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Biomedical subjects

S S George

Publications and source records attributed to S S George.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Cytomorphological spectrum in scar endometriosis: a study of eight cases.

OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis due to ectopic endometrial tissue that responds to hormonal stimulation and is extremely rare in a surgical scar appearing in 0.1% of women who have undergone Caesarean section. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be a valuable diagnostic aid in the evaluation of these subcutaneous abdominal masses. METHODS: We present the cytomorphological spectrum in eight cases of abdominal wall endometriosis diagnosed by FNAC over a 6-year period (June 1998-June 2004) in Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital (Kuwait). The patients ranged from 27 to 56 years of age. Seven had a prior Caesarean section and one had a hysterectomy for fibroid. They presented 3-8 years later with nodules in/near the abdominal scar. Five cases presented with a painful nodule, fluctuant with the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Cytological findings comprised epithelial clusters and fusiform stromal cells with numerous haemosiderin-laden macrophages. Mild to moderate epithelial atypia was observed in three cases. A diagnosis of endometriosis was rendered in all the eight cases and tissue was available in four cases. CONCLUSIONS: Endometriotic nodules need to be differentiated from other benign/malignant masses and evaluated for possible malignant transformation. FNAC provides a safe and effective tool for diagnosis thereby obviating the need for other procedures.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2001

Terminal uridine nick end labelling and mitosis in breast carcinoma. Correlation with tumor grade and p53 overexpression.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of cell death and proliferation to histologic grade and p53 expression in invasive carcinoma of the breast. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 31 cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast were randomly selected. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) reaction and p53 immunostaining were performed on representative paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Mitotic and apoptotic indices (MI and AI) were also measured on hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. Histologic grade of infiltrating duct carcinoma was performed with the help of the Nottingham modification of the Bloom-Richardson system. Tumor grade and p53 overexpression were correlated with MI, AI and AI detected by TUNEL. RESULTS: There were a total of 31 infiltrating duct carcinomas of the breast, of which 13 cases were grade 1 and nine cases each were grade 2 and 3. Cells with positive TUNEL showed a strong brown nuclear positivity. TUNEL showed positivity from the periphery of the nuclear margin to the central portion. AI detected by TUNEL did not correlate with tumor grade (ANOVA, P > .05). MI was significant only in grade 1 versus grade 3 and 2 versus grade 3 carcinomas (ANOVA, P < .01). The morphologic apoptotic index was significant only in grade 1 versus grade 3 carcinomas. Nine cases showed p53 overexpression, and the rest of the cases were negative for p53 immunostaining. MI, AI and TUNEL were not significantly different in p53-negative and -positive groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that AI and MI were significantly related, but there was no significant relation between AI detected by TUNEL and MI. CONCLUSION: MI is still more useful than AI or AI detected by TUNEL in differentiating various grades of carcinoma of the breast.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Manual versus image analysis estimation of PCNA in breast carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare manual to image analysis estimation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in paraffin sections of breast carcinomas. STUDY DESIGN: Paraffin sections of 51 breast carcinomas were stained with primary antibody to PCNA. Nuclear PCNA expression in 100 randomly selected tumor cells from marked areas was manually graded from 0 to 3. Antigen expression was also calculated by a cell analysis system (CAS-200, Becton Dickinson, Elmhurst, Illinois, U.S.A.) from marked and random microscopic fields. Obtained proliferative index (PI) from both methods was compared. RESULTS: Manually calculated PI correlated strongly with the CAS-200-calculated PI (P < .01). The highest correlation was seen between the CAS-200 PI value and manually calculated PI value using grade 2 and 3 nuclei. A particularly high correlation was noted between the number of positive nuclei and antigen staining area (P < .01) as estimated by the CAS-200. CONCLUSION: Nuclear expression of PCNA and other nuclear antigens can be accurately evaluated by an image analysis system. The speed and objectivity of such machines allow the evaluation of larger parts of tissues and provide more-representative antigen expression profiles.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Cytologic grading and DNA image cytometry of breast carcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology smears.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the cytologic grade of breast carcinoma with DNA image cytometry (ICM) and nuclear area on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, FNAC material from 28 breast carcinomas were studied for cytologic grade and DNA ICM. Breast carcinomas were classified as grade 1-3 (low to high). DNA histograms were classified by the modified Auer method. Degree of hyperploidy (DH), ploidy balance (PB) and nuclear area (NA) were measured on Feulgen-stained smears by a CAS 200 image cytometer. Cytologic grade was correlated with DNA ICM findings and NA. RESULTS: There were 3 cytologic grade 1, 13 grade 2 and 12 grade 3 breast carcinomas. Seven of eight cases of hypertetraploid aneuploidy were grade 3 tumors. All cytologic grade 1 tumors were diploid. There were significant differences in DH, PB and NA in different grades of breast carcinoma (one-way ANOVA). CONCLUSION: DNA image cytometry in combination with cytologic grading might offer additional information for the characterization of breast carcinomas diagnosed by FNAC. These observations are of particular interest with the introduction of preoperative chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Aspiration pneumonia. Strategies for early recognition and prevention.

Aspiration is the result of dysfunction during the oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal stage of deglutition. Depending on the type of aspirate, the resultant lung injury may include chemical or bacterial inflammation or obstruction of the airways. Tools for evaluation include roentgenography, upper GI tract studies, bronchoscopy, and esophageal pH studies. Medical management is primarily supportive. Because aspiration pneumonia has a high morbidity rate, prevention involving early recognition and modification of predisposing factors whenever possible is critical for improving outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Detection of CIN by naked eye visualization after application of acetic acid.

A prospective study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity and specificity of acetic application to the cervix followed by naked eye visualization as a screening test for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Three hundred and seventy two sexually active woman in the reproductive age group were studied. All the women underwent Papanicolaou test, acetic acid test and colposcopy. One hundred and seventy five woman were acetic acid test negative, 197 women were acetic acid test positive. The sensitivity of acetic acid test was 72.4%, specificity 54% and false negative rate 15.2%, as compared to papanicolaou test which had a sensitivity of 13.2%, specificity of 96.3% and false negative rate of 24.4%. The advantage of the acetic acid test lies in its easy technique, low cost and high sensitivity which are important factors for determining the efficacy of any screening programme in developing countries.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1994

Endocrine profile of women with amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea.

OBJECTIVES: To find out the common causes of amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea in south Indian women and to draw up a protocol for evaluation of women with these problems. METHODS: A retrospective study of 426 women with amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea was carried out. RESULTS: Forty-one patients had primary amenorrhea, 132 had secondary amenorrhea and 289 women presented with oligomenorrhea. Hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and congenital absence of the uterus and vagina accounted for 60% of primary amenorrhea. Chronic anovulatory disorders and premature ovarian failure were found in 72% of women with secondary amenorrhea but weight loss related amenorrhea was uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the observations made, a protocol for evaluation and management of women with amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea was evolved.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cervical ripening induces labour through interleukin 1 beta.

In order to study the Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels in mechanical cervical ripening with Foley catheter, IL-1 beta levels in amniotic fluid of 12 women before and after cervical ripening were compared with those in 23 women in spontaneous active labour. IL-1 beta was present in 81.8% of patients after cervical ripening and in none prior to it. In women with spontaneous labour 69.6% had immunodetectable IL-1 beta. Women with spontaneous labour and those sampled after cervical ripening had similar IL-1 beta levels in the amniotic fluid. Cervical ripening with Foley catheter is associated with high levels of IL-1 beta and this probably induces labour.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of two molecular weight classes of cadmium binding proteins from the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.).

Inducible cadmium binding proteins (Cd-BP) in the mussel, Mytilus edulis, were resolved into two molecular weight components by gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Each of these two molecular weight components was further resolved into four subcomponents by DEAE ion exchange chromatography. All eight subcomponents bound cadmium and exhibited significant u.v. absorption at 254 and little absorption at 280 nm. Based on amino acid composition analysis two classes of proteins were identified, one having higher cysteine (approximately 25 mole %) and lower serine and glutamic acid contents compared to the other class.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of ThinPrep and conventional preparations on fine needle aspiration cytology material.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the various cytologic features on ThinPrep 2000 (TP) (Cytyc Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) and conventional preparation (CP) specimens from fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material by a semiquantitative scoring system. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study a total of 71 consecutive cases were included. In each case, two passes were performed. The first pass was used for conventional preparations, with direct smears made and fixed immediately in 95% alcohol for Papanicolaou stain. For TP preparation a second pass produced material for processing in the ThinPrep 2000. The TP and CP slides were studied independently by two observers and representative slides of CP and TP compared for cellularity, background blood and necrotic cell debris, cell architecture, informative background, presence of monolayer cells, and nuclear and cytoplasmic details by a semiquantitative scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon's signed rank test on an SPSS program (Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.). RESULTS: TP preparations contained adequate diagnostic cells in all cases and were tangibly superior to CP preparations concerning monolayer cells, absence of blood and necrosis, and preservation of nuclear and cytoplasmic detail (statistically significant, Wilcoxon's signed rank test, P < .000). CONCLUSION: TP preparations are superior to conventional preparations with regard to clear background, monolayer cell preparation and cell preservation. It is easier and less time consuming to screen and interpret TP preparations because the cells are limited to smaller areas on clear backgrounds, with excellent cellular preservation. However, TP preparations are more expensive than CP and require some experience for interpretation.

Biopsy, Needle↗