PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to S Sakai.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of ceftizoxime in the treatment of respiratory tract infections].

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was used for 33 patients with respiratory tract infections; 22 patients with pneumonia, 3 patients with pulmonary abscess, 4 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 4 patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasia. Clinical effects of CZX were evaluated in 33 patients; excellent in 16 and good in 14 patients. The efficacy rate was 91%. Bacteriological effects of CZX were prominent in 7 patients infected with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae and Citrobacter, but not in a patient infected with P. aeruginosa. The elimination rate was 92% (12/13). As the side effects, exanthema in 1 patient and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting) in 1 patient were observed. However, they improved without any treatment by cessation of CZX use. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 2 patients with elevated GOT and/or GPT. They normalized after cessation of drug. The usefulness of CZX was 82% (27/33). Therefore, CZX is a very useful drug and its effects are promising in clinical management of respiratory tract infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Study on the detection of bacterial infection in tubeless ureterocutaneostomy].

The presence of bacteria at the renal pelvis and the methods of their detection were studied in 11 patients with catheter-free cutaneous ureterostomy (tubeless ureterocutaneostomy). These patients had had total radical cystectomy due to bladder carcinoma. Of these, 5 patients had single-sided stoma with 9 kidney-ureter units and 6 patients had bilateral stoma with 10 units, excluding 2 ureters because of indwelling catheters. The urine obtained both from the renal pelvis with a single lumen catheter and from the pouch were used in the bacterial culture test and urinalysis. The aseptic swab after touching the skin around the stoma was also cultured for bacteria. Of 19 kidney-ureter units, 9 (47%) were found to have bacteria in urine obtained from catheterization. However, only 2 units (11%) were observed to be accompanied with pyuria. In this method, the rate of bacterial appearance was higher in single-sided stomas than in bilateral ones. There was no statistical correlation between the presence of hydronephrosis and the rate of bacterial appearance. In conclusion, the method of single lumen catheterization might be of great use for analysis of urinary tract infections in patients with such conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical study of aztreonam on respiratory tract infections caused by gram-negative pathogens].

Aztreonam (E-0734, AZT) was administered to pneumonia and chronic respiratory tract infections. The results were as follows: AZT was administered to 29 patients. Twenty-six cases were evaluable and 3 cases were excluded from evaluation of efficacy because 1 was Gram-positive infection, 2 were unclear symptom of infection. Pneumonia was 4 cases. Chronic respiratory tract infections were 22 cases. Clinical efficacy was judged as follows; excellent in 7 cases, good in 10 cases, fair in 5 cases and poor in 4 cases, then the efficacy rate was 65.4%. Efficacy rate in pneumonia, acute aggravation of diffuse panbronchiolitis and bronchiectasis with infection was 50%, 67% and 83%, respectively. Bacteriological response was judged on 21 cases with eradication rate was 66.7%. Bacteriological response classified by pathogen was as follows: All 6 isolates of H. influenzae, 2 in 6 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 4 in 5 isolates of H. parainfluenzae and all 3 isolates of K. pneumoniae were cleared. Total eradicated rate was 74.1%. Eruption was observed in 1 case as side effect. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 4 cases. Elevation of GOT and GPT was in 3 cases. Increase of eosinophil and basophil was in 1 case. AZT was considered to be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, especially chronic respiratory tract infections, caused by Gram-negative pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1983). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

The in vitro antimicrobial activities of antibiotics against causative pathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) in the 8 institutions in Japan during the period from 1980 to 1983 were compared. A number of new beta-lactam antibiotics with broad spectrum of activity have become available for clinical use in recent years. Some of them, in particular so-called third generation cephems, are reported to be responsible for developing microbial-cross resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics. We have been making survey in recent years to explore changes in susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents of clinical isolates. All bacterial isolates from clinical specimens were submitted to the Department of Clinical Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, where they were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with MIC 2000 apparatus. Of all pathogens from patients with simple UTI, the majority of the isolates was E. coli and Klebsiella spp. In cases of complicated UTI, on the other hand, Pseudomonas spp. were most frequent, followed in order by Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp. and E. coli. Conspicuous changes in antimicrobial activity of antibiotics against E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from simple UTI have not been found in our survey. Against strains of Citrobacter spp., even the third generation cephems proved to be not remarkably active and there was a significant decrease in susceptibility of isolates to the drugs test-showed MIC values of 50 micrograms/ml and the proportion increased to 50% (22/44) with isolates obtained in 1982. The antimicrobial activity of cefsulodin and gentamicin against P. aeruginosa was decreased in 1982 compared with that in 1980 and 1981. However, resistant strains were slightly more frequent with gentamicin. In 1983, the antimicrobial activity of third generation cephems against Serratia spp. was significantly reduced from that in 1982.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Epidemiologic and therapeutic study on gonorrheal infections--one shot therapy by aztreonam].

A clinical study of a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, AZTREONAM (hereafter referred to as AZT) for gonorrheal infections as well as epidemiologic study of gonorrheal infections were made Epidemiology: There was a reflection of the increasing sexual activity of the younger generation; both male and female patients in their twenties were most frequent (male 49.5%, female 43.7%) and the percent of teen age patients was 15.1% (male) and 34.4% (female). Forty two strains (17.2%) out of 244 clinically isolated gonococci were PPNG. Residue of serious secretion was observed in a little less than 20% suggesting a complication by Chlamydia trachomatis. Clinical Result: One shot (1-2 g) therapy by AZT was given to 244 gonorrheal infection cases (212 urethritis cases of males. 32 cervicitis cases of females) with the following highly effective rate. Although beta-lactamase producing MIC of AZT at 10(6) CFU/ml showed a peak of 0.025 microgram/ml and ranged between less than 0.0125 microgram/ml to 0.2 microgram/ml. The time required for the elimination of gonococci was studied by the administration of 1 g and 2 g AZT. Gonococci became extinct in 1-8 hours or 4-4.5 hours on average. The difference between n 1 g and 2 g was scarcely observed. Clinical effect of 1 g one shot and 2 g one shot AZT was examined on the 3rd treatment day for 244 male and females cases. The effective rate was high; 90.7% by 1 g, 97.1% by 2 g for male urethritis, 100% by 1 g also by 2 g for female cervicitis. This therapeutic efficacy was kept even in PPNG, isolated cases. There were two side effects (0.8%), one case each of numbness and, redness and swelling of both hands, out of 244 cases, but both of them were minor ones without clinical complication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[A randomized controlled study of adjuvant immunotherapy with N-CWS for head and neck malignancies].

The nonspecific adjuvant immunotherapeutic effectiveness of the cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N-CWS) was studied in patients with head-and-neck malignancies. This study involved 390 patients seen from March 1980 to July 1982. The patients qualifying for statistical analysis were limited to 276 with squamous cell carcinoma without a vestige of tumor after four months of radical therapy. They were divided into two background-factors matched groups of 132 immunotherapy and 144 control patients. The overall two-year nonrecurrence rate was 70.4% for the immunotherapy group and 67.1% for the control. This difference, however, was amplified, when the patients' stages were limited to III and IV: 66.6% for the immunotherapy group and 55.3% for the control.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1983). I. Susceptibility distribution].

During 1979-1983 in vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against causative bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) were investigated by Microbiological Research Group of UTI including the 8 institutions in Japan. Of all strains (219) isolated from patients with simple UTI, 65.3% were E. coli, and 9.6% Klebsiella spp.; these species accounted for about 75% of all isolates in 1983. MPC and CCL among the oral antimicrobial agents have showed potent activities against E. coli, MPC at 1.56 micrograms/ml and CCL at 3.13 micrograms/ml inhibited 80% of E. coli from simple and complicated UTI. CTM, CTX, CZX, CMX and LMOX among the parenteral antimicrobial agents, at concentrations of 0.20 micrograms/ml or less inhibited 90% of E. coli isolated from simple and complicated UTI. The frequency of isolates from patients with complicated UTI, without catheter, was as follows; E. coli 27.6%, P. aeruginosa 20.1%, Streptococcus spp. 12.6%, Serratia spp. 8.8% and Klebsiella spp. 8.0%. The frequency of isolates from patients with complicated UTI, indwelling catheter, was as follows; P. aeruginosa 22.6%, Streptococcus spp. 18.0%, Serratia spp. 15.0%, Proteus spp. 12.4%, and Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. are 6.0%, respectively, in 1983. The antibacterial activity (MIC80) against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., P. mirabilis, Citrobacter spp. and Serratia marcescens from simple and complicated UTI was compared, for example, among third generation cephem antibiotics. Four drugs such as CMX, CZX, CTX and LMOX showed virtually comparable activities while CPZ was slightly less active against the strains tested. There have been many studies reported concerning the antibacterial activity of various drugs against clinical isolates from patients with infections, but it seems that, to our knowledge, no article has dealt with yearly surveys on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from defined clinical specimens with the same period of each year at the same series of institutions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1983). II. Background of patients].

We have been collected the causative isolates from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) from the 8 institutions in Japan during 1980-1983. All strains isolated from UTI and recognized as etiologically responsible in each institution were sent to Bacteriology Laboratory of Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo and the species of these strains were reidentified. We classified the UTI into 3 categories, simple, complicated without catheter and complicated with catheter. Of all strains isolated as etiologically responsible from cases of simple UTI, 65.3% were E. coli and 9.6%, Klebsiella spp. in 1983: these species accounted for about 75% of all isolates. Most frequently isolated from patients without catheter were E. coli 27.6% in 1983, followed in order by Pseudomonas spp. (20.9%), Gram-positive bacteria (16.7%), Serratia spp. (8.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.0%) and Proteus spp. (7.1%). In complicated UTI with catheter, Pseudomonas spp. were most frequently isolated (25.6%), followed in order by Gram-positive bacteria (22.9%), Serratia spp. (15.0%), Proteus spp. (12.4%), Enterobacter spp. (6.0%) and Klebsiella spp. (6.0%). A remarkable difference, that is, Gram-positive bacteria, especially S. aureus, showed conspicuous increase of isolation between 1982 and 1983. Furthermore, we discussed the detailed analysis of patient background to clinical bacterial isolates from UTI in respect of patient distribution by sex, types of infections, distributions by age in male and female, interrelations between the species of bacterial isolates and types of infection and antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of prolactin receptors in pig mammary gland.

Prolactin receptors present in the particulate fraction of lactating pig mammary gland were solubilized by 7.5mM-3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-su lph onic acid (Chaps) and purified by affinity chromatography on prolactin coupled to Affi-Gel 10. Nearly 30% of the particulate receptors were solubilized by the detergent and over a 1000-fold purification from homogenates was achieved. A water-soluble fraction rich in receptors was observed during the preparation of membranes, although this fraction has not yet been purified. Prolactin binding to the receptors was a time-dependent, reversible and saturable reaction in particulate, Chaps-solubilized and purified receptors. In all forms, receptors showed the same specificity to peptide hormones. Prolactin and human growth hormone bound to the same receptors, whereas bovine growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin failed to bind. After solubilization, the dissociation constant (Kd) for prolactin was decreased 5-fold from 9.8 X 10(-11) M in the particulate receptors to 1.8 X 10(-11) M in solubilized and purified receptors, being due principally to an increase in the association rate constant from 1.0 X 10(9)M-1 X h-1 to (3.9-4.6) X 10(9)M-1 X h-1, respectively, with the dissociation rate constant remaining unchanged at (1.1-1.3) X 10(-2)h-1. Isoelectric focusing of the prolactin-receptor complex revealed two peaks, one at a pI of 5.5-5.6 and the other at 5.2-5.3. Microsomal receptors were covalently cross-linked to 125I-labelled ovine prolactin with ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Autoradiography of the gel revealed a major subunit of Mr 28 000-35 000 and a minor one of Mr 67 000-69 000. Anti-(prolactin receptor) antibodies raised against rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptors were equally effective in inhibiting prolactin binding to particulate, solubilized and affinity-purified receptors, suggesting that purified prolactin receptors have a structure indistinguishable immunologically from particulate receptors and rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptors. The present demonstration shows that particulate prolactin receptors from a domestic animal can be solubilized and purified without losing the original properties of high affinity and binding specificity for hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

HLA-A and B antigens in patients with Peyronie disease.

Using microdroplet lymphocyte cytotoxicity test, as a method of HLA typing, 9 patients with Peyronie disease were studied from a viewpoint of relationship between this disease and HLA-A and B antigens. The frequencies of each antigen in the patients were compared with those of healthy controls. No significant difference of distribution in HLA antigens was observed between the patients and the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Directional preponderance of optokinetic nystagmus. Study of 30 cases of unilateral cerebral lesions.

Analysis of the optokinetic nystagmus has been one of the most important means to examine the function of the vestibulo-oculomotor system. Especially in Japan, it has been used as a mean to analyze the function of the brain stem. We investigated directional preponderance of the optokinetic nystagmus in supratentorial lesions especially unilateral lesions, in the cerebral hemisphere which had been nearly neglected as an object for investigation of the vestibular system. We examined 30 cases of unilateral lesion in the cerebral hemisphere. In all cases CT-scan confirmed that these lesions have no mass effect which might affect the function of the surrounding brain. It was also confirmed that these cases had no spontaneous nystagmus. These cases consisted of 11 cerebral infarctions, 9 cerebral thrombosis, 6 cerebral hemorrhages and 4 cerebral contusions. In the result, 27 cases showed directional preponderance of the optokinetic nystagmus to the ipsilateral side, while there was none to the contralateral side. Three cases showed no directional preponderance. Some cases showed marked inhibition of optokinetic nystagmus of the contralateral side. These markedly inhibited cases are very similar to cases of pontine lesion which usually manifest marked inhibition of the optokinetic nystagmus to the ipsilateral side.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Resection of the carina and oesophagus for malignant tumours of the oesophagus or tracheobronchial tree.

Resection of the oesophagus together with the bifurcation of the trachea has been performed in three patients with oesophageal carcinoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma of bronchial origin. Two patients had an uneventful recovery and survived five and 10 months but one patient died in the immediate postoperative period from aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure. There has been no report of combined resection of the oesophagus and carina since Thompson's paper in 1973, but it appears to be indicated occasionally in patients with tracheobronchial or oesophageal malignancy, particularly when it is associated with an oesophagobronchial fistula.

Aged↗