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Biomedical subjects

S S Shim

Publications and source records attributed to S S Shim.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Blood supply of the knee joint. A microangiographic study in children and adults.

The knee joint blood supply is derived from a rich anastomosis of the five major constant arteries, namely, the superior medial and lateral, the middle (posterior), and the inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries. Anastomosis also occurs with descending genicular arteries and the anterior tibial recurrent artery. These branches form anastomoses in and around the knee joint, while each major vessel was noted to provide the respective major blood supply to specific areas. The most obvious difference between vascularization of child and adult knees was the separation of vessels and relative avascularity of epiphyseal plate areas; such persisted until closure of the epiphyseal plate. The regions representing the seals of plate closure had less rich vascularization. A rich intraosseous blood supply was defined in the femoral and tibial condyles and the patella. Similarly, the adjacent and superficial soft tissues, including major ligaments and peripheral parts of the menisci, were richly vascularized. Areas of separated vascularization in children may have relevance to epiphyseal injury, growth deformity, Osgood-Schlatter disease, and hematogenous osteomyelitis. In adults, such information may be relevant to high tibial osteotomy, meniscus and cruciate ligament repair, and surgery utilizing the semitendinosus tendon, fascia lata, or patella tendon grafts.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The vascular and nerve supply of the human meniscus.

Twenty-three fresh, cadaver knees were studied to evaluate details of the vascular and nerve supply of the menisci in humans. Vascularity was investigated using dye and latex injections, and the nerve supply was studied microscopically using a variety of special stains. Vessels arise mainly from medial and lateral inferior and middle geniculate arteries. Radial branches from a perimeniscal plexus enter the meniscus at intervals, with a richer supply to the anterior and posterior horns. Vessels supplying the body are limited to the peripheral one-third, except in the fetus. There is an avascular area adjacent to the popliteus tendon. The perimeniscal tissue is richly innervated. Most nerves are associated with vessels. Smaller nerves and axons run radially in convoluted patterns. Single axons course through the perimeniscal tissue, and many nerves are seen in the interstitial tissue of the outer one-third of the meniscus and in the anterior and posterior horns. The inner two-thirds has no nerve fibers.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The iliopsoas muscle pedicle bone graft: an experimental study of femoral head vascularity after subcapital fractures and hip dislocations.

Distal iliopsoas muscle pedicle bone graft was investigated in dogs to determine whether a collateral blood supply to the femoral head can develop after displaced femoral neck fractures and dislocation of the hip joint. Microangiography performed in cadavers showed good vascularity of the muscle pedicle graft and similar studies in dogs showed that when transferred to the anterior femoral neck, the iliopsoas muscle pedicle graft healed with an ingrowth of vessels across the graft site. Microangiographic and histologic studies in dogs showed that the procedure could maintain the vascularity and viability of the grafted femoral head. Consequently, an iliopsoas muscle pedicle bone graft can provide a vascular supply to a compromised femoral head and may be applied in both the prevention and treatment of avascular necrosis of the injured femoral head.

Angiography↗
PubMed1984

Effect of the high femoral osteotomy upon the vascularity and blood supply of the hip joint.

This investigation was done to study the effects of high femoral osteotomy upon the vascularity and blood supply of the hip and to further our knowledge of its physiologic basis. We have used established methods of study, including bone scans, microangiography, isotope clearance and perosseous venography, and based upon the results of these studies, we have reached certain conclusions. First, high femoral osteotomy increases the blood flow and vascularity in the hip joint, the femoral head and neck and the great trochanter. Second, bone scanning techniques using 99mTc labeled diphosphonate have shown increased uptake in the femoral head and neck after high femoral osteotomy. The localization was done using a Digital Gamma III computer, and the activity on the osteotomy side at two weeks was 3.5 times as great as on the control side. By 16 weeks postoperatively, there was still two times as much activity on the osteotomy side. Third, microangiography showed increased vascularity both at the osteotomy site and in the femoral head and neck and the greater trochanter on that side. Such an increase in vascularity first became evident two weeks after osteotomy and persisted during the four month period studied. Fourth, the results of the 99mTc diphosphonate clearance study showed a 25 per cent increase in femoral head blood flow on the operative side. Fifth, perosseous venography of the femoral head and neck showed a marked increase in venous drainage through the osteotomy site in the immediate postosteotomy stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Circulatory and vascular changes in the hip following innominate osteotomy: an experimental study.

The circulatory and vascular changes in the hip following Salter-type innominate osteotomy were studied in 35 dogs to determine the effects of innominate osteotomy on the blood supply of the hip joint. Microangiography, bone scanning, and isotope clearance were employed four months after the innominate osteotomy. Microangiography showed increased vascularity at the osteotomy site, in the ipsilateral side acetabulum, and in the femoral head in 65% of the dogs. Bone scanning with 99mTc diphosphonate showed increased activity at the osteotomy site, in the acetabulum, and in the femoral head and neck in 75% of the dogs. The 99mTc diphosphonate clearance studies showed that the blood supply to the femoral head was increased by almost 30% after innominate osteotomy in 50% of the dogs studied. These observations indicate that innominate osteotomy could increase the vascularity and blood supply of the hip by increasing the collateral circulation in the process of healing of the osteotomy. The physiologic basis of the joint to innominate osteotomy constitutes a rational basis for recommending the operation for the treatment of selected cases of congenital hip dislocation, Legg-Perthes disease of the femoral head, and degenerative osteoarthritis of the hip with or without acetabular dysplasia.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1979

Circulatory and vascular changes in the hip following traumatic hip dislocation.

An experimental study of the extraosseous and intraosseous vascular and circulatory changes following traumatic hip dislocation in dogs and rabbits is reported. The observations were made by dissection, angiography and histology following posterior dislocation and reduction at varying intervals. Traumatic dislocation of the hip causes extraosseous circulatory disturbance in the hip resulting in intraosseous circulatory deficiency in the femoral head. The sites of the vascular lesions are the extraosseous branches of the femoral circumflex arteries and their extraosseous branches of the epiphyseal and metaphyseal arteries and the retinacular artery of the circulus vasculosus articularis. The types of the vascular damage are irreversible tear of the minority of vessels along the ruptured capsule and teres ligament, and the compression, traction and spasm of the majority of intact vessels which are reversible by early reduction. In prolonged dislocation the circulatory disturbance persists or worsens due to additional pathological changes such as posttraumatic inflammatory changes, fixed deformity in the dislocated position, thrombosis, fibrosis and occlusion of vessels which may eventually cause an ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. Early reduction within several hours after dislocation restores nearly normal regional anatomy and relieves vessels from compression, traction or spasm and restores extra and intraosseous circulation. It also prevents or minimizes thrombosis, fibrosis and occlusion of vessels and avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

J. Edouard Samson Address: the autonomic nerve supply of bone. An experimental study of the intraosseous adrenergic nervi vasorum in the rabbit.

The anatomy of the autonomic sympathetic vasomotor nerve supply of bone was studied in rabbits by methods of histochemistry, and fluorescent and electron microscopy. Our observations show that the intraosseous vessels are richly supplied by adrenergic nerves. The large primary nerves are located on or about the surface of the vessel; the medium sized secondary nerves spiral around the long axis of vessels lying more deeply in the tunica adventitia; and the fine tertiary nerves form a rich plexus at the outer area of the tunica media. The tertiary nerves have various structures which probably contain neurotransmitter substance--that is, noradrenaline--and function as neuro-vasomuscular synapses. The sympathetic nerve supply of bone originates from the appropriate ganglion, and in the case of the tibial diaphysis it descends through the sciatic nerve and thereafter mainly through the medial popliteal nerve and enters the bone alongside the nutrient artery.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1977

Blood supply of the head of the femur in traumatic hip dislocation.

Traumatic dislocation of the hip causes circulatory embarrassment in the femoral head in both adult and immature rabbits. Damage to the extraosseous epiphyseometaphyseal vessels of blood supply and drainage is a major causative factor. Disturbance of circulation is most severe in immature rabbits and worsens with continued dislocation to finally reach a maximum within a period of 24 hours. In adult rabbits, the intraosseous epithyseo-metaphyseal anastomoses across the obliterated growth plate minimize the effects of damage to the extraosseous epiphyseal nutrient system. Early reduction of the dislocated hip enhances early and complete recovery of blood supply to the femoral head. Reduction of the dislocated hip delayed to 12 hours or longer does not benefit the rate and extent of the circulatory recovery of the femoral head. Histologically demonstrable aseptic necrosis of the femoral head occurs in the majority of rabbits, regardless of skeletal maturity or reduction. It is more common and extensive in immature rabbits. Abnormal roentgenologic features within the femoral head are observed infrequently between five and ten weeks after dislocation, despite the high incidence of aseptic necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Mechanicla properties and mineral content of avascular and revascularizing cortical bone.

The mechanical properties of avascular and revascularizing bone and their mineral content were studied in thirty adult dogs. The strength and mineral content of avascular bone decreased in the early phase of avascular necrosis, and with revascularization the bone-mineral content increased but the mechanical strength decreased further. In the normal bone the mechanical strength increased with an increase in mineral content.

Animals↗