Reflections on nomadic and scattered populations.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S S Haraldson.
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The Navajo are the largest Indian tribe in the continental U.S. with a population in 1986 estimated at 171,097. The Navajo Nation (Reservation) is located along the borders where Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah meet. Social and economic changes have accrued among the Navajo at a rapid rate during this century. At present, revenues are derived from oil, coal and uranium and from federal grants and contracts. High unemployment rates have been a major problem among the Navajo. This article reviews health, disease and health care among the present day Navajo. Mortality rates from accidents and suicide are disproportionately high and have as their causes longstanding social and behavioral problems. Although there has been a sharp decline in morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, there are still major environmental health problems.
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Independent of international assistance, the socioeconomic development and improvement of national health have been insignificant in several poor countries during the last 10-20 years. The main problems of these countries are multidisciplinary matters, both regarding causative factors and solutions. In the field of health, high priority medical problems are not found in the curative sector of medicine but rather within prevention, with environmental sanitation, water supply, family planning and nutrition. These are the most profitable fields for internal support as well as international assistance, offering lasting development effects and acceptable cost-benefit relations. Primary school education is of major importance in that it provides local tribal youngsters to be selected for training as auxiliary health workers for staffing of the chain of rural dispensaries, which seems to be the key to national health development, and to the WHO goal "health for all by the year 2000." In several developing countries, locally recruited youth with 5-7 years of primary education already constitute indispensable links between professional health services and delicate issues such as birth control and - usually illiterate - rural population.