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Biomedical subjects

S Scarone

Publications and source records attributed to S Scarone.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Smooth pursuit eye movements and neuropsychological tests in schizophrenic patients: possible involvement of attentional components.

The relationships among different components of frontal lobe dysfunction and voluntary attention were studied. Drug-free schizophrenic patients and matched normal controls were recruited and assessed for smooth pursuit eye movements, voluntary saccadic eye movements and by means of neuropsychological tests (Toluse-Pieron test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). No clear-cut relationship was found between eye movement performance and neuropsychological impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Increased right caudate nucleus size in obsessive-compulsive disorder: detection with magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance images were used to measure the volume of the head of the caudate nucleus in 20 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 16 normal control subjects. The obsessive-compulsive patients showed a significant increase in the volume of the right side of the head of the caudate nucleus compared with that of control subjects. This finding was not correlated with demographic, psychopathological, or clinical characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Abnormalities of psychomotor development in schizophrenia: a rehabilitation perspective.

This study was an evaluation of the psychomotor profiles of 22 schizophrenic patients, investigated by means of a test battery developed for the assessment of psychomotor profiles of 10- to 12-year-old children. Analysis indicates that abnormal psychomotor development is an inherent feature of the disease and probably is antecedent to a full psychopathological picture.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A statistical approach to computerized EEG: preliminary data on control subjects and epileptic patients.

Factor Analysis represents an important method of extracting salient features from EEG data condensing functional as well as spatial informations in a few factors and so reducing redundancy of multi-channels computerized EEG data. A 16-channel computerized frequency analysis of background brain electrical activity during 3 functional conditions (eyes closed, eyes open and hyperventilation) were performed in 2 groups, 50 healthy subjects and 14 epileptic patients with generalized seizures. The differences in each frequency band between the 2 groups have been assessed by means of factor scores. Factor scores differences between control and epileptic patients have been found in theta and alpha frequency bands. These interictal EEG abnormalities were more evident in epileptic patients. This preliminary study shows the confirmatory capability of Factor Analysis and its usefulness in managing and comparing computerized EEG data.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Frontal and callosal neuropsychological performances in schizophrenia. Further evidence of possible attention and mnesic dysfunctions.

Some level of frontal and callosal dysfunction has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. In the present study 68 normal controls and 117 schizophrenic patients were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), which involves the function of the frontal areas, and the Auditory Comprehension Test (ACT) which involves the corpus callosum and to a lesser degree attention and mnesic mechanisms. WCST correctly discriminated 69.8% of schizophrenics and 74.2% of controls, ACT 86.7% of schizophrenics and 90.2% of controls. Moreover, schizophrenics correctly classified by the WCST performed more poorly than schizophrenics incorrectly classified by the WCST on the related ACT indices for the attention and mnesic mechanisms. There were no differences in present age, age at onset, duration of the illness, diagnostic subtype and course of the disease between correctly and incorrectly classified schizophrenics by the WCST and the ACT. These data indicate a prevalent malfunctioning of attention and mnesic mechanisms in schizophrenia. Finally there seems to be no relationship between these neurofunctional abnormalities and demographic and clinical characteristics of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Tonic and dynamic gonadotropin secretion in depressive and normothymic phases of affective disorders.

Baseline follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma levels and their responses to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation were investigated in 72 patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for affective disorders and in 72 healthy volunteers. Fifty-six patients were examined during a depressive phase and 16 during a normothymic phase. LH-FSH basal levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal depressed and normothymic women than in controls. In fertile women and men, concentrations of the two gonadotropins were also lower in patients than in controls, but the phenomenon did not generally reach statistical significance. LHRH-induced LH rises were lower in postmenopausal and fertile depressed and normothymic women than in controls, while FSH rises were reduced only in postmenopausal depressive women in both depressed and normothymic phases. The impairment underlying the gonadotropin secretory deficiency remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Asymmetrical distribution of beta-endorphin in cerebral hemispheres of suicides: preliminary data.

The assessment of beta-endorphin levels in several symmetrical brain regions of seven suicides and seven sudden death controls reveals a decreased concentration in the left temporal cortex, the left frontal cortex, and the left caudate nucleus of suicides compared to controls. Moreover, the comparisons of beta-endorphin concentrations in the symmetrical brain regions reveals an asymmetrical concentration in suicides (left less than right) in frontal cortex and caudate nucleus. These data confirm previous reports of abnormalities of neurochemical pathways in the brains of suicides and suggest that suicidal behavior might be related to the lateralized mechanisms of mood control.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Alpha reactivity in schizophrenia and in schizophrenic spectrum disorders: demographic, clinical and hemispheric assessment.

Alpha EEG reactivity was assessed in a carefully diagnosed sample of 84 schizophrenic and schizophrenic spectrum disorder patients, both under resting conditions (eyes closed and eyes open) and during two spatial-geometric cognitive tasks. The influence of the subject's demographic (sex and age), clinical (diagnostic subtypes, disease course, CT scan characteristics) and neurophysiological (hemispheric recording and different cognitive tasks) characteristics on alpha peak reactivity was analyzed by means of multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated a significant effect of type of illness on alpha EEG reactivity, patients with a diagnosis of undifferentiated and disorganized schizophrenia having the lowest alpha reactivity levels. None of the other variables considered had any contributing effect. The results are discussed in terms of orienting responses and hemispheric CNS organization in functional psychoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Neuropsychological assessment of functional central nervous system disorders. I. Hemispheric functioning characteristics in schizophrenia and affective illness.

The neuropsychological characteristics of a group of schizophrenic and affective patients were assessed by mean of a comprehensive neuropsychological tool, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Batter (LNNB), to determine the lateralized hemispheric neurofunctional characteristics in major functional central nervous system disorders. The results showed that schizophrenics had more right-hemisphere impairment than affectives. They do not substantiate the hypothesis of right hemisphere-lateralized malfunctioning in functional mood disorders. Psychopharmacological treatment influences neuropsychological test performance, neuroleptics having the greatest effects. Pharmacological effects other than anticholinergic ones are responsible for the negative influence on neuropsychological test performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Neurofunctional assessment of early phases of Alzheimer's disease: a preliminary note on hemispheric EEG characteristics during cognitive tasks.

EEG characteristics, in terms of power distribution in 1-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-10, 10-13, 13-18, 18-30 Hz frequency bands were evaluated in six putative non-medicated male Alzheimer patients. The latter were compared with six age and sex-matched normal controls during both resting conditions and tactile identification tasks specific for the left and right hemispheres. The result indicate a significant difference in the power of the 8-10 frequency band between the two groups and a significant hypovariability in the 6-8 and 8-10 bands during tactile tasks: Alzheimer patients showed reduced power and, also, where less reactive, no differences between the left and right hemispheres having appeared. These findings seem to confirm the specificity of EEG modifications in Alzheimer's disease, even in the very early phases of the pathological process. Possible implications are discussed in the light of some biochemical hypotheses.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1987

Neurofunctional assessment of schizophrenia: a preliminary investigation of the presence of eye-tracking (SPEMs) and quality extinction test (QET) abnormalities in a sample of schizophrenic patients.

This preliminary study evaluated the simultaneous presence of abnormalities in the regulation of eye-tracking and neuropsychological tests performance (tactile extinction) in a sample of schizophrenic patients. Both those measures of central malfunctioning appears to be quite specific to schizophrenic disorders and more related to the trait, rather than state characteristics. Even though preliminary, the results indicate a significant relationship between abnormalities in SPEM regulation and the distribution of tactile abnormalities, with more left-side extinguishing patients showing abnormal SPEMs. Some interpretations of the findings are given in the context of current hypotheses on the neurofunctional abnormalities of schizophrenics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Biological heterogeneity of major depressive disorder: indications by sleep EEG and TRH stimulation test findings.

A group of 27 patients with definite (n = 20) or probable (n = 7) RDC major depressive disorder underwent 2 sleep EEGs and 1 TRH test while in a drug-free depressive phase. A short mean REM latency (less than 60 min) identified 55.5% of major depressives while added use of blunted TSH responses (delta max. less than 5 microU/ml) increased that percentage by 11%. When patients were subdivided into RDC endogenous and nonendogenous, mean REM latency and global depression scores distinguished the 2 groups, while delta TSH did not. A short mean REM latency identified endogenous depression with 80% specificity and 76% sensitivity. The combination of REM latency and delta TSH reduced the specificity to 60%, and therefore cannot be recommended for differentiating endogenous from nonendogenous depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Asymmetry of lateralised hemispheric functions in schizophrenia. Influence of clinical and epidemiological characteristics on quality extinction test performance.

The Quality Extinction Test was used to detect lateralised abnormalities of hemispheric functions in schizophrenic patients. Course of illness significantly affected the distribution of tactile extinctions, chronic patients showing more left-side extinctions than sub-chronic ones. Ages significantly affected the number of left extinctions, and sex the number of right extinctions. The importance of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients in determining the quality and degree of hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia was confirmed.

Extinction, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Interpretation of abnormal responses to the Quality Extinction Test in schizophrenia.

The Quality Extinction Test (QET) has proved to be valuable for detecting abnormal hemisphere functioning in neurological as well as psychiatric patients. The present and other studies have shown a higher frequency of left side extinction in schizophrenics. This has been attributed either to contralateral parietal malfunction or to ipsilateral frontal abnormality. To evaluate the role of different brain regions in determining tactile extinctions in schizophrenic patients, a population of 70 such subjects were subgrouped according to their QET scores (left, right, left/right, and non-extinguishers) and their neuropsychological task performance profiles were compared. Right extinguishers had QET scores similar to those of non-extinguishers; left/right extinguishers were closer to left extinguishers. Non-extinguishers were the best performers and left extinguishers the poorest, particularly where right hemisphere-dependent tasks were concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Quality extinction test and lateralized EEG focality: preliminary observations in a group of epileptic patients.

73 primary epileptic patients, grouped according to their clinical picture and EEG focality, were evaluated by means of a test of tactile extinction (Quality Extinction Test) in order to assess the usefulness of this test in detecting lateralized cerebral malfunctioning in neurological functional diseases. The data indicate an increase of tactile extinction in epileptic patients and a good relationship between side of focality and side of extinction.

Adult↗