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Biomedical subjects

S S Kharnas

Publications and source records attributed to S S Kharnas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Intraoperative ultrasound investigation and laser spectroscopy for diagnosis of cancer in patients with lung tumors].

The experience in more than 2000 surgeries on the lungs is analyzed. Recently intraoperative ultrasonic and laser autofluorescent spectroscopic revision of tumors of the lungs and mediastinal organs is successfully used. Intrasurgical ultrasonic examination of the lungs permits to detect the structure and diffusion of primary lung tumor (invasion of vessels) that influences policy of treatment. Optical spectroscopy permits one to carry out intraoperative rapid diagnosis of benign and malignant lung tumors.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2006

[Corrective plastic surgeries as a conclusive stage of surgical treatment of patients with alimentary-and-constitutional obesity].

The authors performed analysis of Russian and foreign literature (64 items) dedicated to long-term postoperative problems following corrective plastic surgery for morbid obesity. The analysis shows that literature does not contain clear criteria for patient selection and timing of surgery, and does not provide sufficient coverage of plastic surgical techniques. There are no data on the rate of complications and complex preventive measures.

Bariatric Surgery↗
PubMed2003

[Diagnostic approach in mechanical jaundice, complicated by purulent cholangitis].

Up-to-date high-informative non-invasive diagnostic methods were used in 54 patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) complicated by purulent cholangitis (PC). Treatment-diagnostic algorithm can to improve results of diagnosis. This algorithm is the following: ultrasonic examination as a screening method; if a case of jaundice is unclear and obturation is prolonged magnetic-resonance tomography and magnetic-resonance cholangiopancreaticography are carried out; in block of a distal part of the common bile duct--spiral computed tomography with bolus amplification and duodenoscopy. Invasive diagnostic methods--endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTCG) are performed in buit indications in possibility to perform lithextraction and effective endoscopic decompression or in the tumor of Vater's papilla in case of low block. PTCG is used in high block and finished by percutaneous transhepatic bile outflow. General diagnostic efficacy of the complex in OJ was 97.8%. Diagnostic algorithm permitted us to make diagnosis and to start treatment in 85% during 1-2 days after hospitalization. Bile ducts decompression as a main stage of PC treatment was performed in the first 2 days after hospitalization. Diagnostic quest was performed at the same time with therapy after detoxication and correction of hemostasis disturbances.

Cholangitis↗
PubMed2003

[Ultrasonic technologies in diagnosis and treatment of patients with surgical diseases of lungs and pleura].

The results of complex examination and treatment of 376 patients with different diseases of the lungs and pleura were analyzed. High-frequency ultrasound was used in 256 patients for diagnosis of lungs and pleura surgical diseases, 412 ultrasonic examinations were performed. Intraoperative treatment of pleura with low-frequency ultrasound was carried out 134 times for prophylaxis and treatment of acute postoperative pleura empyema in 120 patients operated on for malignant tumors and chronic purulent diseases of the lungs. High efficacy of high-frequency ultrasound for diagnosis of pleura empyema, diffuse and encapsulated pleurisy is demonstrated. Ultrasound-assisted pleural punctures an transthoracic aspiration biopsies permit to avoid complications. Ultrasonic examination of the lungs during surgery in patient suspected of lung cancer permits to study tumor structure. Treatment of pleura with low-frequency ultrasound and combination of this method with photodynamic therapy promote reliable sanation of pleural cavity. Limited rethoracotomy and treatment of pleura with low-frequency ultrasound is the method of choice in the treatment of acute postoperative empyema when there is no effect of conservative treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

[Diagnosis and choice of surgery of non-parasitic cysts of the liver].

Results of treatment of 342 patients with non-parasitic cysts of the liver (NCL) were analyzed. Based on obtained data diagnostic algorithm was developed. Indications and contraindications for transcutaneous and laparoscopic methods in NCL are clarified and substantiated. Features of laparoscopic operations in different location of cysts are presented. In mini-invasive surgeries postoperative complications rate was minimum, there were no lethal outcomes. The authors believe that conventional surgeries in NCL should be performed in critical states only.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Combined use of low-frequency ultrasound and photodynamic therapy in the prevention of postoperative pleural empyema].

Results of surgical treatment of 20 patients with malignant lung tumors operated in N.N. Burdenko faculty surgical clinic were analyzed. The authors have developed the method of prophylaxis of acute postoperative pleural empyemas patented in Russian Federation. This method is: after main stage of operation (lob- or pneumonectomy) pleural cavity in filled with antiseptic solutions (furacillin 1:5000, 0.02% chlorgexidin). 5 ml of photosense (sulfured ftalocyanin of aluminium) were injected in pleural cavity, after it pleural cavity is treated by low-frequency ultrasound. After it the antiseptic is removed and pleural cavity is irradiated by red light with use of KAMIN-VIDEO lamp. In all the 20 operated patients who had undergone sanation of pleural cavity by low-frequency ultrasound and it irradiation by KAMIN-VIDEO lamp the postoperative period was uncomplicated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Resources of intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid gland diseases].

The method of intraoperative laser autofluorescent spectroscopy (IOLAS) has been developed and introduced in clinical practice for improvement of intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid gland diseases. 112 patients (17 men, 95 women, mean age 46.5 +/- 3.8) with various thyroid diseases were examined. Benign diseases were revealed in 96 (85.7%) patients, thyroid cancer--in 16 (14.3%). All the patients were operated. Rapid histologic examination and IOLAS were performed in all the patients. Main spectral characteristics and criteria of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid diseases were determined. High diagnostic value of this method was demonstrated. Results of IOLAS were compared with USI, thin-needle aspiration biopsy, express histologic examination. Sensitivity of IOLAS in differential diagnosis of malignant thyroid diseases achieves 95.4%, specificity--97.6%. IOLAS permits to clarify the morphology of thyroid lesions and to choice optimal scope of surgery. In accordance to IOLAS the scope of planned surgery was expanded in 18.2% cases that permitted to avoid repeated operations after elective histologic examination. It is concluded that the method may be used for optimisation of intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Obliterating arteriosclerosis of lower limb arteries and ischemic heart disease clinico-pathogenetic correlations].

To study clinical and pathogenetic correlations between different stages of arterial deficiency in obliterating atherosclerosis of lower limbs arteries (OALLA) and various clinical forms of ischemic heart disease (IHD) as well as the influence of different risk factors on OALLA clinical course in different arterial territories. The study included 76 OALLA patients (73 men and 3 women, mean age 56 years). The diagnosis was made on the basis of typical complaints, physical and device examinations. IHD was diagnosed on the basis of typical clinical symptoms and/or findings of the device examinations. OALLA and IHD differ by some risk factors. One of them--chronic alcoholism--is responsible for OALLA progression. This was shown by the analysis of chronic alcoholism prevalence in two groups of patients: with OALLA alone and OALLA in combination with IHD. In the former group alcoholics prevailed (61 vs 24.1%). Chronic alcoholism may be considered as an independent risk factor of OALLA development.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2000

[Laparoscopic and standard cholecystectomy: comparison of immediate results].

The advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LChE) are undoubtable in comparison with traditional one. However the experience showed, that LChE is not devoid of some shortcomings. It is characterized by the same typical complications as in ChE, besides it may be followed by some specific complications. The literature concerning the rate of complications in LChE are controversial. The comparative analysis has been carried out concerning the rate of complications after ChE (6800 operations) and LchE (900). The mean age of patients with choledocholythiasis--61.4 years. 40% of the patients had severe accompanying diseases coronary artery disease, complicated forms of arrythmia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity. There were no significant differences between patients who underwent ChE (group 1) and LChE (group 2) by their age and the rate of accompanying diseases. Intraoperative cholangiography was performed in 3.5% of cases of group 1 and in 1.1%--in group 2. The average rate of the operations on extrahepatic bile ducts in group 1 was also lower--choledocholithotomy was carried out in 2.7%, transduodenal papillosphyncterotomy--in 1.7% of cases, drainage of the choledochal duct--in 1.9%. Combined operations were carried out in 10% of patients of group 1 and in 9.1% cases of group 2. The rate of intraoperative bleedings which demanded repeated operations made up in patients of group 1 0.1%, in patients of group 2 0.5%. Intraoperative damage of the choledochal duct in group 1 were detected in 0.14% and in group 2--in 0.11% of cases (the only complication of LChE in a patient was assessed as a endogenous wall clipping).

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed2000

[Spectro-fluorescence analysis of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX in differential diagnosis of stomach disease].

The results of examination of 47 patients with confirmed diagnosis of cancer of the stomach (21 patients) or 26 suspects were analyzed. 2-4 hours after oral taking of Alasence in the dose 5-10 mg/kg, gastroscopy with spectrofluorescence analysis of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX was performed. There were no toxic complications due to Alasence taking. The standard spectrodetector LESA-7 was used for fluorescence record registration. The fluorescence spectra were recorded in the range of 650-850 nm. The specific for protoporphyrin IX peak at 700 nm wavelength was analyzed. Fluorescent endoscopic diagnosis allowed to confirm stomach cancer in 21 patients, and to detect cancer in 7 patients, including 2 cases of cancer in situ. The contrast of protoporphyrin IX accumulation (tumor/norm ratio) ranged from 2.5 to 18, that was enough for differential diagnosis in the majority of cases. In analysis of spectrograms for correct contrast calculation it is necessary to take into account the own fluorescence, with was high in some cases.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

[The functional results of distal subtotal gastric resections in cancer patients].

It was clinically proven that a gastrojejunostomy with Rue-type anastomosis, following the subtotal gastric resection has better functional results. This method does not cause as many late postoperative disorders as Billroth I and Billroth II operations. So, it is better to use the Rue-type anastomosis for treatment of distal stomach cancer stage I-III.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗