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Biomedical subjects

S S Breese

Publications and source records attributed to S S Breese.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

High affinity of various smooth muscle myosins for skeletal F-actin demonstrated by enzyme kinetics and electron microscopy.

Myosins isolated from mixed rabbit skeletal muscle and several smooth muscles differ with respect to the rate of ATP hydrolysis and the degree of inhibition of the potassium-activated ATPase activity at saturating actin concentrations. Kinetic studies indicate that smooth muscle myosins are tightly bound to skeletal F-actin in the presence of ATp. This observation led to the hypothesis that ATP is a poor dissociating agent for smooth muscle myosin and skeletal F-actin. The kinetic interpretation was verified by electron microscopic observations of myosin binding to F-actin filaments in the presence of ATP.

Actins↗
PubMed1982

Purification of african malignant catarrhal fever virus using a two-phase aqueous polymer system.

The WC11 isolate of malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) was purified by a method employing phase separation of the virus in an aqueous polymer system. Virus was grown in primary bovine thyroid cells. The virus released into the extracellular medium was purified. Initial concentration and partial purification of MCFV occurred after separation of the virus into the dextran phase following the addition of 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol and 8% (w/v) dextran T10 to the extracellular virus. Further purification was achieved by centrifugation into a 20% (w/v) ficoll cushion followed by centrifugation to equilibrium by flotation in a 15 to 36% (w/w) CsCl or 30 to 60% (w/w) sucrose gradient. Virus recovery was monitored using a plaque assay on bovine thyroid cells and ranged from 3 to 23% of the input extracellular virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Observation on the morphology of contagious equine metritis bacterial colonies isolated from infected pony mares.

In uterine or cervical specimens obtained from pony mares infected with streptomycin-resistant contagious equine metritis bacteria, several colonies of the bacteria which differed in morphologic characteristics were recognized during their primary isolation on Eugon chocolate agar and tryptose chocolate agar plates. The differences were usually not observed until plates were incubated 10 to 15 days. On Eugon chocolate agar plates, smooth colony, sandy colony with rings, and colony with blebs were recognized. On tryptose chocolate agar plates, only a round smooth convex colony was observed. By scanning electron microscopy, colonies consisted of coccal, coccobacillary, and bacillary forms. Only one type of colony was isolated from any mare.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Localization of brucella antigens that elicit a humoral immune response in Brucella abortus-infected cells.

Localization of brucella antigens, to which brucella-infected cattle make antibodies, and the surface characteristics of Brucella abortus smooth strain 19 and rough strain 45/20 were studied by the use of monospecific antisera in absorption tests, electron microscopy, and electrophoretic mobility of organisms in microelectrophoresis. Antigenic determinants of electrophoretically defined antigen A5 were present on the surface of B. abortus rough strain 45/20 organisms, and protein moieties were most probably exposed on the surface of this strain in contrast with smooth strain 19 organisms. Several antigens distinct from the smooth lipopolysaccharide complex, to which brucella-infected cattle make antibodies, were not detected on the surface of smooth organisms. Agglutinating antibodies present in anti-B. abortus strain 19 serum did not bind to all areas on the surface of the smooth cells, suggesting the presence of different antigenic moieties on their surface. It is also postulated that the surface of B. abortus rough strain 45/20 displays receptors able to strongly bind immunoglobulin molecules, as well as other serum components.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of proliferation and cytopathogenicity of swine vesicular virus and coxsackievirus B5.

Sequential appearance of both swine vesicular disease virus and Coxsackievirus B5 antigens in a pig kidney cell line was studied by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The replication cycle of each virus was approximately 3-4 h. Viral antigens were demonstrable in the cytoplasm 2 h after inoculation. A compact mass of fluorescence was seen when cells showed cytopathogenic effect at 5.5 h. After 3 h, a few viral particles, seen by electron microscopy, were in the cytoplasm. Morphological changes of cells occurred at the same time. Cytoplasmic crystalline arrays of virus were first detected at 7 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Morphogenesis of the assembly and release of bovine enterovirus.

Fluorescent antibody (FA) studies of cells infected with bovine enterovirus showed cytoplasmic blebs with specific fluorescence to the virus. These structures were also found extracellularly in the debris of lysed cells and were RNA-positive by acridine orange (AO) staining. The morphology of virus-infected cells was further studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with immunoferritin tagging showed the development of long sacs with bilaminated and multilaminated membranes. These sacs had multiple twists at different intervals along their length forming a chain of vesicles. The development and maturation of the virus were observed in these vesicles. A number of virus-containing vesicles were also present extracellularly in the debris of lysed cells. In addition, virus was observed in layers of membranous cisternae closely associated with vacuoles and plasma membrane. Some of the cisternae opened to the extracellular space and appeared to allow the release of the virus. Virus particles were also found in patches and in crystals within the cytoplasmic matrix. Many lysed cells contained fibrils often associated with patches of ferritin-tagged virus. This study presents morphological evidence for the release of the virus in vesicles after cell lysis, via cisternae with openings to the extracellular space, and in cytoplasmic blebs.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ultrastructure of Haemophilus equigenitalis, causative agent of contagious equine metritis.

Haemophilus equigenitalis, a proposed new species of Haemophilus and the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, a venereal disease of the horse, had ultrastructural characteristics of gram-negative bacteria. The organism additionally had a small, threadlike capsule that was removed by heating in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Heating also detached the outer membrane from the cytoplasmic membrane. The capsule could only be demonstrated when bacterial were stained with ruthenium red during the preparation of ultrathin sections. The gross morphology of newly isolated organisms (rodlike or coccal) depended upon the medium on which they were grown.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pre-lytic release of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cytoplasmic blebs.

The pre-lytic release mechanism of foot-and-mouth disease virus was investigated by immunofluorescence, acridine orange staining, and electron microscopy in infected bovine and porcine kidney coverslip cultures. Cells with cytoplasmic fluorescence and which were positive for single stranded RNA with acridine orange staining were observed at 2 h after infection. Scanning electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic blebs in all cultures examined 2 h after infection. Rounded cells with virus inclusions began to appear 3 h after infection. Rounded cells and cytoplasmic blebs were shown to have single stranded RNA by acridine orange staining. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy with immunoferritin tagging demonstrated foot-and-mouth disease virus in cytoplasmic blebs. This study presents evidence for a pre-lytic release of foot-and-mouth disease virus through virus-containing cytoplasmic blebs emerging from infected cells.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of molecular weights of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA fragments determined from lengths and s-rates.

A comparison was made of the calculated mol. wt. of RNA fragments from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) types A12 strain 119, C3 Resende and O1 Brugge. The mol. wt. were calculated by two methods: from the measurements of strand lengths in the electron micrographs and from the observed sedimentation rates (s-rates). RNA extracted from virus by dialysis against water usually had three to four prominent strands of different lengths. Mol. wt. calculated from s-rates (and converted to strand lengths) generally agreed with those measured on electron micrographs. Differences which occurred appeared to be attributable to further breakage during processing for electron microscopy. Major fragment strand lengths range from 0-65 to 2-45 mum. The modal lengths of RNA fragments were preparation-dependent, ranging from 1-25 to 1-95 mum for A12 119, 1-05 to 1-75 mum for C3 Resende, and 1-65 to 2-45 mum for O1 Brugge. There was one fragment length 1-95 mum common to all three types of FMDV RNA and several others which appear in at least two types. Calculations using the molar ratios of nucleotide residues in FMDV RNA, a mol. wt. of FMDV RNA of 2-65 X 10(6) and an internucleotide spacing of 3-17 A indicate that intact FMDV RNA should be 2-62 mum long and therefore would contain approx. 8270 nucleotides. The derived mathematical expression for the relationship between mol. wt. (M) and s-rate (S) giving the best fit for all data was M = 1725 S2-07, a result close to that derived by Spirin (1963) for other single-stranded RNAs.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1976

Etiology of the stomatitis pneumoenteritis complex in Nigerian dwarf goats.

The causative agent of stomatitis pneumoenteritis complex was isolated in domesticated goats and Vero cell culture. It was identified immunologically and morphologically as identical with the "Peste des Petits Ruminants" virus. There were cross reactions between stomatitis pneumoenteritis complex virus isolate and rinderpest virus by immunodiffusion and complement fixation tests but no cross neutralization. Goats recovered from stomatitis pneumoenteritis complex were protected against a challenge with rinderpest virus that was lethal to control goats. Ultrastructural morphology revealed intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions made up of random arrays of fibrillar strands. Pleomorphic particles budded from the plasma membrane of infected cells and enveloped virions were seen extracellularly. Specific ferritin tagging was demonstrated in the stomatitis pneumoenteritis complex virus infected cells treated with homologous and peste des petits ruminants viral antibody systems but little, if any, tagging in the heterologous rinderpest system.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Antigenic and morphologic comparisons of Ibaraki and bluetongue viruses.

Bluetongue disease virus, type 10, and Ibaraki disease virus, which causes a bluetongue-like disease of cattle, were compared to determine whether they are the same or different viruses. They were similar in morphology, but neutralization tests, complement-fixation tests, and ferritin tagging indicated that they have antigenic differences. Therefore, they should be considered as different viruses. Two other viruses of this group, African horsesickness and equine encephalosis, were included to show that Ibaraki and bluetongue had developmental morphological features that could be used to differentiate them from the two equine viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Experimental infection of white-tailed deer with rinderpest virus.

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) succumbed to experimental infection with virulent rinderpest (RP) virus that was also lethal to cattle and goats. The deer developed clinical signs typical of RP and died 5 and 6 days post-inoculation. Infection was confirmed by recovery of virus from blood before death, from lymph node tissue after necropsy, and demonstration of specific complement fixing antigen in those tissues. Electron micrographs of infected Vero cell cultures revealed extracellular virions and intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions made of randomly distributed fibrillar strands.

Animals↗