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S S ELBERG

Publications and source records attributed to S S ELBERG.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1964

STUDIES OF TUBERCLE BACILLUS-HISTIOCYTE RELATIONSHIPS. 8. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CELLULAR RESISTANCE INDUCED BY BRUCELLA AND MYCOBACTERIA.

Comparison of the Brucella-immune and the BCG-immune histiocyte, each of which is resistant to necrotization by either Brucella or mycobacteria, has revealed a number of dissimilarities in their behavior. The Brucella-immune histiocyte was found to be incapable of transferring its resistance to the cells of normal animals; it was also unable to achieve attenuation of virulent tubercle bacilli. In contrast, the BCG-immune histiocyte and certain of its subcellular components (ribosomes and ribosomal RNA) were effective in inducing cellular resistance in normal animals against both Brucella and mycobacteria. When RNA was used, only immune ribosomal RNA was effective; when intact ribosomes were used, both immune and recipient ribosomes proved active. These investigations have also shown that the resistance of the BCG-immune histiocyte against Brucella and mycobacteria was of long duration and not readily dissociable.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

IMMUNIZATION AGAINST BRUCELLA INFECTION. 10. THE RELATIVE IMMUNOGENICITY OF BRUCELLA ABORTUS STRAIN 19-BA AND BRUCELLA MELITENSIS STRAIN REV I IN CYNOMOLGUS PHILIPPINENSIS.

Continuing previous studies, the authors investigated the immunogenicity of low doses of Brucella melitensis strain Rev I in Cynomolgus monkeys challenged by the respiratory route and compared the efficacy of Rev I vaccine with that of vaccine from Br. abortus strain 19-BA.Challenge with the virulent Br. melitensis strain 6015 indicated that 19-BA vaccine was considerably more effective when administered intracutaneously than subcutaneously, whereas with Rev I vaccine the difference was slight, but Rev I conferred immunity in much lower doses. It was found that a dose as low as 260 cells of Rev I led to a high degree of immunity, although there was a very pronounced delay in the bacteriological response. The authors conclude that the results obtained justify trials of the safety of Rev I vaccine for man in the low dosage effective for cynomolgi.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

STUDIES OF TUBERCLE BACILLUS-HISTIOCYTE RELATIONSHIPS. VI. INDUCTION OF CELLULAR RESISTANCE BY RIBOSOMES AND RIBOSOMAL RNA.

The various cellular components of immune rabbit histiocytes have been analyzed for their ability to induce cellular resistance in normal animals. The results of these investigations have shown that the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions were inactive and that the microsomal and ribosomal fractions were active. The importance of ribonucleic acid in induction of cellular resistance was established by isolation of an active ribosomal RNA and by demonstration of inactivation of this material with ribonuclease but not with deoxyribonuclease or trypsin. The possibility that viable bacilli were present in immune ribosomes was tested; the absence of complement-fixing antibodies and of skin reactivity to tuberculin in animals inoculated with ribosomes was considered as partial evidence of absence of living bacilli.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Studies on tubercle bacillus-histiocyte relationship. V. Passive transfer of cellular resistance.

Studies of passive transfer of cellular resistance, as manifested by refractoriness to necrotization with virulent tubercle bacilli, have shown that immune histiocytes or immune lymphocytes were effective transferring agents; immune polymorphonuclear leucocytes and immune serum as well as comparable cells from normal animals lacked this capacity. Comparisons of immune histiocytes and immune lymphocytes showed that the former cells were more efficient; this was indicated by (a) the smaller numbers of immune histiocytes needed for passive transfer, (b) the longer duration of cellular resistance in recipients given histiocytes than in those given lymphocytes, (c) the greater capacity of histiocytes to effect serial passive transfer, and (d) the ability of histiocytic but not lymphocytic lysates to transfer cellular resistance. Experiments to establish the mechanism of passive transfer of cellular resistance showed that there was no active induction of resistance in recipients through transfer of bacillary antigens contained in immune histiocytes; in fact, the results of serial passive transfers with immune histiocytes suggested an active replication of the "cell resistance factor."

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Immunization against Brucella infection. 8. The response of Cynomolgus philippinensis, guinea-pigs and pregnant goats to injection by the Rev I strain of Brucella melitensis.

Experiments have been carried out on monkeys, goats and guinea-pigs to define as closely as possible the degree of attenuation of the Rev I strain of B. melitensis. Earlier studies had conclusively demonstrated the effectiveness of the strain as an immunizing agent of the three animal species and had suggested that the degree of attenuation was such as to warrant limited study in humans. Results of such a limited study suggested more intensive measurement of the virulence of the strain in other stocks of animals as well as in individual animals rendered increasingly susceptible. A comparison of Rev I with B. abortus, strain 19-BA, and with a fully virulent strain of B. melitensis in guinea-pigs confirmed that the BA strain was more attenuated than Rev I. Cynomolgus monkeys were effectively immunized by Rev I and showed temporary signs of generalized infection. Human isolates of the Rev I strain were striking in the temporary infectivity possessed by rough colony types.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Studies on tubercle bacillusmonocyte relationship. IV. Effects of passage in normal and immune systems upon virulent bacilli.

Passage of the virulent H37Rv strain of tubercle bacillus in normal or immune systems (normal or immune monocytes suspended in the corresponding serum) resulted in decreased virulence of the bacilli; this was evidenced by the very low mortality rates in mice inoculated intravenously with passaged bacilli. Passaged bacilli when cultivated directly in tween-albumin medium or when grown on glycerol-blood agar plates after recovery from infected mouse tissues proved as virulent as unpassaged bacilli. The decreased virulence of passaged H37Rv was accompanied by loss of ability to bind neutral red. Passaged H37Rv was more sensitive than unpassaged bacilli to inactivation by sodium oleate and by normal monocyte lysate; however, passaged H37Rv was more resistant than unpassaged bacilli to inhibition by streptomycin.

Administration, Intravenous↗
PubMed1961

Lysis of brucellae by the combined action of glycine and a lysozyme-like agent from rabbit monocytes.

Ralston, Doris J. (University of California, Berkeley), B. S. Baer, and S. S. Elberg. Lysis of brucellae by the combined action of glycine and a lysozyme-like agent from rabbit monocytes. J. Bacteriol. 82:342-353. 1961.-An acid-extractable lytic material was obtained from rabbit monocytes. It acts on a substrate in the walls of brucellae and has properties similar to egg-white lysozyme. Brucella melitensis strain Rev Is is completely resistant to this agent and also to crystalline lysozyme, but when the cells are exposed to sufficient amounts of glycine, the surface is rendered susceptible to these lytic agents. Rough type Rev Is cells are more susceptible than smooth, and the virulent B. melitensis strain 6015 is most resistant.

Animals↗
PubMed1959

Studies on tubercle bacillus-monocyte relationship. III. Conditions affecting the action of serum and cells; modification of bacilli in an immune system.

Studies of the relationship of protective serum factor to cellular resistance and to tuberculin skin sensitivity have demonstrated that protective serum factor may exist independently of a high level of cellular resistance, and that both protective factor and cellular resistance may be demonstrable without a concomitant hypersensitivity of the delayed type. The experiments with absorbed sera and the globulin fraction of immune serum indicated no specific association of protective serum factor with antibody globulin. The protective factor in immune serum was found to be thermostable and non-dialyzable. In vitro exposure of virulent tubercle bacilli to the immune serum from BCG-immunized animals failed to alter the bacterial capacity for destruction of monocytes and for intracellular proliferation. In vitro cultivation of normal and immune monocytes in normal or immune serum was not effective in changing the native susceptibility or resistance of these cells. Effective manifestation of resistance to virulent tubercle bacilli by immune monocytes was found to require the continuous presence of immune serum. The intracellular passage of virulent tubercle bacilli in an immune system (immune monocytes cultivated in immune serum) resulted in a decreased bacterial potential for destruction of normal monocytes when these were cultivated in the presence of immune serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1959

Immunization against Brucella infection. 7. Immunological and epidemiological studies in Cordoba, Spain.

The author describes a study, carried out in the Province of Córdoba, Spain, to test the efficacy of a live vaccine prepared from the Rev I strain of Brucella melitensis against caprine brucellosis and to determine the extent of natural infection in goats and humans in the Province.It was found that the vaccine significantly increased the resistance of the goats to infection without inducing a carrier state of the vaccine strain and that the immunity persisted for at least 15 months-the period of test.Serum agglutination tests, milk ring tests, and milk culture tests on goats showed that approximately 16-29% of the individual animals examined would be considered infective on the basis of one or other of the tests. Of the 118 herds tested, 111 were discovered to be harbouring infected animals.Serum agglutination tests on humans revealed that 25 of the 880 people tested (2.8%) had titres of 160 International Units (IU) or above and that, on the basis of a diagnostic titre of 80 IU or above, 7% of the population would be regarded as showing evidence of a past or present infection.

Agglutination Tests↗