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Biomedical subjects

S Salo

Publications and source records attributed to S Salo.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A microbiological screening method for the indication of irradiation of frozen poultry meat.

A microbiological screening method for the detection of irradiation of frozen poultry meat was developed on the basis of the combined use of total cell count by the direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) and viable cell count by the aerobic plate count method (APC). Samples of ground, deboned poultry leg were irradiated or not with dose levels of 3, 5 and 7 kGy using an electron beam accelerator. All samples were frozen before the irradiation treatment. The average values of the differences between DEFT and APC counts in control samples and those irradiated with doses of 3, 5 and 7 kGy were 1.14 log units for control samples, and 3.16, 3.68 and 3.79 log units for the irradiated samples. A difference of at least 2 log units can therefore be considered as a limit value indicating probable irradiation treatment necessitating further investigations.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1995

Disc degeneration of pediatric patients in lumbar MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in pediatric spinal disorders, but the prevalence of associated lumbar disc degeneration (DD) has not been evaluated previously. In this study we investigated whether children with suspected spinal disease had increased tendency to early DD. We analyzed lumbar MRI scans of 32 patients and 49 control subjects under 15 years old. Only four patients (13%) had DD on T2-weighted MRI and they were all over 10 years old. Eleven subjects (22%) in the control group had DD. It seems that disc degeneration is seldom found in patients under 10 years old.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1995

Practical issues in the clinical application of mismatch negativity.

The mismatch negativity (MMN) recordings provide an objective measure of the preattentive, automatic auditory discrimination function. This article deals with issues central to the recording of the MMN and the interpretation of the results for clinical and electrodiagnostic purposes. The methods of acquiring as pure an MMN response as possible, i.e., one not contaminated by auditory cortical responses reflecting other functions, are discussed first. Second, other technical questions associated with the recording are reported on, e.g., what MMN parameters should be recorded and how, what is the smallest recordable MMN response, and what is the repeatability of the MMN recordings. Then, the effect of various physiological factors on the MMN (age, alertness, gender, topographic distribution of the MMN) is considered. The correlation between auditory discrimination performance and the MMN amplitude, observed in normal population, is dealt with. Finally, there is a short concluding overview on clinical findings of MMN recordings and discussion on their electrodiagnostic applications.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗
PubMed1995

Modified distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus.

Sixty-three feet in 44 patients with a hallux valgus, which had been operated on using a modified distal osteotomy were reviewed after a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. A modification of Mitchell's and Mommsen's osteotomies was used without any fixation material. The mean correction of the intermetatarsal angle was 2.6 degrees and of the hallux valgus angle 5.2 degrees. Good subjective result was achieved in 90% of the feet. In six (9.5%) cases the hallux valgus angle was worse after the operation. The method used seems to be too unreliable to be continued. Patient selection was found to be of great importance. Hallux valgus angle of more than 40 degrees was less suitable for this kind of operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of insulin regimens in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Insulin is widely used to improve metabolic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but there is no consensus about the optimal regimen of insulin treatment. METHODS: We treated 153 patients with NIDDM for three months with five regimens: (1) oral hypoglycemic drug therapy plus NPH insulin given at 7 a.m. (the morning-NPH group), (2) oral hypoglycemic drug therapy plus NPH insulin given at 9 p.m. (the evening-NPH group), (3) NPH and regular insulin (ratio, 70 units to 30 units) given before breakfast and dinner (the two-insulin-injection group), (4) NPH insulin at 9 p.m. and regular insulin before meals (the multiple-insulin-injection group), and (5) continued oral hypoglycemic drug therapy (the control group). RESULTS: The mean (+/- SE) value for glycosylated hemoglobin decreased similarly in all four insulin-treatment groups (1.7 +/- 0.3, 1.9 +/- 0.2, 1.8 +/- 0.3, and 1.6 +/- 0.3 percent, respectively). The decrease was significantly greater in these four groups than in the control group (0.5 +/- 0.2 percent; P < 0.001 vs. all insulin-treated groups). Weight gain was significantly less (1.2 +/- 0.5 kg) in the evening-NPH group than in the other insulin-treatment groups (2.2 +/- 0.5 kg in the morning-NPH group, 1.8 +/- 0.5 kg in the two-insulin-injection group, and 2.9 +/- 0.5 kg in the multiple-injection group; P < 0.05). In addition, the increment in the mean diurnal serum free insulin concentration was 50 to 65 percent smaller in the evening-NPH group than in the other insulin-treatment groups. Subjective well-being improved significantly more in the insulin-treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with NIDDM who are receiving oral hypoglycemic drug therapy, the addition of NPH insulin in the evening improves glycemic control in a manner similar to combination therapy with NPH insulin in the morning, a two-insulin-injection regimen, or a multiple-insulin-injection regimen, but induces less weight gain and hyperinsulinemia. The data thus suggest that patients with NIDDM do not benefit from multiple insulin injections and that nocturnal insulin administration appears preferable to daytime administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Septic Haemophilus influenzae polyarthritis demonstrated best with Tc-99m HMPAO labeled leukocytes.

A 5-year-old girl with fever and tenderness in her left wrist and right ankle was hospitalized. Bone scanning and Tc-99m labeled leukocyte imaging showed increased uptake in these joints and also in her left knee. These radionuclide methods helped determine the diagnosis and were superior to plain radiography and CT scanning. Uptake was greater on leukocyte imaging than it was on the bone scan. The patient had infectious polyarthritis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, which is a very rare cause of acute polyarthritis in children older than 2 years. The patient fully recovered with antibiotic therapy, and no surgical procedure was needed.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1990

[Time experience in the framework of Martha E. Rogers' conceptual model].

The aim of this study, which is a part of an international research project, is to explore the possible differences in time experience between different cultures. In this paper are some preliminary results reported. The Time Metaphor Test showed that healthy Finnish people, aged from 20 to 60 years experience time as timelessness, not dragging and not time racing. The respondents over 40 years experienced time more often as timelessness than did the younger age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reinforcement of surgical adhesive strips.

Surgical adhesive strips are often used for closure of some wounds or to minimize tension on sutures after closures. The package insert of the type most commonly used (Steri-Strip), indicates that the application of compound tincture of benzoin, U.S.P. (CTB) increases strip adhesion. The increase in adhesive power by CTB was compared with a preparation containing gum mastic (Mastisol). The study clearly demonstrated that the latter preparation provided a markedly more adhesive strength than that obtained with CTB.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The efficacy of adhesives in the application of wound dressings.

The use of adhesive preparations to reinforce surgical tapes and to secure dressings to the skin is standard practice. BioBrane is a biosynthetic membrane for use in dressing clean, well-debrided wounds, particularly partial-thickness burns and skin graft donor sites. The close and undisturbed contact of this material with the wound surface is important during the first 2 days after its application to achieve adherence. This has prompted a study to test the relative anchoring strength of four methods of securing the dressing to the normal skin around the wound: 1/2-inch (1.27-cm) Steri-Strips only; Mastisol, a mastic compound, with and without 1/2-inch Steri-Strips; and compound tincture of benzoin, USP, in combination with 1/2-inch Steri-Strips. The results obtained with a tension of 1.1 pounds/square inch (0.5 kg/6.5 cm2) were not conclusive as to the superiority of any one method. However, with a tension of 2.2 pounds/square inch (1 kg/6.5 cm2), the combination of mastic compound and 1/2-inch Steri-Strips provided the strongest adhesion. This type of application should also prove useful when other types of surgical dressings must be anchored in place.

Adhesives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of the microbiological methods hygicult dipslide, contact plate, and swabbing in surface hygiene control: a Nordic collaborative study.

A collaborative study on total aerobic bacterial count was conducted to validate the Hygicult TPC dipslide against contact plates and swabbing, using stainless-steel surfaces artificially contaminated with different microbes at various levels. Twelve laboratories took part in the validation procedure. The total number of collaborative samples was 108. The microbial level in each sample was assessed in triplicate using the 3 above-mentioned methods under 3 different incubation conditions (at 25 +/- 1 degrees C for 48 and 72 h and at 30 +/- 1 degrees C for 48 h). Surface sampling methods detached 25-30% at the lowest (theoretical yield, 1.4 cfu/cm2), 18-20% at the middle (theoretical yield, 10.7 cfu/cm2), and 16-21% at the highest (theoretical yield, 43.6 cfu/cm2) levels of microbes from the test surfaces. The percentage of acceptable results after removing outliers was 89%. Repeatability standard deviations ranged from 27.2 to 74.6% and reproducibility standard deviations ranged from 42.1 to 97.5%. There were no significant differences between results obtained at different incubation temperatures (25 and 30 degrees C) or incubation times (48 and 72 h) for all 3 methods. The Hygicult TPC dipslide, contact plate, and swabbing methods gave similar results at all 3 microbial levels tested: 0.35-0.43 cfu/cm2 at the lowest level, 1.9-2.2 cfu/cm2 at the middle level, and 7.1-9.1 cfu/cm2 at the highest level.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical comparison of 99Tcm-HMPAO labelled leucocytes and 99Tcm-nanocolloid in the detection of inflammation.

Forty-five patients with various inflammatory diseases were imaged with 99Tcm-HMPAO labelled leucocytes and 99Tcm-nanocolloid within 7 days. The overall sensitivity of 99Tcm-leucocytes was 97% and that of 99Tcm-nanocolloid 59% and both agents had a 100% specificity. The 99Tcm-leucocyte method showed reliable results in various inflammatory and infectious conditions, and seems suitable as a primary imaging method. On the contrary, 99Tcm-nanocolloid cannot be recommended for use in inflammatory bowel diseases, soft tissue abscesses or prosthetic vascular graft infections. However, 99Tcm-nanocolloid gave reliable information in inflammatory and infectious bone and joint diseases in which it had a 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In those lesions the 99Tcm-nanocolloid method may be useful, because it is simple, fast and cheap. Yet, further evaluation is needed.

Abscess↗