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S Santambrogio

Publications and source records attributed to S Santambrogio.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Is there a real treatment for stroke? Clinical and statistical comparison of different treatments in 300 patients.

In the absence of universally accepted criteria for the medical treatment of stroke, we made a rigorously randomized comparative study of different treatments in 300 patients. One group of patients received only a general supportive treatment designed to ensure adequate supplies of water, electrolytes and calories, plus whatever was needed to prevent infection and correct extant associated pathology. Three other groups of patients were treated in the same way but were also given, respectively, one of the following medications: Hydergine (Sandoz) (a mixture of three ergot alkaloids), dexamethasone, and mannitol. No statistically significant difference emerged among any of the treatment groups and the reference group in terms of objective therapeutic results. The authors concluded that, at least with the dosage used in this study, none of the treatments proved more useful than conventional supportive therapy in the first 10 days after a stroke.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of hepatitis G virus RNA in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive intravenous drug users.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the new human flavivirus hepatitis G virus (HGV) in Italian intravenous drug users (IDUs) and its interaction with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Seventy-nine IDUs with different clinical stages of HIV-1 infection and 20 non-IDU patients with chronic HCV infection were included in the study. HGV RNA was detected by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) used for the amplification of two HGV-related sequences included in the 5'-noncoding (NCR) and NS5a regions. RESULTS: Eighteen (22.8%) of the 79 IDUs were positive for plasma HGV RNA; there was no difference in mean serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels between the HGV-positive and HGV-negative patients. No significant correlation was observed between HGV and other viral markers (hepatitis B virus [HBV], HCV, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II [HTLV-II]) or HCV genotype. The number of patients with symptomatic HIV-1 infection in whom HGV RNA was detected was significantly lower than the number of those who were asymptomatic (6 of 49 [12.2%] versus 12 of 30 [40%]; P = 0.004). The mean plasma HGV RNA titer was higher in the asymptomatic than in the symptomatic patients (4.6 versus 3.2 log PCR-amplified units in 1 mL of plasma sample [PU/mL]; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a considerable spread of HGV levels among Italian HIV-1-positive IDUs and do not indicate that HGV infection enhances liver impairment. We suggest that the greater prevalence of HGV RNA in IDUs with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection may reflect the relatively recent HGV infection in this population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. 2 case reports].

Histoplasmosis is endemic in some areas of United States and in South America, and generally causes an acute self-limiting respiratory infection. In elderly and immunosuppressed patients the infection can spread through the blood, causing a severe systemic illness. Here we describe two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients. The first was observed in an Italian woman who had never visited endemic countries, and was recognized only at autopsy; the second was observed in a trans-sexual patient, arrived in Italy from Brazil. Clinical suspicion of histoplasmosis is important in immunocompromised patients of non-endemic areas as symptoms are often aspecific and misdiagnosis is frequent.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acid-base equilibrium changes associated with acute pulmonary edema. Intra-erythrocytic findings and comparison with plasma values].

A study was made of intra-erythrocyte acid-base balance in 7 subjects with metabolic and 3 with mixed acidosis in the course of acute haemodynamic pulmonary oedema. Comparison with plasma values showed that, in metabolic acidosis, the buffers (bicarbonate) are evenly involved in the maintenance of hydrogen ion balance, whereas in mixed forms a greater demand is made on non-bicarbonate bases. Examination of this phenomenon and its quantitative evaluation are geared to intra-erythrocyte determinations of the acid-base balance, particularly to the very important B.E. index.

Acidosis↗