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Biomedical subjects

S Saleh

Publications and source records attributed to S Saleh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis after oxamniquine therapy of murine schistosomiasis.

Chemical and histological indices of liver fibrosis were measured after eight, 18 and 28 weeks in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni and treated at eight weeks with oxamniquine, in mice infected with S. mansoni and not treated and in mice not infected with S. mansoni. Total worm burdens and liver egg counts were determined in the infected mice to determine severity of infection. Treatment with oxamniquine resulted in near total eradication of S. mansoni worms after 10 weeks and in their complete killing and marked reduction of eggs in the liver at 10 and 20 weeks. Liver fibrosis 10 weeks after oxamniquine treatment was not significantly different than in the untreated, infected group but there was no progression between 10 and 20 weeks after oxamniquine treatment. Fibrosis did however increase between 10 and 20 weeks in the untreated infected group. In the murine model, oxamniquine is an effective treatment for S. mansoni and prevents progression of liver fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ocular hypotensive effects of medifoxamine.

Medifoxamine is a novel monoamine re-uptake inhibiting antidepressive drug which preferentially inhibits dopamine reuptake. In human volunteer studies it has been found to reduce significantly intraocular pressure after single oral doses of 300-1000 mg, and to produce a small but statistically significant miosis. Its maximal ocular hypotensive action was less than that of oral timolol 20 mg.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Schistosoma mansoni: angiotensin converting enzyme activity in mice under the influence of praziquantel and/or captopril.

Murine schistosomiasis is usually associated with hepatic granulomatous lesions together with high serum and granuloma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. Praziquantel (PRZ) which is known to reduce granuloma size was studied to show whether this effect is related to changes in ACE activity. Furthermore, captopril was studied to show whether by inhibiting ACE activity, the drug could also affect granuloma size. PRZ, captopril, and their combination led to significant reduction in liver granuloma. However, in normal mice, captopril was shown to increase rather than decrease serum ACE. The decrease in ACE activity by PRZ was correlated with its curative effect in infected mice. However, in experimentally induced pulmonary granulomata, the drug reduced granuloma size without affecting ACE activity of either serum or granuloma. It may be concluded that reduction in ACE activity may be beneficial as far as diminution of granuloma size is concerned and irrespective of whether there is an active infection or not. The possible use of Captopril as an antihypertensive in bilharzial infections associated with hypertension would probably not adversely affect the granulomatous lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression.

Fluoxetine, a new serotonin uptake blocking antidepressant, was compared with amitriptyline in a double-blind study. Patients were diagnosed as having major depression, according to DSM-III criteria, when interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. There was significant improvement in patient and observer ratings of depression in both groups, with no difference between groups. Recent memory improved significantly in the fluoxetine group but not in the amitriptyline group. Numbers of patients reporting side-effects were similar but the profiles of side-effects were different, with more patients on amitriptyline reporting anticholinergic and intolerable side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Medifoxamine: oral tolerance and pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers.

Medifoxamine is a monoamine reuptake inhibiting antidepressant drug. We have investigated its pharmacokinetics in normal healthy volunteers. After an overnight fast, ascending doses of 200, 500, 750 and 1000 mg of medifoxamine were taken orally. Plasma samples were analysed using a specific HPLC method. Medifoxamine was well tolerated and exhibited a first order linear pharmacokinetic profile. It underwent rapid absorption and peak plasma concentrations were achieved about 1.0 h after administration. Thereafter the elimination profile was biphasic with a mean terminal half life less than 3 hours. We found a linear relationship (r = 0.80) between administered dose and AUC values for the four doses. High values were obtained for the apparent volumes of distribution and the plasma clearance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Nephrolithiasis and urine ion changes in ulcerative colitis patients undergoing colectomy and endorectal ileal pullthrough.

Nephrolithiasis occurs in 5 to 13% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who undergo colectomy and abdominal ileostomy, presumably from chronic dehydration and urinary concentration. Whether endorectal ileal pullthrough with ileal reservoir (PTR) changes the incidence of stones (primarily calcium oxalate) after colectomy is not known. Urinary excretion of Na2+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, phosphate, urate, oxalate, and citrate was measured in a prospective study of 12 UC patients undergoing PTR with temporary end ileostomy. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained before colectomy (t1), after colectomy but before ileostomy closure (t2), and 5 months after ileostomy closure (t3). Urine volumes decreased from 831 +/- 101 cc (mean +/- SE) at t1 to 715 +/- 101 cc at t2 and then increased to 1278 +/- 421 cc at t3 (significant, with P less than 0.01 by t test). Urinary excretions of Mg2+, oxalate, and citrate were low in UC patients compared to those in controls (15 healthy adult volunteers). Excretion of Ca2+ increased significantly following temporary ileostomy while excretion of Mg2+ fell. Excretion of Ca2+ fell and excretion of Mg2+ and citrate increased following PTR. We conclude that PTR patients have increased urine volumes and urinary ion changes known to decrease the risk of developing renal stones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Tolerability and kinetics of intravenous medifoxamine in healthy volunteers.

Medifoxamine is a new antidepressant drug which is in clinical use in France and is undergoing clinical investigation elsewhere. We have carried out a study of its tolerance by the intravenous route and have investigated its kinetic parameters by this route. Twelve healthy volunteers received single ascending intravenous doses of medifoxamine 5 to 10 mg. The subjects were observed for changes in haemodynamic and other vital signs. Serum samples were analyzed using a specific HPLC method. Medifoxamine was well tolerated by all volunteers. Its kinetics were described by a two-compartment open model with an elimination half-line 1.2 h, systemic clearance 1299 l/min, volume of distribution 1321 l and urinary excretion of parent drug less than 1% of the dose. One subject had high serum concentrations and low clearance when compared with the other subjects. This may have been due to genetic differences in drug metabolism, as this subject was found to be a poor metabolizer of debrisoquine.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1990

Absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of medifoxamine in healthy humans.

Medifoxamine is a new monoamine re-uptake inhibiting antidepressant drug. Twelve volunteers received 100 mg by i.v. infusion over 15 min and 500 mg by mouth fasting. The treatments were given 1 week apart in a randomised cross-over design. Venous blood samples (10 ml) were taken at intervals for 24 h for h.p.l.c. measurement of serum medifoxamine. A biexponential decline of serum medifoxamine concentration was observed after intravenous administration in all subjects and similar terminal elimination half-lives were observed following both routes, indicating that oral absorption is not rate-limiting. The absolute bioavailability of oral medifoxamine was 21%.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Synthesis of trideuterated O-alkyl platelet activating factor and lyso derivatives.

Racemic heavy isotope analogs of 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lysoPAF) and 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAF) were prepared for use as internal standards to facilitate quantitative studies based on mass spectrometry. Starting from pentadecane-1,15-diol and rac-glycerol-1,2-acetonide, a convergent synthesis of 1-O-[16'-2H3]hexadecyl and 1-O-[18'-2H3]octadecyl rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine and their acetyl derivatives is described. Three deuterium atoms were introduced at the terminal position of the 1-O-alkyl group by displacement of the p-toluensulfonyl group from 1-O-alkyl-15'-p-toluensulfonate and 1-O-alkyl-17'-p-toluensulfonate with [2H3]-methylmagnesium iodide. The 1-O-alkyl-17'-p-toluensulfonate was obtained by reaction of the 1-O-alkyl-15'-p-toluensulfonate with allylmagnesium bromide, followed by reductive ozonolysis and treatment with p-toluene-sulfonyl chloride. The hydroxyl group at C-2 was protected by a benzyl group and removed at a late stage in the synthesis. This provided the corresponding lyso-derivatives or allowed preparation of racemic PAF by subsequent acetylation of the free hydroxy group. The phosphocholine moiety was introduced at glycerol C-3 by reaction with bromoethyldichlorophosphate and trimethylamine. The synthetic compounds were analyzed by FAB/MS and GC/NICIMS. They were shown to contain less than 0.6% protium impurity.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1989

Obstetric deaths in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.

A survey of all registered deaths which occurred during 1981-1983 in women of reproductive age was carried out in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Surviving family members were interviewed by trained social workers, and information was collected on symptoms of the disease that led to death. The completed questionnaires were reviewed by a panel of local physicians and a cause of death was assigned by the panel. Maternal mortality was a leading cause of death, second only to heart disease. There were 190 maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths and 45 maternal deaths per 100,000 married women aged between 15 and 49 years. Most of the maternal deaths (63%) were due to direct obstetric causes of which haemorrhage was the main cause. Another 27% of the maternal deaths were due to indirect obstetric causes of which rheumatic heart disease was the main cause.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1988

Maternal mortality in Indonesia and Egypt.

Twenty-three percent of deaths to women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Bali, Indonesia and Menoufia, Egypt were due to maternal causes. Among the younger women, the percentage was even higher. In both areas complications of pregnancy and childbirth were a leading cause of death (the first cause in Bali, the second in Menoufia). In both sites, postpartum hemorrhage was the most common cause of maternal death. Relative to the United States, the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births was 20 times higher in Menoufia and 78 times higher in Bali. Families of women of reproductive age who died were interviewed about the conditions leading to death and other characteristics of the deceased. Completed histories were reviewed by a Medical Panel who were able to assign a cause of death in more than 90% of cases. Two-thirds of the maternal deaths occurred to women who were over 30 and/or who had 3 children--the usual targets of family planning programs. Other possible intervention strategies include antenatal outreach programs, training of traditional birth attendants, and better hospital management of obstetric emergencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of two cause-of-death classification systems for deaths among women of reproductive age in Menoufia, Egypt.

Mortality data ascertained from sources other than a death registration system can validate the accuracy of the system, but this information is rarely obtained. Data on 1979 deaths among reproductive age women were collected in the 1981-1983 Reproductive Age Mortality Survey (RAMOS) in the governorate of Menoufia, Egypt, and compared with data on these deaths as recorded by the Egyptian death registration system. Although the distribution of the causes of death were similar, there were substantial differences between classification systems for deaths due to particular causes. Over half of the deaths classified differently by the systems were those assigned to circulatory disease on the death certificate. In contrast, there was a high rate of agreement between systems in the classification of trauma deaths. About half (52.4%) of cancer deaths had the same site-specific cancer diagnosis assigned by RAMOS. The percentage of deaths assigned to maternal causes was three times higher in RAMOS (19.2%) than on death certificates (6.1%). Reported mortality rates for this often-preventable cause of death have been substantially underestimated in national death registration systems. Such underreporting masks the need for additional prenatal care and maternal health programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of praziquantel on the cardiotonic action of cardiac glycosides.

The effect of praziquantel on isolated left guinea-pig atria has been studied. Praziquantel caused a concentration-dependent increase in the force of contraction of the isolated left atria, an effect which may be due to an increase in Ca++ fluxes. Praziquantel antagonized the cardiotonic effect of cardiac glycosides on guinea-pig atria. This antagonism is neither due to an alteration of Ca++ concentration in the cell, nor to a direct action on Na+, K+-ATPase, nor to inhibition of the binding of cardiac glycosides to heart tissue. This interaction may involve an enhancement of K+ fluxes in cardiac cells under the influence of praziquantel.

Animals↗