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Biomedical subjects

S S Guo

Publications and source records attributed to S S Guo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Mechanical and physiologic modifiers and bioelectrical impedance spectrum determinants of body composition.

Fat-free mass and total and percentage body fat were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and total-body and segmental impedance measures were taken at 16 frequencies from 5 to 1300 kHz in a sample of white men and women aged 18-30 y. Plots of total-body and segmental impedance against frequency for each individual indicated that the general shape of these curves was described by the same mathematical function consisting of three components-ai, bi, and ci,-that contain information derived from the individual measurements of impedance summarized across the spectrum of current frequencies. Total-body and segmental multifrequency impedance were significantly correlated with hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum sodium, potassium, creatinine, and osmolality. Regression models of body composition with total-body or segmental impedance measures at discrete frequencies or the impedance spectrum variables were similar to corresponding findings for impedance models at 50 kHz. The segmental impedance spectrum variables for total and percentage body fat and the ratios of low- to high-frequency impedance from the trunk were significantly associated with total body fatness as measured by DXA.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

Use of statistical methods to estimate body composition.

Epidemiologic investigations of chronic diseases in relation to body composition require large samples. This necessitates simple, reliable, and portable measures of body composition. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) variables and selected anthropometric characteristics are frequently used to predict body composition for groups or individuals when the application of sophisticated methods is not practical. We address statistical issues pertinent to the formulation of prediction equations for body composition from BIA measures and anthropometry, and factors associated with the accuracy and precision of the prediction equations.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1996

[Study on relationship of lipid peroxide in coronary heart disease with and without diabetes].

Activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (RBC-SOD), levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 alpha (6-keto-PGF 1 alpha) and thromboxane B2(TXB2) were measured in 30 healthy subjects and 57 coronary heart desease (CHD) patients inoluding 21 cases complicated with diabetes and 36 without. Their characteristics of Syndrome Differentiation and typing were observed. The results showed that the activity of RBC-SOD, 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha in CHD patients were significantly lower than those in the healthy subjects, but the levels of TXB2, MDA were significantly higher. The levels of TXB2 in CHD patients with diabetes were significantly higher than tose without, but the activity of RBC-SOD were significantly lower. There were remarkably positive correlations between the levels of serum MDA and that of blood sugar, TXB2, TG and BMI in CHD patients with diabetes. There were remarkably negative correlations between the levels of serum MDA and plasma 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha. The results suggested that the metabolic abnormality of lipoperoxides was more serious in CHD patients with diabetes than without. The main Syndrome of CHD with diabetes was Qi-Yin Deficiency with Blood Stasis, while that of without diabetes was Qi Deficiency with Blood Stasis.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1996

The role of endothelin-1 in Binswanger's disease.

BACKGROUND: Endothelin-1 is known to exist in the nervous system. A notable increase of plasma endothelin-1 is associated with acute stroke. This study was designed to measure plasma endothelin-1 levels in Binswanger's disease and explore the relationship between endothelin-1 and this disorder. METHODS: Plasma levels of endothelin-1 were-examined by radioimmunoassay in 31 patients with Binswanger's disease and in three groups of control subjects. The ratio of the plasma concentration of endothelin-1 in the internal jugular vein to that in the antecubital vein was calculated as an indicator of endothelin-1 level in cerebral circulation. RESULTS: Endothelin-1 ratio devation was seen more often in patients with Binswanger's disease than in acute stroke patients. Endithelin-1 ratios were significantly negatively correlated with Hasegawa's Dementia Scale scores is subjects with Binswanger's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities is vasoactive factors may make an important contribution to the pathophysiology of Binswanger's disease. Endothelin-1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of this illness.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effects of continuous light on experimental refractive errors in chicks.

It is possible to induce ametropias in young chicks either by depriving the developing eye of clear form vision with a translucent goggle or by defocusing the retinal image with convex or concave lenses. The refractive properties of the developing chick eye are also altered by raising young birds in a continuous light environment. The effects of superimposing form deprivation or defocus treatments on chicks raised in continuous light are unclear. Newly hatched (n = 31) chicks were raised for 2 weeks under continuous light while wearing either translucent goggles or + 10 or -10 diopter (D) lenses over one eye. Refractive states, corneal curvature and intraocular dimensions were measured periodically by retinoscopy, keratometry and A-scan ultrasound. The birds were sacrificed after 2 weeks and the eyes removed and measured with calipers. Under continuous light, all eyes treated with translucent goggle and -10 D lens developed moderate myopia (-2.6 +/- 0.5 D and -1.4 +/- 0.3 D, respectively) by day 4. The eyes treated with a + 10 D lens developed moderate hyperopia (+ 4.8 +/- 0.5 D) at day 4. Corneal curvatures of all treated eyes were slightly, but significantly, larger than contralateral control eyes by day 4. After 2 weeks of goggle or lens application, all the treated eyes were hyperopic due to corneal flattening. But the eyes treated with a goggle or a -10 D lens still showed relative myopia compared to the fellow eyes (treated minus untreated = -3.8 +/- 0.4 D and -2.8 +/- 0.4 D, respectively), and the eyes treated with a + 10 D lens showed more hyperopia than fellow eyes (treated minus untreated = + 5.1 +/- 0.6 D). Compared with the control eyes, the axial length (mainly vitreous chamber depth) was slightly, but significantly, increased in the eyes treated with a goggle or a -10 D lens, and the axial length decreased slightly in the eyes treated with + 10 D lens. The results suggest that form deprivation and retinal defocus (induced by +/- 10 D lenses) could still induce experimental refractive errors (myopia and hyperopia) in chicks kept under continuous light, but the effects of form deprivation and retinal defocus were partially suppressed by continuous light.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1995

Techniques of assessing muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) for epidemiological studies of the elderly.

For epidemiological studies, reliable and valid measurements or indices of muscle mass are needed to screen for those elderly persons at risk for sarcopenia, and to determine the prevalence of these conditions on a national level. The methods more suitable for field or epidemiological settings are anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, and grip strength. These field methods, while reliable, have limited demonstrated validity in their application to the elderly and are restricted by the limited functional capabilities of the elderly, which decrease with age. Epidemiological studies of the elderly need to include sufficient numbers of persons of different ethnic backgrounds, and at the older ages. For an epidemiological study of the elderly today, one also needs to select the categories of elderly persons to be included in such studies: healthy, sick, very old, handicapped, level of functional status, etc., because relationships among variables can have different statistical and biological associations. Future work should be directed at improving the design and methodology of epidemiological and serial studies so as to maximize the numbers and categories of elderly persons who can be studied.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Retinal dopamine and lens-induced refractive errors in chicks.

This study investigated the relationship between retinal dopamine and lens induced refractive errors in chicks by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). After two weeks of lens wear, the chick eyes treated with +10D lenses were hyperopic (+8.29 +/- 0.43D), while the eyes treated with -10D lenses were myopic (-11.69 +/- 0.74D). At the same time, in myopic eyes the level of retinal dopamine and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were reduced compared to control eyes, while in hyperopic eyes the level of retinal dopamine and DOPAC were increased as compared with control eyes. Therefore, retinal dopamine may participate in the development of lens induced refractive errors in chicks.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1994

Prediction of stature from knee height for black and white adults and children with application to mobility-impaired or handicapped persons.

OBJECTIVE: No adequate methods exist for predicting stature to help assess the growth of handicapped (including mobility-impaired) children or to help in developing indexes of obesity or equations for estimating basal energy expenditure for adults. In this project, equations were developed to predict stature in white and black adults and children from nationally representative samples for application to mobility-impaired and handicapped persons. SAMPLES: Samples of healthy adults (n = 5,415) and children (n = 13,821) were selected from cycles I, II, and III of the National Health Examination Survey (NHES) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics from 1960 to 1970. Balanced validation and cross-validation groups were created with regard to age, ethnic group, and sex. OUTCOME MEASURES: The NHES is the only national survey that contains body measurements biologically appropriate for predicting stature. These measurements include stature, sitting height, knee height, and buttocks to knee length. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Equations were computed from an all-possible-subsets of weighted regression procedure to select the predictor variables in the validation group based on the values of R2 and the root mean square error. RESULTS: Knee height predicted stature for white and black men, but the predictor variables for white and black women were knee height and age. For predicting stature in children 6 to 18 years of age, the predictor variable was knee height for all children. APPLICATIONS: The equations presented here were developed for use with mobility-impaired or handicapped persons, but the measurements were collected from ambulatory people by means of standard techniques. The use of recumbent anthropometric data from mobility-impaired or handicapped persons in the equations will expand the errors of prediction over those presented in this report. The standard error for a person is a guide to the range of probability within which a predicted value can occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y.

Larger body mass index values (BMI in kg/m2) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adulthood and there are significant correlations between BMI values in childhood and in adulthood. The present study addresses the predictive value of childhood BMI for overweight at 35 +/- 5 y, defined as BMI > 28 for men and > 26 for women. Analyses of data for 555 white children indicated that overweight at 35 y can be predicted from BMI at younger ages. The prediction is excellent at age 18 y, good at 13 y, but only moderate at ages younger than 13 y. For 18-y-olds with a BMI value exceeding the 60th percentile, the odds of overweight at 35 y are 34% for men and 37% for women. A clinically applicable method is provided to assign an overweight child to a group with a known probability of high BMI values in adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Bioelectrical impedance and body composition: present status and future directions.

Single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzers used to assess body composition are being replaced by multiple-frequency analyzers. At low frequencies, the current flows primarily through extracellular fluids; at high frequencies, it completely penetrates all body tissues. Measures of bioelectrical impedance at multiple frequencies can differentiate total and extracellular fluid compartments in the body. This has considerable value for assessing clinical and nutritional status. Impedance measures at a single frequency contain only a small window of the available impedance spectrum information, which may explain the difficulty in discriminating among individuals. The impedance spectrum and its analysis may provide a much clearer picture of individual differences in body water and body composition. With increasing clinical uses of bioelectrical impedance in individuals and sample populations, the use of multiple-frequency impedance may help to elucidate differences that are not discernible with single-frequency impedance.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1993

Bioelectric and anthropometric assessments and reference data in the elderly.

Most studies using bioelectric impedance have estimated the volume of total body water, fat-free mass and on occasion extracellular fluid volume using whole-body resistance and reactance. However, the validity of bioelectric impedance has not been established for the elderly except in small samples of limited age ranges. The estimation of whole-body composition from impedance of body segments may be an alternative method that can be applied to many chair- and bedfast elderly patients. Also, measures of bioelectric impedance at lower and higher frequencies than 50 kHz are reported to differentiate the proportions of intra- and extracellular fluid volumes, and this could also provide important information about fluid quantities and balances in the elderly. Distribution statistics for body measurements for persons 65-85 y of age are available from the national health surveys and large clinical studies but reference data for persons > or = 80 y are sparse. Some reference data may be from groups that are not representative of the elderly because the samples were from cohorts older than elderly persons living today and significant group and racial differences existed among these as children and adults. These differences may have increased interindividual variances among the elderly. Suitable reference data for the present generations of elderly in the United States will be available with the culmination of NHANES III after 1994, but limited reference data for elderly persons up to 90 y of age have been published.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical and experimental study on effect of jin-qi-jiang-tang-pian on qi-yin deficiency and hyperactivity of diabetes mellitus].

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of Jin-Qi-Jiang-Tang-Pian (JQJTP) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), postcibal blood glucose (PBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), acetylcholine esterase (AchE), insulin, RBC-superoxide dismutase (RBC-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Efficacy was observed in 40 cases of diabetes mellitus, 20 cases administered with Yu-Quan Pian (YQP) were taken as control. Each group took drugs for two months. After treatment with Jin-Pi-Jiang-Tang-Pian, FBG, PBG, AchE were apparently dropped and RBC-SOD increased, as compared with patients of the YQP group (P < 0.05-0.01), and major symptoms of diabetes were improved. In experimental study, model rats suffering from diabetes induced by alloxan were observed, the rats' blood sugar level above 11.1 mmol/L were chosen for observation. These rats were divided into JQJTP group, YQP group and control group. It was found that JQJTP was able to lower blood sugar, TG and MDA (P < 0.05-0.001) significantly, with a increase of the SOD/MDA, as compared with those of patients of the control groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Studies on the production of artificial seeds of coriander.

In this preliminary report, artificial seeds of coriander were produced by manipulating callus and somatic embryo formation as well as embryo encapsulation. The germination capacity of the artificial seeds under sterile conditions reached 82%, and the survival rate of seedlings was more than 83% after they were transplanted into soil.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of jiang-zhi zhong-yao-pian on total cholesterol, triglyceride, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in hyperlipemic patients].

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of a Chinese herbal medicine Jiang-Zhi Zhong-Yao-Pian to reduce serum lipoid. Efficacy was observed in 30 cases of hyperlipemia; 20 cases administered with evening primose oil capsules were taken as controls. Each group took drugs for two or three months. The results were as follows: After treatment as compared with before treatment, the serum levels of TC, TG and TXB2 dropped from 264.28 +/- 70.52 mg%, 393.52 +/- 250.42 mg% and 110.75 +/- 43.52 pg/ml to 225.60 +/- 50.93 mg%, 264.97 +/- 252.81 mg% and 88.82 +/- 46.50 pg/ml respectively (P less than 0.001, less than 0.01, less than 0.05). However, in the group taking evening primrose oil capsules, TC, TG and TXB2 in comparing with the pre-treatment levels were changed from 251.33 +/- 58.24 mg%, 316.35 +/- 104.93 mg% and 131.53 +/- 49.77 pg/ml to 244.30 +/- 43.28 mg%, 272.10 +/- 92.52 mg% and 115.33 +/- 47.49 pg/ml respectively (P greater than 0.05, less than 0.05, greater than 0.05). This medicine had no side-effect. The results showed that the herbal formula might be useful to reduce serum TC, TG and TXB2.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1990

[Determination of blood flow of the lower leg in patients with diabetes mellitus and the effects of treatment with the principle of vitalizing blood and solubilizing thrombus].

This paper reports the determination of blood flow of the lower leg in 50 cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) using an XLJ-2 Bipolar Rheoencephalometry Impedance Rheogram. In patients with leg pain (but without obvious vascular pathological changes, 85 legs) the blood flow was decreased. In male patients the blood flow of the left leg (9 legs) was 3.28 +/- 0.47 ml/100ml.tissue.min (mean +/- S), while that in the right leg (11 legs) was 3.88 +/- 0.80; in females, the blood flow of the left leg (32 legs) was 2.72 +/- 0.8; while that in the right leg (33 legs) was 2.94 +/- 0.66. These figures were significantly (P less than 0.01-0.001) lower than those obtained from normals. In diabetic feet (15 painful legs) the decrease of blood flow of the lower leg was more apparent: it averaged 1.87 +/- 0.79 for the left leg (7 legs) and 2.66 +/- 0.87 for the right leg (5 legs) in male patients. The values were significantly different when compared with those of normals (P less than 0.001) or with those of the diabetic patients with leg pain (P less than 0.05). These results demonstrated that determination of the blood flow of the lower leg of diabetic patients might aid in early discovery of the abnormal changes of blood supply to the lower legs in diabetes mellitus and judge the degree of ischemia. Of the 50 cases of diabetics 32 were Qi-Yin deficiency with blood stasis while the remaining 18 cases were deficiency of both Yin and Yang with blood stasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗