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Biomedical subjects

S Schorr

Publications and source records attributed to S Schorr.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of metronidazole in patients with preterm birth in preceding pregnancy and bacterial vaginosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether treatment of bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole in patients with preterm delivery in the penultimate pregnancy from preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes reduces the risk of subsequent preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1989 to June 1992 patients with a singleton gestation between 13 and 20 weeks and a history of preterm birth in the preceding pregnancy from either idiopathic preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes were screened for bacterial vaginosis. Those with a positive screen were randomized to receive 250 mg of metronidazole three times a day for 7 days or placebo in a double-blind design. Data were analyzed with Student t and chi 2 tests, and differences considered significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Of 94 eligible patients, 80 were enrolled and completed the study, of which 44 received metronidazole. Both groups were comparable in number of entry variables. Compared with the placebo group, patients in the metronidazole group had significantly fewer hospital admissions for preterm labor, 12 (27%) versus 28 (78%); preterm births, eight (18%) versus 16 (39%); births of infants weighing < 2500 gm, six (14%) versus 12 (33%); and premature rupture of membranes, two (5%) versus 12 (33%). CONCLUSION: Treatment of bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole was effective in reducing preterm births in patients with a history of prematurity in the preceding pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Illness intrusiveness and quality of life in end-stage renal disease: comparison and stability across treatment modalities.

Investigated the degree to which chronic, life-threatening illness and its treatment interfere with continued involvements in valued activities and interests--that is, illness intrusiveness--and its impact on quality of life in end-stage renal disease. Data were collected on two occasions separated by a lag of 6 weeks. Mixed analyses of variance indicated that life domains were affected differentially across treatments. Perceived illness intrusiveness correlated significantly with treatment time requirements, uremic symptoms, intercurrent nonrenal illnesses, fatigue, and difficulties in daily activities. Significant quality-of-life differences were observed across treatment modalities for satisfaction/happiness and pessimism/illness-related concerns but not for depression/distress. Perceived illness intrusiveness correlated significantly with each of these quality-of-life measures. Results were stable over time. These findings substantiate the construct of illness intrusiveness as a mediator of the psychosocial impact of chronic, life-threatening illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Psychosocial predictors of survival in end-stage renal disease.

Several psychosocial variables were investigated as predictors of 4-year survival in a sample of 97 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing treatment by hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, or renal transplantation. Hypothesized psychosocial predictors included depression, mood disturbance, life happiness, affect, pessimism, self-esteem, knowledge of renal disease and its treatment, perceived control over important life domains, perceived intrusiveness of ESRD into important life domains, illness-related concerns, difficulties in daily activities, number of regular leisure activities, somatic symptoms of distress, social networks, recent negative life events, and defensive response styles. Methodological controls were incorporated to test the prognostic significance of these variables and included a) exclusion of deaths attributable to "unnatural" causes; b) multivariate statistical controls for physical and demographic determinants of survival; c) widely used standardized psychosocial instruments; and d) temporally aggregated psychosocial measurements to enhance reliability. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses identified four variables as significant and independent predictors of increased survival times in ESRD: a) comparatively fewer serious nonrenal comorbid illnesses; b) younger age; c) regular involvement in an increased number of leisure activities; and d) overall life happiness described as "an even mixture of unhappiness and happiness" (as compared with "very happy"). However, no evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that increased depressive symptoms and/or moods contribute to compromised survival in ESRD.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Cleidocranial dysplasia. A family study.

The incidental observation of Wormian bones in the skull and defective ossification of the public symphysis in a mildly scoliotic 12-year-old girl prompted a clinical and radiological study of members of her family. The diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) was established by observing similar skeletal abnormalities in eight out of ten of them but the classical clavicular defect in only one, the last to be examined. Abnormal modelling of the medial end of both clavicles was observed in all those affected. A modelling defect of the public bones is suggested as an additional, hitherto undescribed, radiological sign. The progression with age of certain radiological features of CCD is discussed. It is suggested that this family represents an atypical variant of CCD. Such variance may be more prevalent in patients with mild scoliosis than presently suspected. A complete skeletal survey with espeical attention to the skull, pelvis and medial aspect of the clavicle and family studies may be essential for the definitive diagnosis of CCD in certain patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Radiological aspects of the vertebral components of osteochondrodysplasias.

Analysis of the individual components of the vertebrae permits the radiologist to identify and understand the fundamental physio-pathologic growth mechanisms affecting shape, size and architecture which operated during development. The achievement of this goal is facilitated by systematically paying attention to changes of the vertebral end-plates, anterior and posterior aspects of the vertebral body, the vertebral rim, neurocentral junction and interpedicular distance. The dynamic changes noted in follow-up studies of the spine in certain dysplasias may reveal the developmental history of the vertebral complex. The dimension of time is an important factor, which the radiologist has a unique opportunity to exploit. Vertebral configuration permits radiological analysis and diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The Dyggve-Melchio-Clausen syndrome.

Two families with Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome are reported. In the first family, Jews from Morocco, six of 10 siblings are affected. In the second family, a consanguineous marriage of Arabs from Gaza, two of three children are affected. A description of the skeletal changes in patients ranging in age from 4 to 25 years is presented. The radiologic signs of generalized platyspondyly with double humped end plates and the lace-like appearance of thickened iliac crests are pathognomonic and distinctive of the syndrome. The diagnostic features of the disease are compared to those of Morguio's disease, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Spondyloenchondrodysplasia. Enchondromatomosis with severe platyspondyly in two brothers.

Two brothers affected by enchondromatosis with marked involvement of the spine including platyspondyly were followed for 12 years. Both brothers were of short stature and normal intelligence. Vertebral involvement in multiple enchondromatosis is very rare. To our knowledge, marked generalized platyspondyly has not been described in the literature as part of this condition. At present, this form cannot be placed within any previously described category. A new term--spondyloenchondrodysplasia--is proposed for this condition which may either be a subform of multiple enchondromatosis or an entirely different and distinct entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A consideration of the systemic factors that influence frontal sinus pneumatization.

The authors present the embryology and comparative anatomy of the frontal sinuses pertinent to a discussion of the systemic factors which influence frontal sinus pneumatization. There are at least three important factors involved: 1) craniofacial configuration, 2) thickness of the frontal bone, 3) growth hormones. Various clinical entities which illustrate these points are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postmortem intraosseous phlebography. Anatomical, topographic and hemodynamic problems].

Intraosseous injection of potassium iodide was carried out at the level of the malleolus and the iliac crests in 90 cadavers. Information concerning the anatomy of the veins and concerning different organs was also obtained. We still need to compare this information with that from in vivo phlebography and the results from biopsy. Radiographic films taken at the moment of injection and at various times up to 60 minutes after injection, show the filling not only of the local veins in the lower extremities or the pelvis, but also a flow of contrast material through the abdominal organs and up to the level of the brachio-cephalic veins. Studies on cadavers in the vertical position show little or no difference. We show the filling of the venous system and especially the hepatic and renal veins. Various considerations on the nature of this dynamic effect in the cadaver are discussed, but this will need further study. There are certainly limits of exactitude for this method in comparison with autopsy. The method is not expected to supersede angiography in living patients. It is rather a complementary technique to be used especially in cases where an in vivo angiographic study is lacking or where a biopsy is impossible. In certain cases it is possible to discover radiologically anatomical lesions which are difficult to detect by autopsy or are easily distorted by this procedure.

Bone and Bones↗