Biomedical subjects

S S Sun

Publications and source records attributed to S S Sun.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Observation of a broad 1-- resonant structure around 1.5 GeV/c2 in the K+K- mass spectrum in J/psi-->K+K-pi0.

A broad peak is observed at low K+K- invariant mass in J/psi-->K+K-pi(0) decays found in a sample of 5.8x10(7) J/psi events collected with the BESII detector. The statistical significance of the broad resonance is much larger than 5sigma. A partial wave analysis shows that the J;{PC} of this structure is 1--. Its pole position is determined to be [1576(-55)(+49)(stat)-91+98(syst)] MeV/c(2)-i/2[818(-23)(+22)(stat)-133+64(syst)] MeV/c(2). These parameters are not compatible with any known meson resonances.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Measurements of the branching fractions for psi(3770)-->D(0)D[over ](0), D+D-, DD[over ], and the resonance parameters of psi(3770) and psi(2S).

We measure the branching fractions for psi(3770)-->D(0)D[over ](0), D+D-, DD[over ], and non-DD[over ] to be (46.7+/-4.7+/-2.3)%, (36.9+/-3.7+/-2.8)%, (83.6+/-7.3+/-4.2)%, and (16.4+/-7.3+/-4.2)%, respectively. The resonance parameters of psi(3770) and psi(2S) are measured to be M_(psi(3770))=3772.2+/-0.7+/-0.3 MeV, Gamma_(psi(3770))(tot)=26.9+/-2.4+/-0.3 MeV, and Gamma_(psi(3770))(ee)=251+/-26+/-11 eV; M_(psi(2S))=3685.5+/-0.0+/-0.3 MeV, Gamma_(psi(2S))(tot)=331+/-58+/-2 keV, and Gamma_(psi(2S))(ee)=2.330+/-0.036+/-0.110 keV. We also measure the light hadron R value to be R(uds)=2.262+/-0.054+/-0.109 in the energy region from 3.660 to 3.872 GeV.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Unique and common genetic effects between bone mineral density and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measures: the Fels Longitudinal Study.

INTRODUCTION: Areal bone mineral density (BMD) and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures are correlated, and both traits predict osteoporotic fracture risk independently. However, few studies have examined whether common genetic effects (i.e., pleiotropy) exist between these traits in extended families. In this study, we estimated the additive genetic correlation and random environmental correlation between BMD measured at various skeletal sites and calcaneal QUS measures. METHODS: Our sample included 537 adults (251 men and 286 women) from 110 families participating in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total body BMD were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Three measures of calcaneal structure--broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), and quantitative ultrasound index (QUI)--were collected from the non-dominant heel using the Sahara sonometer. Applying a variance components-based maximum likelihood method, we estimated the heritability of each trait and estimated the genetic and environmental correlations between the different BMD and QUS measures. RESULTS: Heritability estimates were significant for all measures of BMD and QUS ranging from 0.55 to 0.78. Significant non-zero genetic correlations were found between the different BMD and QUS measures. All genetic correlations were also significantly different from 1. Genetic correlations between total hip BMD and each of the QUS measures were 0.63 with BUA, 0.50 with SOS, and 0.56 with QUI. For femoral neck BMD, genetic correlations were similar to those between total hip BMD and QUS measures. Genetic correlations between BMD of the lumbar spine and QUS measures ranged from 0.34 to 0.38, and those between total body BMD and QUS measures, from 0.51 to 0.54. In contrast, all random environmental correlations were not significantly different from zero. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that BMD and calcaneal QUS measures among healthy men and women are significantly heritable and are, in part, jointly influenced by a common set of underlying genes. Additionally, this study also provides evidence for a unique set of genes that independently influences each individual trait.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed2006

Lipids, lipoproteins, lifestyle, adiposity and fat-free mass during middle age: the Fels Longitudinal Study.

INTRODUCTION: Although lipid profiles tend to worsen with age, it is not fully known if such age-related changes are influenced primarily by body composition and lifestyle or by other aspects of aging. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the extent to which the fat and fat-free components of body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors influence patterns of change in lipids independent of age. DESIGN: Serial data were analyzed using sex-specific longitudinal models. These models use serial data from individuals to assume a general pattern of change over time, while allowing baseline age and the rate of change to vary among individuals. SUBJECTS: Serial data were obtained from 940 examinations of 269 healthy white participants (126 men, 143 women), aged 40-60 years, in the Fels Longitudinal Study. MEASUREMENTS: Measurements included age, the fat (FMI) and fat-free mass (FFMI) components of BMI, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting glucose and insulin, physical activity, alcohol use and smoking, and women's menopausal status and estrogen use. RESULTS: In both sexes, increased FMI was significantly associated with increased LDL-C, TG and TC, and decreased HDL-C. Increased FFMI was significantly related to decreased HDL-C and increased TG. Independent age effects remained significant only for LDL-C and TC in men and TC in women. Increased insulin was significantly related to increased TG in women. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with higher HDL-C in men. Physical activity lowered male LDL-C and TC levels, and increased female HDL-C levels. Menopause was associated with increases in LDL-C. Premenopausal women not using estrogen had significantly lower HDL-C, TG, and TC than postmenopausal women taking estrogen. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Age is an important independent predictor for LDL-C and TC in men, and TC in women, but it is not as influential as body composition and lifestyle on HDL-C and TG in men and women, and LDL-C in women. (2) Increasing FMI is the major contributor to elevated TC, LDL-C and TG levels, and decreased HDL-C levels in men and women. (3) FFMI significantly influences HDL and TG levels in both sexes. (4) Maintaining a lower BMI via a reduced fat component may be more beneficial in lowering CVD risks than other factors.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Observation of a resonance in Chi(1835) in J/psi --> gammapi+ pi- eta-.

The decay channel J/psi --> gamma(pi)(+)pi(-)eta is analyzed using a sample of 5.8 x 10(7) J/psi events collected with the BESII detector. A resonance, the Chi(1835), is observed in the pi(+)pi(-)eta invariant-mass spectrum with a statistical significance of 7.7 sigma. A fit with a Breit-Wigner function yields a mass M = 1833.7 +/- 6.1(stat) +/- 2.7(syst) MeV/c(2), a width Tau = 67.7 +/- 20.3(stat) +/- 7.7(syst) MeV/c(2), and a product branching fraction B(J/psi --> gammaChi) . B(Chi --> pi(+)pi(-)eta) = [2.2 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.4(syst)] x 10(-4). The mass and width of the Chi(1835) are not compatible with any known meson resonance. Its properties are consistent with expectations for the state that produces the strong pp mass threshold enhancement observed in the J/psi --> gammapp process at BESII.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

The availability of body composition reference data for the elderly.

A significant public health issue is the nutritional, functional and health status of the elderly, many of whom live to very old ages, and three-quarters are living in developing countries. The assessment of health and nutritional status for the elderly needs improving in order to reduce health care costs. Health, function, disease and disability are associated with amounts of bone, fat and muscle in the body s composition. The ability to screen elderly persons for osteoporosis, obesity or sarcopenia requires normal distributions of measures of stature, weight and body composition in old age. Distribution statistics and selected percentiles for stature and weight are available from national health surveys in numerous countries. There are also numerous sets of body composition data collected from elderly persons around the world. These data sets provide important and valid descriptive information as a supplement to national reference data sets. The largest available data set for the elderly is the NHANES III, but in terms of numbers, the NHANES III sample of elderly is limited to availability of the 25th and 75th percentiles levels for stature, weight and BMI from 60 to 90 years of age for non-Hispanic Whites, and from 60 to 79 years of age for non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Evaluation of the effects of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with brain involvement by Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT.

Methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT) was introduced to avoid life-threatening complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with brain manifestations; however, the efficacy of MPT in SLE patients with brain involvement is still uncertain and needs to be objectively evaluated. We enrolled 15 female SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations in this study. All patients had normal brain MRI and abnormal brain HMPAO-SPECT findings. Follow-up HMPAO-SPECT studies were conducted 2 weeks after MPT. Serum levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and anti-ribosomal P antibodies (anti-P) were measured before and after MPT. Before MPT, 7 patients were positive for ACA and 7 patients were positive for anti-P. After MPT, none of the 15 patients demonstrated positive serologic findings or neuropsychiatric manifestations. Based on the follow up brain HMPAO-SPECT images following MPT, 13 patients showed disappearance of the perfusion defects and 2 patients showed partial recovery of rCBF. Brain HMPAO-SPECT imaging is a logical and objective tool for measuring the effects of MPT in SLE patients with brain involvement by determining of changes in rCBF.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Usefulness of thallium-201 muscle scan to investigate perfusion reserve in the lower limbs of patients with systemic lupus erythematusus.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may develop premature atherosclerosis, notably peripheral vascular disease presenting with intermittent claudication or gangrene. This study evaluates the usefulness of thallium-201 muscle perfusion scan (Tl-201 muscle scan) for investigating perfusion reserve in the lower limbs of 25 asymptomatic, female SLE patients without peripheral ischemia findings. The patients showed no evidence of peripheral arterial disease in history, physical examination, or Doppler ultrasonography. A control group consisted of 24 healthy, age-matched women. Each subject flexed her right foot maximally both dorsally and plantarly 60 times. In the middle of this exercise, 2 mCi of Tl-201 was injected intravenously. Three minutes after the injection, a posterior image of both calves was obtained using a gamma camera. Rectangular regions of interest were symmetrically drawn over both calves. The total count in the resting calf was subtracted from the total count in the exercising calf, and the percentage of increase, termed the perfusion reserve, was determined. A significant difference was found between the perfusion reserves of the SLE patients and control groups (75.3+/-8.9% and 99.6+/-9.0%, respectively, P <0.05). In conclusion, perfusion reserve in the lower limb muscles of SLE patients may be measured by Tl-201 muscle perfusion scan.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Using 99mTc HMPAO brain SPECT to evaluate the effects of anticoagulant therapy on regional cerebral blood flow in primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome patients with brain involvement-a preliminary report.

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ((99m)Tc HMPAO) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to evaluate the effects of anticoagulant therapy (ACT) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (PAPS). Sixteen female PAPS patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations and hypoperfusion lesions demonstrated on initial (99m)Tc HMPAO brain SPECT images were enrolled in this study. Follow-up (99m)Tc HMPAO brain SPECT images were performed 1 month after ACT. Meanwhile, serum anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were measured before and after ACT. Before ACT, 14 (87.5%) patients had positive ACA. After ACT, all 16 PAPS patients showed decreased serologic findings, and their neuropsychiatric manifestations subsided. After ACT, 11 (68.8%) patients showed complete recovery of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and five (31.2%) patients showed partial recovery in the follow-up (99m)Tc HMPAO brain SPECT images. This type of imaging is a logical and objective tool for measuring the effects of ACT in PAPS patients with brain involvement by determining changes in rCBF.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Regaining consciousness for prolonged comatose patients with right median nerve stimulation.

During the past half year, we have utilized right median nerve stimulation (produced by Empi. Co. USA) to awaken consciousness of patients on 6 cases, 2 with brain trauma, one with aneurysm rupture, one with hemorrhagic stroke and two with hypoxic encephalopathy. The comatose duration ranged from 6 to 17 weeks. All patients underwent SPECT scan for cerebral perfusion evaluation and neurotransmitter quantification before and after the stimulation. The stimulation time lasted from 8 to 10 hours on daytime. The stimulation persisted for 3 months in all patients. Four patients recovered from the consciousness within 35 days. There was no obvious clinical improvement in two patients. Brain perfusion increased in all cases through the SPECT study after stimulation. The elevation of neurotransmitter in CSF was found in 5 out of the 6 cases. Median nerve stimulation elevates the cerebral blood flow and may influence the patient's consciousness. Young patients (<40 years old) had better results than old patients. The stimulation could be initiated if the patient's acute stage was over. In our series, although increase in cerebral blood flow was found in all cases, some patients did not regain consciousness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Left ventricular cavity-to-myocardium count ratio in exercise and resting technetium-99m-tetrofosmin SPECT: correlation with left ventricular function.

The aim of this study was to assess the value of the cavity-to-myocardium count ratio (C/M ratio) calculated in exercise and resting technetium-99m (Tc-99m) tetrofosmin single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images to identify patients with depressed exercise and resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We studied 60 patients with recent coronary artery diseases (CAD) undergoing first-pass ventriculography to calculate LVEF and myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging to calculate left ventricular C/M ratios. The group A of 30 CAD patients with higher LVEF (> or = 40%) had significant higher C/M ratios than the group B of 30 CAD patients with abnormal LVEF (< 40%) during exercise and rest. However, C/M ratios between exercise and rest did not differ significantly in the both groups A and B. There is significant correlation between exercise/rest LVEF and exercise/rest C/M ratios. Tc-99m tetrofosmin C/M ratios calculated SPECT perfusion images are useful parameters in identifying patients with depressed LVEF in CAD patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Growth hormone receptors in the porcine testis during prepuberty.

Supplementation of exogenous growth hormone (GH) during prepuberty advances onset of spermatogenesis in boars, but the mechanism of action is unknown. The present study is an investigation of the presence and characteristics of testicular growth hormone receptors (GHR). A total of 36 boars were castrated, three boars every 10 days, between the ages of 10 and 120 days. Testicular membrane preparations of 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100 and 120-day-old boars were used to determine (125)I-bGH binding and Scatchard analysis. Liver from a 60-kg barrow was used for comparison. Specific (125)I-bGH binding to testicular membrane preparations occurred in all age groups with the exception of 20-day-old boars at levels of 30-40% of liver binding. At 30 days of age the unlabelled bGH at 1.1 ng/tube achieved half maximal inhibition (ID(50)). Results of Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of binding sites. Binding affinity was 2.89 x 10(9) m with a binding capacity of 12 fmole/mg membrane protein. The results from this study suggest that GH may act directly on the cells of the prepubertal boar testis.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

The cost effectiveness of dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan in detecting thyroid cancer for evaluating thyroid nodules with equivocal fine-needle aspiration results: the preliminary Taiwanese experience.

The purposes of this study were to assess the helpfulness of dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan for differentiating malignant from benign thyroid lesions in cases of thyroid nodules with equivocal fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy results. In addition, for thyroid nodules with equivocal FNA biopsy results, we try to make a decision analysis model compared the FNA biopsy alone strategy (strategy A) with decision strategy for the assistance of dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan (strategy B) before diagnostic thyroidectomy as thyroid cancer evaluation strategies for hypothetical cohorts of estimated 17,280-29,160 Taiwanese patients/per year with equivocal FNA biopsy results. Based on the findings of surgical histopathology, dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 90%, and 96%, respectively, in cases of 27 thyroid nodules with equivocal FNA biopsy results. In cost effectiveness analysis, the strategy B showed a cost saving of 16,340,480-27,574,560 US dollars in unnecessary diagnostic thyroidectomy cost. The total cost of strategy B showed a cost saving of 13,932,232-23,520,564 US dollars than that of strategy A. The preliminary data indicate that dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan can save the cost of unnecessary diagnostic thyroidectomy in Taiwanese patients with equivocal FNA biopsy results. In addition, we may provide a noninvasive diagnostic method--dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan, as the first priority for Taiwanese patients with equivocal FNA biopsy before diagnostic thyroidectomy under the coverage of the national health insurance system in Taiwan.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Self-assembly organometallic squares with terpyridyl metal complexes as bridging ligands.

A series of novel heterometallic square complexes with the general molecular formulas [fac-Br(CO)(3)Re[mu-(pyterpy)(2)M]](4)(PF(6))(8) and [(dppf)Pd[mu-(pyterpy)(2)Ru]](4)(PF(6))(8)(OTf(8) (4), where M = Fe (1), Ru (2), or Os (3), pyterpy is 4'-(4' "-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2' '-terpyridine, dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene and OTf is trifluoromethanesulfonate, were prepared by self-assembly between BrRe(CO)(5) or (dppf)Pd(H(2)O)(2)(OTf)(2) and (pyterpy)(2)M(PF(6))(2). The obtained NMR spectra, IR spectra, electrospray ionization mass spectra, and elemental analyses are all consistent with the proposed square structures incorporating terpyridyl metal complexes as bridging ligands. Multiple redox processes were observed in all square complexes. All four complexes display strong visible absorptions in the region 400-600 nm, which are assigned as metal (Fe, Ru, or Os)-to-ligand (pyterpy) charge transfer (MLCT) bands. Square 3 exhibits an additional weak band at 676 nm, which is assigned to an Os-based (3)MLCT band. For each complex, the bands centered between 279 and 377 nm are assigned as pyterpy-based pi-pi bands and the Re-based MLCT band. Square 3 is luminescent in room-temperature solution, while squares 1, 2, and 4 do not have any detectable luminescence under identical experimental conditions.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Correlation between P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in parathyroid and Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid image findings.

The major factor to influence localization of parathyroid adenomas is tumor size. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in parathyroid adenomas has been considered to be an another possible factor to influence localization of parathyroid adenomas because false-negative studies have been reported with large tumors and true-positives reported with very small tumors in previous studies. The aim of this study was to characterize Tc-99m MIBI uptake and retention by parathyroid adenomas and to correlate this with cell surface expression of P-gp. Sixteen patients with parathyroid adenoma (larger than 1.5 gm) underwent dual-phase (10min and 2hr) Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid image immediately before parathyroid exploration. Tissues were obtained from normal and abnormal parathyroid glands and from the thyroid gland. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was obtained with monoclonal antibodies to identify P-gp expression in all tissues. All of the 16 parathyroid adenomas and 32 normal control specimens (16 normal parathyroid and 16 normal thyroid specimens) were submitted for P-gp detection by IHC. The dual-phase Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid image accurately localized 14 parathyroid adenomas, but not the remaining 2 adenomas. The 14 parathyroid adenomas with significant Tc-99m MIBI uptake in delayed 2hr images revealed negative P-gp expression, but the 2 adenomas without significant Tc-99m MIBI uptake, as well as normal parathyroid and normal thyroid specimens, revealed positive P-gp expression when evaluated by IHC. Not only the size of parathyroid adenomas, but also significant P-gp expression limited the sensitivity of dual-phase Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid image to localize parathyroid adenomas before operation.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed2001

Molecular cloning and the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of Narcissus tazetta isolectins.

Recently several complete cDNAs encoding the Narcissus tazetta lectins (NTL) were cloned. The sequence analyses of the cloned DNAs reveal that there are at least three unidentical positive clones for NTLs. The primary structure of the three NTL clones contains a mature polypeptide consisting of 105 amino acids and a C-terminal peptide extension beyond the C-terminal amino acids Thr-Gly. There are two fixed-position cysteines within the protein domain (amino acids 29 and 52), which are probably involved in the disulfide-bond linkage within the molecules to confer the secondary structure of the mature lectin. One third of the deduced amino acid composition consisted of glycine, leucine, and asparagine. From the cDNA-derived amino acid sequences the three NTL clones are not identical and are suggested to be isolectins present in N. tazetta var. chinensis. This study further confirms the previous isolation of mannose-specific isolectins from Chinese daffodil leaves.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2001

The higher likelihood of developing cardiomegaly during follow-up in patients with syndrome X and abnormal thallium-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT.

'Syndrome X' describes patients with exertional chest pain and a normal coronary arteriogram. In some patients, acute myocardial ischemia can be demonstrated by regional myocardial perfusion defects on thallium-201 exercise test. However, some patients with typical angina have normal perfusion on thallium-201 heart scintigraphy. It is not clear whether there are different prognoses for patients with normal and abnormal thallium studies. In this study, the clinical features, long term follow-up and clinical results of syndrome X patients with normal and abnormal thallium studies were evaluated to determine the differences between these two groups. Fifty-nine patients (52 males, seven females, mean age 62+/-6 years) with syndrome X were enrolled and divided into two groups on the basis of results of thallium-201 heart scintigraphy. Group I was comprised of 22 patients with normal thallium-201 perfusion scan and group II was comprised of 37 patients with abnormal thallium-201 heart scan. All subjects received coronary arteriography, exercise test, thallium-201 myocardial SPECT, ejection fraction of left ventricle, echocardiography, blood analysis and long term follow-up with questionnaire for 10 years. Lower maximal rate-pressure product and higher angina scores were found in group II. More patients developed cardiomegaly (nine of 33 patients) in group II than in group I (one of 21 patients). Both groups, however, were at low risk for cardiac events (cardiac death or myocardial infarction).

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile chest imaging for small-cell lung cancer. Relationship to chemotherapy response (six courses of combination of cisplatin and etoposide) and p-glycoprotein or multidrug resistance related protein expression.

AIMS: This is a retrospective and adaptive randomization study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-99m MIBI) chest-imaging results, chemotherapy response and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or multidrug resistance related protein (MRP) expression in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Before chemotherapy, 30 patients (11 females, 19 males, ages: 52-69 years) with SCLC, including 14 extensive diseases without localized problems and 16 limited diseases in excess of solitary pulmonary nodule, underwent early chest imaging, including visual interpretation and quantitative analyses of tumor uptake ratio (TUR), 10 minutes after intravenous injection of Tc-99m MIBI. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed, using multiple nonconsecutive sections of the biopsy specimens, to detect Pgp and MRP expressions. Chemotherapy response was evaluated in the third month after completion of treatment by clinical and radiological methods. RESULTS: All 15 (100%) of the SCLC patients with complete or partial response had positive Tc-99m MIBI chest SPECT results, but negative ones for both Pgp and MRP expression. Twelve of the 15 (80%) SCLC patients with no response or progressive disease had negative Tc-99m MIBI chest SPECT results and were positive for either Pgp or MRP expression (P < 0.05). Negative Tc-99m MIBI chest SPECT results predicted complete or partial response. The TUR of patients with complete or partial response (1.91 +/- 0.29 with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.75-2.07) was significantly higher than that of patients with no response or progressive disease (1.19 +/- 0.28 with a 95% CI: 1.04-1.35). CONCLUSION: Tc-99m MIBI chest images are a potential tool for understanding Pgp and MRP expressions in SCLC and for predicting patient chemotherapy response.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗