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Biomedical subjects

S S Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S S Jain.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Outcome of cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation following glaucoma filtration surgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of cataract extraction (CE) after glaucoma filtering surgery (GFS). METHODS: A total of 77 eyes (77 patients) who underwent CE with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation following GFS by a single surgeon were reviewed. Main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs), visual acuities, medications, astigmatism, bleb survival, time of surgical failure, complications, and success rate. RESULTS: Mean time interval between GFS and CE was 46.8+/-50.9 months (range, 2-348 months). The mean preoperative IOP was 13.9+/-4.7 mmHg (range 3-27 mmHg) and mean postoperative IOP at 3 weeks was 13.6+/-5.5 mmHg (range, 6-44 mmHg). The mean follow-up was 19.5+/-20.1 months (range, 1.4-73 months; median 10.6 months). Complete success was achieved in 59 eyes (76.7%). The cumulative probability of complete success was 91.3+/-3.7, 82.0+/-5.6 and 78.1+/-6.5% at the end of 6 months, 1, and 2 years, respectively. Visual acuity before CE was < or =20/50 in all eyes (100%). Visual acuity at last visit was > or =20/40 in 33 eyes (42.8 %), 20/50-20/80 in 30 eyes (39.0%), < or =20/100 in 14 eyes (18.2%). Risk factors identified for qualified success included age at CE>60 years, interval of < or =5 months between GFS and CE, use of preoperative glaucoma medications, and postoperative IOP >19 mmHg within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: IOP and bleb function was maintained after CE with PCIOL implantation following successful GFS with good visual recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Measuring professionalism in a physiatry residency training program.

A 12-item questionnaire modeled after the one prepared by the American Board of Internal Medicine dealing with professionalism was distributed to 122 physiatry residents representing six training programs, of whom 59% (72) responded. The mean item score on the survey was 7.7 (SD = 1.0) on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 represents the highest level of professionalism. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was found to be satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.75). A factor analysis of the questionnaire items resulted in three factors explaining 64% of the variance. These factors were: excellence, honor/integrity, and altruism/respect; Eigen values were 3.35, 2.37, and 1.31, respectively. These factors are similar to those obtained in the American Board of Internal Medicine survey. This similarity is a positive feature in ongoing efforts to develop a reliable tool for measuring professionalism in physiatry residency training.

Altruism↗
PubMed2001

Anterior capsular staining with trypan blue for capsulorhexis in mature and hypermature cataracts. A preliminary study.

PURPOSE: To study the efficacy and safety of 0.1% Trypan Blue dye to stain the anterior capsule for capsulorhexis in mature and hypermature cataracts. METHODS: This preliminary study included 25 eyes of 25 patients with a unilateral mature or hypermature cataract, including one case of traumatic mature cataract. In all these cases 0.2 ml of 0.1% trypan blue dye was used to stain the anterior capsule. The efficacy and safety of the dye was evaluated on the basis of intraoperative and postoperative observations. RESULTS: In all 25 eyes the capsulorhexis was completed. There was peripheral extension of the capsulorhexis in the eye with traumatic cataract and the stained edge of the anterior capsule helped identification and redirection of the capsulorhexis. Successful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed in all eyes. Adverse reactions related to the dye such as raised intraocular pressure, anterior chamber inflammation and endothelial damage were not observed in the immediate postoperative period or at the end of mean follow-up of 3 months. CONCLUSION: Trypan blue dye staining of the anterior capsule appears to be a very useful and safe technique that simplifies capsulorhexis in mature and hypermature cataracts.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Malignant melanoma of ciliary body: a case report.

Ocular malignant melanomas are infrequently seen in Indian patents and most them involve the choroid. Ciliary body malignant melanoma is rather rare. This case report illustrates an occurrence in an Indian patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Clinical dysautonomia in diabetes mellitus--a study with seven autonomic reflex function tests.

Thirty-eight patients of NIDDM, 12 of IDDM and 10 healthy age matched controls were subjected to seven standardised autonomic reflex function tests. A scoring criteria was utilised for diagnosing and grading the severity of dysautonomia. Eight patients of IDDM and 24 of NIDDM had dysautonomia. One-third of the patients in each group had grade IV autonomic dysfunction. Severity of autonomic dysfunction was directly related to the duration of disease in NIDDM whereas in IDDM this relation was not seen. Peripheral neuropathy was almost always associated with dysautonomia in NIDDM. On the contrary, in IDDM dysautonomia was independent of peripheral neuropathy. Charcot's arthopathy, dysphagia, constipation and nocturnal diarrhea were always associated with evidence of dysautonomia. Other symptoms viz. gustatory sweating, postural dizziness and impotence did not necessarily indicate dysautonomia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Clinical assessment of autonomic functions in anemics.

Sixty five anemics and 20 healthy control subjects carefully age and sex matched were subjected to seven standardised tests to evaluate autonomic status. Due care was taken to remove factors which could interfare with the results. Tests concerned with the basal parasympalhetec tone viz heart rate response to standing (p < 0.001) and intravenous atropine test (p < 0.05) showed significant difference which persisted with severity and type of anemia. Test requiring stimulation of the parasympathatic system i.e. deep breathing test, valsalva maneuver and carotid sinus massage did show not significant difference. No difference of significance was found with postural fall of blood pressure and sustained hand grip test, chiefly concerned with the sympathatic system. These results suggest that anemics have low basal parasympathatic outflow to increase the heart rate as compensatory mechanism. Stimulation of parasympathatic and sympathetic system arouse normal response.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Factors used by physical medicine and rehabilitation residency training directors to select their residents.

A 17-item questionnaire was designed to assess the relative importance of various factors to physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) training directors when ranking PM&R resident applicants during the National Resident Match. The questionnaire was sent to all PM&R residency training directors. The recipients were asked to grade most selection factors based on a numerical scale: 1, unimportant; 2, some importance; 3, important; 4, very important; 5, critical. The specific factors addressed in the questionnaire were: academic criteria, letters of recommendation, individual applicant characteristics and aspects of the interview process. Twelve yes-or-no questions were also designed to determine the weight that residency training directors place on certain academic criteria. A response rate of 88% (66/75) was obtained. The most important academic criteria were grades in a PM&R clerkship in their facility (4.1 +/- 0.8), followed by grades in a PM&R clerkship in another facility (3.6 +/- 0.9). The most important letters of recommendation were from a PM&R faculty member in the respondent's department (4.0 +/- 0.8), followed by the dean's letter (3.7 +/- 1.0) and the PM&R chairman's letter (3.7 +/- 1.0). The three most important applicant characteristics evaluated during the interview were compatibility with the program (4.4 +/- 0.8), the ability to articulate thoughts (4.2 +/- 0.8) and the ability to work with the team (4.2 +/- 0.8). Most program directors used multiple criteria to complete their rank list, but the most important were based upon the interview (4.5 +/- 0.9), letters of recommendation (3.7 +/- 0.9), medical school transcript (3.6 +/- 0.8) and the dean's letter (3.6 +/- 1.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1993

A method to assess the trainee profiles of medical students attracted to our physical medicine and rehabilitation residency training program.

A 35-item questionnaire was designed to assess the relative importance of various factors to medical students when ranking physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residency training programs. The questionnaire was used to assess the relative importance of the various factors to three groups of medical students: those who interviewed, those who matched and those who were listed on the match list of the UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School (NJMS) Department of PM&R, as well as our current residents. Recipients were asked to grade selection factors based on a numerical scale: 1, extremely important; 2, very important; 3, important; 4, minimally important; 5, not important. A response rate of 100% (n = 72 medical students + 25 residents) was attained. The analysis indicates that, overall, there is no significant difference in ranking of the factors by each of the four groups. However, the medical students who recently matched with the UMDNJ-NJMS PM&R program rated the opportunity to conduct research significantly higher than the current house staff or the medical students on the entire match list. This is a desirable result, as the program strives to provide an environment that is conducive to the growth of research and academic physiatrists. This questionnaire could also be used by other residency training directors to guide the development of their program and to gain valuable information regarding the perception of their program among in-coming residents and the importance of various factors to the students interested in their program.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1993

Chief residents in physiatry. Expectations v training.

A large majority of physical medicine and rehabilitation residencies have chief resident positions, but little has been written about the expectations of the program directors and the training of the chief resident to fulfill those expectations. A 20-item questionnaire was mailed to 73 program directors in physical medicine and rehabilitation in May 1992. The participants were asked about selection methods, their perception of the duties of the chief resident(s), their concerns about the chief resident(s) position, the training and the evaluation of the chief resident(s). An 85% (62/73) response rate was achieved. There was a chief resident position(s) in 98% of the programs responding. Chief resident selection was made mostly by appointment of the chairman and/or program director and/or the vote of the faculty. The program directors perceived the most important duties of the chief resident to be: act as a liaison between faculty and the residents, act as a role model, do scheduling, build teamwork and give constructive feedback. The most important skills were considered to be leadership and stress management. Causes of concern were time pressure, abuse of power, stress and work overload. Opportunities to develop leadership and administrative/management skills were considered the most exciting aspects of the position. It was surprising, however, that only 15 of 61 (25%) provided some formal training. Only 28 of 61 (46%) had a position description.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Selecting a physical medicine and rehabilitation residency.

A 35-item questionnaire, designed to assess the relative importance of various factors to medical students when ranking physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residency training programs during the Match, was sent to all members of the 1991 senior class after Match Day. This mailing was coordinated with the National Resident Matching Program. The questionnaire was also sent to all PM&R residency training program directors and all physiatrist faculty members at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey--New Jersey Medical School (UMDNJ-NJMS). Recipients were asked to grade selection factors based on a numerical scale: 1, extremely important; 2, very important; 3, important; 4, minimally important; 5, not important. A response rate of 41% (73/179) for medical students, 87% (62/71) for residency training directors and 71% (22/31) for UMDNJ-NJMS faculty members was attained. Analysis of the results indicates that, overall, there is no significant difference in ranking of the factors by each of the three groups surveyed. The intergroup responses for one-third of the factors were significantly different. Diversity of the training experience, current house officer satisfaction, it "feels" right and house officer quality were the four most important selection factors to the medical students.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1992

Current status of chairpersons in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

There are currently 77 academic departments, divisions or units of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) in the United States. The authors conducted a survey to develop a profile of the current chairpersons of PM&R, as well as to assess the short- and long-term needs of the field. The survey addressed basic demographic information as well as the level of formal training and/or experience in various management, patient care and academic areas. The level of satisfaction with various aspects of the position such as workload, relationship with the university and role as a researcher were also measured. The chairpersons were asked when they plan to vacate their position and if they felt there were any members of their faculty who are qualified and ready to assume a chairperson position. Those that identified a qualified individual were then asked whether the person had formal training and/or experience in the various management, patient care and academic areas. The results indicate that, although the chairpersons have a high level of job satisfaction with respect to the challenge of the position and their administrative and supervisory roles, they are least satisfied with their role as a researcher. The field must be concerned with this finding, because academic PM&R units in the United States will experience a substantial change in leadership by the end of the 20th century. Approximately 39% of the current chairpersons who returned the questionnaire are planning to step down by 1999, with an additional 37% unsure when they will vacate the position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Resident interest in physical medicine and rehabilitation fellowships. Results of a survey.

Physiatry, one of the six medical specialties that does not currently offer added or special qualification certification examinations, does not have accredited fellowships in potential subspecialty areas. These issues are currently being debated by the leadership organizations within physical medicine and rehabilitation such as the Association of Academic Physiatrists, the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Review Committee and the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Recent events, such as the establishment of funding agencies with an interest in medical rehabilitation research training, suggest that physiatric fellowships may become more available. A survey was conducted to determine whether physiatric residents desire postresidency training and, if interested, what type of additional training they would seek. This information could be used in formulating policies regarding the establishment, accreditation and certification of subspecialty fellowships within physical medicine and rehabilitation. Of 968 physiatric residents currently in training, 525 (54%) responded to a 22-question survey assessing resident interest regarding fellowship training, the different subspecialty areas, salary expectations, fellowship duration, preferred amount of time devoted to clinical v research work, mentorship, double boarding, accreditation, certification and a section for general comments. The results of the survey indicate considerable interest in fellowship training, which diminishes as residents approach graduation. Residents favored clinically oriented fellowships of 1-yr duration, which should be accredited and certified. Sports medicine was identified as the area of greatest subspecialty interest.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗