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Biomedical subjects

S Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to S Sanders.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Incidence and diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonias requiring admission to hospital].

A prospective investigation of patients admitted to the local hospital during a period of one year was undertaken. A total of 107 patients participated. 50% of the cases of pneumonia were found by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The diagnosis was established partly by demonstration of antigens and increase in antibody titre and also employing the traditional methods: Blood culture, microscopic examination and culture of the expectorate or tracheal secretion. 70% of the patients were over the age of 60 years. The mortality was found to be 17%. The difficulties in etiological investigations of infections in the lower respiratory tract are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Mitral atresia with a large left ventricle and an underdeveloped or absent right ventricular sinus: clinical profile, anatomic data and surgical considerations.

In mitral atresia with a large left ventricle, the tricuspid valve is either straddling and biventricular or entirely left ventricular. To learn how to assess the identity of the tricuspid valve in such cases 15 heart specimens were examined as well as the echocardiograms of 10 living patients. When the right ventricular sinus was underdeveloped (11 cases), a straddling tricuspid valve was present; when it was absent (14 cases), the tricuspid valve was entirely left ventricular. Regardless of biventricular or exclusively left ventricular attachments, the tricuspid valve was tricommissural (at postmortem examination or on echocardiography) in 22 cases (88%). Its chordal attachments showed considerable variations but were usually paraseptal or on the ventricular septal crest or conal septum. When biventricular, the tricuspid valve straddled through an inlet ventricular septal defect. Clinical or anatomic evidence, or both, of tricuspid regurgitation was present in 14 cases (56%). It is concluded that 1) the identity of the atrioventricular valves is reflected in their chordal attachments more accurately than in their leaflet morphology and depends primarily on the type of ventricular loop present; 2) as a rule, the tricuspid valve is right-sided in D-looped and left-sided in L-looped ventricles; 3) valve identity expressed as the number and position of the papillary muscle attachments is generally recognizable echocardiographically and can be used to diagnose the type of ventricular loop that is present; and 4) the presence and degree of tricuspid regurgitation deserve attention when choosing optimal palliative surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Regional changes in central nervous system thyrotropin-releasing hormone after pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in dogs.

We have recently shown that seizures induce significant and sustained elevations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in specific extrahypothalamic rat brain regions associated with epileptic foci including amygdala, hippocampus, pyriform cortex, and anterior cortex. Seizures were induced in dogs to further study the effect on central nervous system TRH in a species known to show epileptiform seizures. Adult mongrel beagles were given pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to induce generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Two groups of dogs were given either PTZ or saline every other day for four intravenous injections. Major motor seizures were observed visually and by electroencephalography with each PTZ injection, and these lasted from 3 to 10 minutes. Forty-eight hours after the fourth seizure, the dogs were killed and brains were removed, dissected, and stored at -90 degrees. After acetic acid extraction, extracts were assayed for TRH content by specific radioimmunoassay. Significant (P < 0.05) postictal TRH increases were seen in frontal cortex (1.5-fold), dorsal hippocampus (2.2-fold), pyriform cortex (2.5-fold), and amygdala (2.1-fold). Cerebellum, medulla, thalamus, hypothalamus, and septum showed no postictal changes in TRH. This report is the first to demonstrate TRH elevations in specific central nervous system regions associated with epileptic foci in the dog. Our results continue to stress the importance of the pyriform/periamygdaloid region as a key limbic region of endogenous TRH action in response to seizures and provides further evidence that TRH is either directly or indirectly involved in seizure modulation. Additional recent data from our laboratory and others suggest that this modulation is intrinsic to the hippocampus and may be anticonvulsant in nature.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1992

[Periodic discharges of sleep spindles with placebo and zopiclone].

According to our experiences (parietal) sleep spindles often show a periodical appearance. Successive sleep spindles in series have a distance of about four seconds. In 95% the duration of such series of sleep spindles is not longer than 40 s, so that there appears no more than ten successive periodical sleep spindles. In the present study ten subjects aged between 57 and 77 years were given Placebo and 7.5 mg Zopiclone. Under the effect of verum we found a doubling of sleep spindle series. However, the distance between the periodical spindles and the length of the spindle series remained unchanged. The variance in the ability to generate sleep spindle series was very high across subjects. One subject for example produced only one sleep spindle series in the Placebo-night (three under verum) and another subject on the other hand 95 (under verum 130). The results of the present study well corresponding to the results of a former investigation comparing Placebo, Pentobarbital, Methaqualon, Carbromal, Flunitrazepam, Triazolam and Lormetazepam.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Increase in membrane uptake of long-chain fatty acids early during preadipocyte differentiation.

An increase in early rates of oleate uptake, which reflected fatty acid (FA) entry into the cells, was apparent 2-3 days after confluence of differentiating BFC-1 preadipocytes. The increase was measured in cells kept without glucose and with arsenate, where greater than 95% of intracellular radioactivity was recovered as free unesterified oleate. Uptake of retinoic acid, a molecule structurally similar to long-chain FA, remained unaltered during cell differentiation. Increase in oleate transport was related to increase in transport Vmax (determined under arsenate treatment) from 0.2 to 2 nmol/min per 10(6) cells, whereas Km remained unchanged (2 x 10(-7) M). Oleate transport was maximal at about day 6 after cell confluence (day 0), as FA metabolism (incorporation into lipids) began to gradually increase. The increase in transport preceded induction of mRNAs for both cytosolic FA-binding protein, which appeared at day 6, and for the FA synthase, which appeared at day 10. Data indicated that increases in activities of FA transport and of lipoprotein lipase, early during cell differentiation, favored increased availability of exogenous FA at a stage when endogenous FA synthesis is limited. This result would promote FA esterification and lipid deposition by supplying a rate-limiting substrate. Furthermore, oleate addition to BFC-1 preadipocytes at confluence potentiated the effect of dexamethasone in inducing mRNA for cytosolic FA-binding protein. In adipocytes, FA from exogenous or endogenous sources was necessary to maintain levels of cytosolic FA-binding protein mRNA. Thus, the increase in FA availability might contribute to, or modulate, induction of proteins necessary for preadipocyte differentiation.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1990

The doctor's bag.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1990

Quantification of changes in serotonin uptake with spinal cord injury.

The high-affinity uptake of [3H]serotonin was studied using spinal cord preparations obtained from normal dogs, dogs made paraplegic by midthoracic transection, and dogs made monoplegic by midthoracic hemisection. Measurements were made at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. Lumbar spinal cord was removed at the above time periods and a myelin-free synaptosomal fraction was obtained by centrifugation and used for studying high-affinity serotonin uptake. At 1 week, there were no significant differences for Km values (nM) among any of the three groups (138 +/- 20, 128 +/- 22, and 118 +/- 20). The Vmax values (pmol/min/mg of protein) at 1 week for the control group (4.9 +/- 0.6) versus the hemisected group (4.3 +/- 0.7) were not significantly different. The Vmax values at 1 week for the completely transected group (2.3 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.01) were significantly reduced by 53 +/- 7%. At 4 weeks, the Vmax values for the hemisected (1.8 +/- 0.2; P less than 0.05) and transected groups (0.6 +/- 0.2; P less than 0.05) were significantly different as compared to the control group. The mean percent drop in Vmax after hemisection was 56 +/- 4%, close to the predicted value of 50%. The mean percent drop in Vmax after transection was 86 +/- 2%. At 8 weeks the mean Vmax values for the hemisected (1.9 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.05) and transected (0.4 +/- 0.4; P less than 0.05) groups were not significantly different compared to their respective 4-week values. It appears that serotonin uptake can be used to quantitate roughly the degree of spinal cord injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Microvascular end-to-side arterial anastomosis using the Nd: YAG laser.

End-to-side, laser-assisted vascular anastomosis (LAVA) using a Nd: YAG laser was successfully performed on rat carotid arteries. A midline neck incision allowed isolation and approximation of both carotid arteries in an end-to-side fashion using four 10-0 nylon stay sutures. The laser parameters used for vessel fusion were 0.3-second 5-W pulses at a spot size of 600 microns. Anastomoses were analyzed at various time intervals from 1 day to 6 months by angiogram and histological examination. The anastomotic patency was 86%. Aneurysm formation occurred in 23%. Histological examination revealed an acute/subacute transmural injury both at the anastomotic site and several hundred microns away, with delayed re-endothelialization and some attempt at muscular and elastic regeneration. Histological assessment of the aneurysms demonstrated a total loss of the internal elastic lamina and muscularis. A brief discussion comparing Nd: YAG LAVA to other LAVA techniques follows.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of aromatase with CGS 16949A in postmenopausal women.

Potent, specific, and nontoxic inhibitors of aromatase would be useful for experimental studies and for use in the treatment of breast cancer and other disorders. We evaluated the effects of CGS 16949A, a nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase activity, in 12 postmenopausal women with breast cancer by measuring plasma and/or urinary androgens and estrogens after oral administration of CGS 16949A at doses ranging from 0.6-16 mg daily; each dose was given for 2 weeks. The 0.6-mg daily dose partially lowered estrogen levels, and maximum reduction occurred at doses of 2-16 mg daily. The fall in plasma and urinary estrogens without a concomitant fall in plasma androgens confirmed the blockade of aromatase activity. The degree of estrogen reduction was greatest for urinary estrone [to 27 +/- 3% (+/- SE) of basal], followed in order by plasma estrone sulfate (30 +/- 4%), plasma estrone (32 +/- 6%), urine estradiol (45 +/- 5%), and plasma estradiol (65 +/- 5%). Use of gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques revealed similar patterns of reduction in catechol estrogens, estriol, and total urinary estrogens, suggesting that CGS 16949A does not alter the pathways of estrogen metabolism. The degree of estrogen reduction was remarkably similar to that caused with aminoglutethimide. At doses of 4-16 mg daily, CGS 16949A inhibited the C21-hydroxylase enzyme as well, based on concomitant rises in plasma androstenedione, testosterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. This effect was insufficient to lower urinary cortisol excretion during the study. However, a statistically significant blunting of plasma cortisol responses to ACTH occurred with the 16-mg daily dose. No changes in plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels or in thyroid, hematological, liver, or renal parameters were found. No significant side-effects of the medication were encountered. CGS 16949A appears to be a specific inhibitor of aromatase at doses below 4 mg daily and to lack apparent side-effects or toxic actions at doses up to 16 mg daily. This agent shows promise as a potent aromatase inhibitor for physiological and clinical studies.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Progressive systemic sclerosis: Part 2--Nursing management.

Multiple body systems can be affected by scleroderma. Satisfactory coping and life-style alterations will depend on numerous factors, including the nature and extent of organ involvement, individual coping style, and health professional services provided. Because of the low incidence of this disease, nurses may have little knowledge about the nursing management. Because of the nature of the disease's complications, the nephrology or dialysis nurse may care for more scleroderma patients than other hospital nurses.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Fc receptor bearing 'hairy cells' of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis bind soluble antigen--antibody complexes and adhere to immobilized complexes, but fail to mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

The majority of hairy cells from three patients with leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis were adherent cells bearing surface immunoglobulin, complement receptors, and Fc receptors. Highly purified populations of malignant hairy cells, which readily bound soluble antigen-antibody complexes in suspension and were able to adhere to immobilized antigen-antibody complexes, were examined for their ability to mediate ADCC. Two patients with greater than 90% FcR positive cells failed to mediate ADCC. When initially examined, a third patient, with fewer malignant cells, demonstrated a less marked impairment of cytolysis. When reexamined at a later date, this patient had an increased number of hairy cells and concomitantly demonstrated more impaired ADCC effector cell activity. Absorption of surface immunoglobulin bearing cells onto plastic surfaces coated with goat anti-human immunoglobulin resulted in a complete depletion of FcR, sIg positive, hairy cells. The remaining nonadherent fraction, containing 5.5% FcR positive, sIg negative cells, was able to mediate ADCC as effectively as the normal controls. These results indicate that although FcR bearing hairy cells readily bind soluble antigen-antibody complexes and adhere to immobilized complexes, they were unable to mediate ADCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary toxicity recurring after a six week course of busulfan therapy and after subsequent therapy with uracil mustard.

A growing number of drugs, including a number of alkylating agents, have been implicated as the cause of pulmonary diseases. A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia presented with typical cytology, biopsy, and roentgenologic findings of lung toxicity after only six weeks of therapy with busulfan. There was subsequent clearing. A similar roentgenologic change also occurred after administration of uracil mustard. This has not been reported previously.

Busulfan↗