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S S Hussain

Publications and source records attributed to S S Hussain.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Trends in the UK contribution to the otolaryngological literature.

Ten leading otolaryngological journals were reviewed with a view to detecting the UK contribution to the ENT literature from 1985 to 1994. From a total number of 12,293 publications studied 2414 (19.6%) papers were found to originate from British and Northern Irish otolaryngological departments, with the proportion of UK papers remaining at around 20% throughout the whole 10-year period. These papers were fully reviewed and the number of authors, paper type, names of authors and originating department recorded. Eleven departments were responsible for 50.2% of the total number of publications with the most prolific author being responsible for 2.5% (n = 60) of the total number of UK papers. Over the 10-year period, there has been a significant change towards the publication of more clinical research at the expense of pure laboratory research in these 10 journals (chi 2 P < 0.001). There has also been a move towards multiple authorship (three or more co-authors) over the same period with fewer single-author papers (P < 0.001).

Authorship↗
PubMed1999

Relevance of apolipoprotein E polymorphism for coronary artery disease in the Saudi population.

BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein E alleles epsilon2 and epsilon4 have been reported as independent risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and as predictors for the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We determined by polymerase chain reaction the distribution of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in 320 Saudi blood donors (BD), 96 CAD patients, and 40 control subjects who had undergone angiography. Compared to controls, only epsilon4 was elevated in CAD patients. More than 61% (P <.0001) of the patients had angina, and 52.1% (P <.05) were diabetic; both of these factors were strongly associated with the presence of allele epsilon2. The epsilon2 allele was also associated with hypertension, elevated serum triglycerides, and total cholesterol. On the other hand, the allele epsilon4 appeared to be associated with increased risk of CAD and was also associated with hypertension, 3-vessel disease, and restenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Accordingly, epsilon4 may be associated with increased risk of CAD, whereas epsilon2 appears to be a predictor of several risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Apolipoproteins E↗
PubMed1998

Stapler failure in pharyngeal diverticulectomy: a suggested modification in surgical technique.

The use of a mechanical stapling device during excision of a pharyngeal pouch is now becoming more common, and has many advantages including less contamination of the wound by pharyngeal contents and a shorter operating time. The manufacturers recommend dividing the neck of the pouch flush with the stapler before removing the stapler. We report a case where the stapler failed, leaving a larger defect in the pharyngeal wall necessitating a hand sutured closure. We recommend a change in practice: an artery forcep is applied across the pouch distal to the stapler, the stapler is then removed and the staple line inspected before dividing the pouch.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Primary hyperparathyroidism-associated polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: absence of McCune-Albright syndrome mutations.

Several cases of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism in association with fibrous dysplasia of the bone have been reported in the English literature. Since fibrous dysplasia is a major feature and hyperparathyroidism is occasionally found in the McCune-Albright syndrome, we hypothesized that such cases may represent a variant of this syndrome. A 28-year-old male had primary hyperparathyroidism associated with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia but no other manifestations of the McCune-Albright syndrome. Genomic DNA samples from his parathyroid adenoma, dysplastic bone sample, and peripheral leukocytes were analyzed for the presence of activating mutations of the stimulating G protein alpha subunit gene (gsp). Allele-specific hybridization revealed the presence of normal sequences only, coding for arginine and glutamine at codons 201 (exon 8) and 227 (exon 9), respectively. Further, single strand conformational analysis of a 224 base pair fragment of exon 8 revealed no conformational aberrations. Furthermore, the sequences of a 164 base pair fragment of exon 8 and a 170 base pair fragment of exon 9 were normal. The results strongly suggest that gsp mutation is absent in affected and normal tissues in this patient and that the association of hyperparathyroidism and fibrous dysplasia may not represent a variant of the McCune-Albright syndrome.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Monitoring of intra-operative visual evoked potentials during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) under general anaesthesia.

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is an effective treatment for inflammatory sinus disease. The potential for major complications during FESS is high particularly under general anaesthesia. The most serious of these is injury to the eye leading to blindness. We looked at the feasibility of monitoring flash visual evoked potentials (VEP) simultaneously from both eyes during FESS. Five patients were included in this preliminary study. A haptic contact lens connected by fibreoptic cable to a photostimulator was placed on the eyes and stimulus of comparable intensity to a conventional strobe was delivered. We found that an increase in P100 latency to be an indicator of optic nerve compression. However, for this to be useful the diastolic blood pressure should not fall below 50 mmHg, the oxygen saturation should be maintained at 98 per cent and bleeding should be minimized during surgery. The changes in the amplitude of P100 was not found to be useful. While there is no substitute for learning endoscopic surgery by cadaveric dissection and supervised training we believe that in selected cases VEP monitoring can be employed with profit.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1996

Giant hamartoma of the oropharynx.

Giant polypoidal hamartomas of the pharynx and oesophagus are rare benign tumours of unknown origin, exceptionally arising from the oropharynx. We report the case of a 74-year-old man who developed sudden nausea and a foreign body sensation. Shortly afterwards he regurgitated a 25 x 3 x 1.5 cm pedunculated fleshy mass, still attached to the inside of his thorat. The patient was anaesthetised, the mass traced to the right tonsillar fossa and adjacent oropharyngeal wall. The pedicle was clamped and the lesion excised. Histology was consistent with a giant oropharyngeal hamartoma. We discuss the pathogenesis and potential complications of this condition. The literature is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Hearing loss following spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine.

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, degree and reversibility of hearing loss following spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine and secondarily to see if there is a relationship between post-spinal headache and hearing loss. A prospective series of 35 patients admitted for elective Caesarean section under a standardized spinal anaesthetic was investigated. Otolaryngological examination and pure tone audiometry in the frequency range 250 Hz to 8 KHz were done on the day before surgery and on post-operative days 1 and 5. Five patients developed a reversible sensorineural hearing loss (mean loss 14.6 dB). This loss was either unilateral (3) or bilateral (2) and affected the low frequencies in all five patients. The demographic data for both groups (i.e. no change in hearing/sensorineural loss) was similar for age, weight, height, blood pressure change and level of sensory block. There was no association found with post-spinal headache.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The expression of the MDM2 gene, a p53 binding protein, in thyroid carcinogenesis.

BACKGROUND: The authors previously found p53 mutations in 24% of malignant thyroid tumors, representing a wide stating spectrum. Overexpression of MDM2, most often due to gene amplification, has been suggested to be an additional mechanism for abrogation of the p53 function. In the current study, MDM2 gene expression and amplification were examined in a randomly selected subset of these tumors to explore the possibility that wild-type p53 may be inactivated by complexing with MDM2 in specimens without p53 mutations. METHODS: MDM2 gene expression and amplification were studied by Northern and Southern blot analysis, respectively. Twenty-two thyroid tumors were included: 16 papillary carcinomas, 1 follicular carcinoma, 3 anaplastic carcinomas, and 2 multinodular goiters (adenomatous goiters). RESULTS: A two- to threefold increase in MDM2 expression in 4 of 20 thyroid carcinomas was found. It was noteworthy that all of these four samples harbored p53 mutations. The association between increased MDM2 expression and p53 mutation was statistically significant (P < 0.005). No evidence of MDM2 gene amplification or rearrangement accounting for such an increase in MDM2 expression was found. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic and/or environmental factors contributing to random p53 mutations also may cause increased MDM2 expression. Given the moderate increase in MDM2 expression without associated genetic alterations such as gene amplification and rearrangement, MDM2 may not play any significant role in the development and progression of thyroid carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Mast cells in aural polyps: a preliminary report.

Mast cells are a rich source of potent biologically active mediators and are found in connective tissue, associated with blood vessels in many varied inflammatory conditions. Mast cells have been described in nasal polyps and turbinates and in adenoidal tissue in the upper aerodigestive tract. As the middle ear lining is contiguous with the nose and the nasopharynx, the presence of mast cells in aural polyps is interesting. This preliminary study investigated the presence of mast cells in inflammatory aural polyps using light microscopy. All patients presenting to the department in one year were included. Patients with previous ear disease or surgery and in whom cholesteatoma was suspected were excluded. Except for one patient mast cells were seen in all aural polyps. The implications of these findings is discussed. Further work is needed using electron microscopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The Bradford and Airedale baby hearing project. An assessment of the impact of screening on the earlier detection of infant hearing loss.

An infant screening programme based on auditory brain stem response testing (ABR) to detect hearing loss in high-risk babies has been introduced in West Yorkshire. In the 3 year period prior to the introduction of the screen hearing loss was diagnosed by the age of 9 months in only 12%. This increased to 85% for children screened by a high-risk register and ABR.

Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem↗
PubMed1995

Hearing loss in the 4-8 kHz range following tympanic membrane perforation from minor trauma.

This study looked at the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in the 4-8 kHz range in patients with unilateral tympanic membrane perforations from minor trauma who presented to the department in the past year. Eleven patients conformed to our inclusion criteria, one was lost to follow-up. Perforation was present in all patients in the pars tensa and no treatment was required in nine patients. The mean sensorineural hearing loss at 4,6 and 8 kHz was 28.2 dB on initial examination and 14.6 dB by Day 30. All 11 patients had normal hearing in the contra-lateral ear (mean 13.5 dB). In this group of patients with a tympanic membrane perforation from minor trauma the conductive hearing loss was accompanied by a significant (P = 0.001) but reversible high frequency sensorineural deafness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Anomaly of the facial nerve and cochlear implantation.

The incidence of preoperative damage to the facial nerve in cochlear implantation is very low. The course of the facial nerve is not routinely evaluated preoperatively, but variations in its course can restrict access to the round window and impede implantation. In 5 of 42 operations, direct visualization of the round window was not possible. In 1 patient there was an obvious congenital bifurcation. Successful implantation was made possible by mobilizing the nerve.

Adult↗