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S S Lal

Publications and source records attributed to S S Lal.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Improving tuberculosis control through public-private collaboration in India: literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics of public-private mix projects in India and their effect on case notification and treatment outcomes for tuberculosis. DESIGN: Literature review. DATA SOURCES: Review of surveillance records from Indian tuberculosis programme project, evaluation reports, and medical literature for public-private mix projects in India. DATA EXTRACTION: Project characteristics, tuberculosis case notification of new patients with sputum smear results positive for acid fast bacilli, and treatment outcome. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 24 identified public-private mix projects, data were available from 14 (58%), involving private practitioners, corporations, and non-governmental organisations. In all reviewed projects, the public sector tuberculosis programme provided training and supervision of private providers. Among the five projects with available data on historical controls, case notification rates were higher after implementation of a public-private mix project. Among seven projects involving private practitioners, 2796 of 12 147 (23%) new patients positive for acid fast bacilli were attributed to private providers. Corporate based and non-governmental organisations served as the main source for tuberculosis programme services in seven project areas, detecting 9967 new patients positive for acid fast bacilli. In nine of 12 projects with data on treatment outcomes, private providers exceeded the programme target of 85% treatment success for new patients positive for acid fast bacilli. CONCLUSIONS: Public-private mix activities were associated with increased case notification, while maintaining acceptable treatment outcomes. Collaborations between public and private providers of health care hold considerable potential to improve tuberculosis control in India.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge and attitude of college students in Kerala towards HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases and sexuality.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the spread of HIV and safe sexual practices has a critical impact on the prevention of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We assessed the knowledge of and attitude towards AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and sexuality among college students in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. METHODS: We performed a community-based, cross-sectional survey of 625 randomly selected undergraduate college students (164 boys, 461 girls, age 18-22 years). We administered a pretested, structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge and attitude of the students towards AIDS, STDs and sexuality. We generated knowledge and attitude scores from the student responses, and used multivariable linear regression to study the association of these scores with select predictor variables (notably gender and place of residence). RESULTS: All the students in our sample had heard about AIDS. However, only 45% knew that AIDS is not curable at present. Only 34% were aware of the symptoms of STDs, and 47% knew that STDs are associated with an increased risk of AIDS. In multivariable analyses, male students (p < 0.001), and urban residents (p = 0.006) demonstrated a higher knowledge of AIDS and STDs. Students from urban areas (p = 0.014) and those practising the Christian religion (p = 0.042) demonstrated more favourable attitudes towards AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified substantial lacunae in the knowledge of and attitude towards AIDS, STDs and sexuality among college students in Kerala. The gap in knowledge between boys and girls, and between rural and urban students suggests the need for targeting girls and rural areas in the national AIDS education and awareness campaigns.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of Glyzophrol on fertility of female black rats (Rattus rattus).

Mild degree of fibrosis, dilatation of blood vessels, haemorrhagic reactions in a few places, granulosa cells in stroma and no effect on maturation process of follicles were observed in ovary of 20 mg/kg of Glyzophrol treated rats. After 60 mg/kg of Glyzophrol treatment, ovary revealed reduction in number of follicles, degenerative changes in existing follicles, frequent proliferation of granulosa cells and fibrosis in stroma along with karyorrhexis, karyolysis and pyknosis in nuclei. Haemorrhage and dilated blood vessels in stroma were well marked, suggesting that ovarian vasculature was affected by glyzophrol. Ovary exhibited increase in activity of acid phosphatase after Glyzophrol treatment. Intense alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in entire ovarian tissue after Glyzophrol treatment.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of glyzophrol on fertility of female black rats (Rattus rattus).

A mild degree of fibrosis, dilatation of blood vessels, haemorrhagic reactions in a few places, granulosa cells in the stroma and no effect on the maturation process of follicles were observed in the ovaries of 20 mg/kg of Glyzophrol treated rats. After 60 mg/kg of Glyzophrol treatment, the ovary revealed a reduction in the number of follicles, degenerative changes in existing follicles, frequent proliferation of granulosa cells and fibrosis in the stroma, along with karyorrhexis, karyolysis and pyknosis in the nuclei. Haemorrhage and dilated blood vessels in the stroma were well marked, suggesting that ovarian vasculature was affected by Glyzophrol. The ovary exhibited an increase in the activity of acid phosphatase after Glyzophrol treatment. Intense alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the entire ovarian tissue after Glyzophrol treatment.

Acid Phosphatase↗