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S S Martin

Publications and source records attributed to S S Martin.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities in rat pancreas.

The membrane ATPase activities present in rat pancreas were studied to investigate the possible role of ATPase enzymes in HCO3(-) secretion in the pancreas. It was found that all the HCO3(-)-sensitive (anion-sensitive) ATPase activity was accountable as pancreatic mitochondrial ATPase, thus supporting the view that a distinct plasma membrane 'bicarbonate-ATPase' is not involved in HCO3(-) secretion in pancreas. A remarkably high Mg+- and CA2+-requiring ATPase activity (30 mumol ATP hydrolysed/min per mg) was found in the plasma membrane fraction (rho = 1.10-1.13). This activity has been characterized in some detail. It is inhibited by p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine, an affinity label analogue of ATP and the analogue appears to label covalently a protein of Mr approximately 35 000. The (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity did not form a 'phosphorylated-intermediate' and was vanadate-insensitive. These and other tests have served to demonstrate that the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity is different in properties from (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, (H+ + K+)-ATPase or mitochondrial H+-ATPase. Apart from the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of plasma membrane and mitochondrial ATPase, the only other membrane ATPase activities noted were (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, which occurred in the same fractions as the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-AtPase at rho = 1.10-1.13 and was of surprisingly low activity, and an ATPase activity in light membrane fractions (rho - 1.08-1.09) derived from zymogen granule membranes. At this time, therefore, there is no obvious candidate for an ATPase activity at the luminal surface of pancreatic cells which is directly involved in ion transport, but the results presented here direct attention to the high activity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase in the plasma membrane fraction.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1969

Mitochondrial autonomy: incorporation of monosaccharides into glycoprotein by isolated mitochondria.

Isolated intact mitochondria selectively incorporate monosaccharides from nucleotide diphosphate monosaccharides into protein. Fucose, mannose, glucose, and galactose were incorporated by the mitochondria into glycoprotein; xylose was not. Structural integrity of the mitochondria was not necessary for the incorporation of monosaccharide into glycoprotein; mitochondria broken by homogenization also incorporated monosaccharide. The monosaccharides incorporated into glycoprotein were localized in the inner mitochondrial membranes, the same membranes which contain the protein into which leucine is incorporated by the isolated mitochondria.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Verapamil: full spectrum calcium channel blocking agent: an overview.

Oral verapamil approved for use in all forms of angina, with its additional heart rate-controlling properties has undergone extensive clinical investigation and use since its initial development and has been demonstrated to be safe, well-tolerated and effective over a broad range of cardiovascular disorders. Further potential therapeutic indications for verapamil use remain to be assessed. Additional research with this exciting drug is ongoing.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residential drug abuse treatment research: are conventional control designs appropriate for assessing treatment effectiveness?

There has been renewed interest in residential drug abuse treatment research since the late 1980s. Earlier research employed control group designs. This article argues that for today's treatment research, the applicability of control groups created by either matched groups or by random sampling is limited. Four difficulties with control group designs are (1) client differences make assembling matched treatment and control groups untenable, (2) implementing random designs is practically impossible in field research, (3) there are ethical, political, and legal dilemmas in withholding treatment from a control group, and (4) randomly selected client populations will behave differently from the more realistic treatment circumstance involving client populations who are selected based on need and motivation. A more applicable perspective for drug abuse treatment research than the control group design needs to recognize that the client influences the treatment as well as that the treatment influences the client. Also, it must be understood that most clients view residential treatment as only one aspect of their life. Most importantly, individual differences must be taken into account when predicting outcome. A perspective that incorporates these concepts can use client history or baseline as its no-treatment comparative condition, and make use of multivariate analyses to help account for many other influences on outcome.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of a multistage therapeutic community for drug-involved offenders.

A multistage therapeutic community (TC) treatment program has been instituted in the Delaware correctional system. Components in place long enough to provide follow-up data consist of a TC in prison and a "transitional" TC outside the prison for parolees. Baseline data at release from prison, and outcome data six months after release were analyzed for 457 respondents. A group who had participated in neither of the TCs was compared to groups who had participated in the TC in prison only, the transitional TC only, or both TCs. The latter two groups had significantly lower rates of drug relapse and criminal recidivism, even when adjusted for other risk factors. There was also a reduction for the prison TC group, although more modest and statistically significant only when adjusted for baseline differences. Outcome benefits of the TC participation were also found for behaviors affecting the risk of HIV infection. The results support the efficacy of a multistage TC program and the importance of the transitional TC as a component.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cryotherapy: an effective modality for decreasing intraarticular temperature after knee arthroscopy.

Cryotherapy is a modality commonly used after arthroscopic procedures. We divided 17 patients into two groups after routine knee arthroscopy: 12 patients were immediately treated with ice and 5 control patients were treated without ice for the first hour. In all patients, thermocouple probes were placed intraarticularly into the lateral gutter of the knee. Ice was placed on the operative knees of the treatment group for 2 hours. The control group had no intervention for the 1st hour and then had ice applied for the 2nd hour. Temperatures were continually recorded every minute for 2 hours. The temperature in the treatment group declined significantly, by 2.2 degrees C (95% confidence interval [-3.6 degrees C, -0.72 degrees C]) over the 1st hour and by 0.79 degrees C (95% CI [-1.8 degrees C, 0.18 degrees C]) over the 2nd hour (P = 0.008). The temperature in the control group increased significantly, by 5.0 degrees C (95% CI [2.4 degrees C, 7.5 degrees C]) over the 1st hour (P = 0.006). After ice was applied, the temperature fell significantly, by 4.0 degrees C (95% CI [-8.3 degrees C, 0.26 degrees C]) (P = 0.06). The difference between the temperature decrease in the treatment group and the increase in the control group at 60 minutes was 7.1 degrees C. This is the first rigorously conducted study in human patients that documents a statistically significant decline in intraarticular knee temperature with the application of ice and compression to the skin. The mechanism by which cryotherapy acts must therefore include the cooling effect on the intraarticular environment and synovium.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of medication noncompliance in a sample of older adults.

The subjects were 1028 respondents from a randomly selected sample of independently living adults aged 55 years and older in the southeastern United States. Data on background characteristics, physical health, life satisfaction, psychological distress, and medication compliance were gathered from structured interviews. Among the 785 subjects in the analysis who were taking prescribed medications, 75% were women, 83% were white, their median income was $12,500 annually, 66% lived alone, their mean age was 73.9 years, and their mean number of years of education was 11.4. Twenty-one percent of all respondents taking medications had been noncompliant during the month preceding the study interview. Noncompliance with prescribed medications was significantly associated with higher socioeconomic status (P < 0.01), greater number of prescribed medications (P < 0.01), and higher psychological stress (P < 0.05). There was no relationship between compliance and living arrangements, health, life satisfaction, number of illnesses, age, or sex.

Aged↗