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Biomedical subjects

S Seitz

Publications and source records attributed to S Seitz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Program of Medical Information System and diseases of the respiratory tract (CMD, No.4). Study of 1,020 hospital stays out of the total of 18,253 hospitalizations at the Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Gaudens in the framework of the National Study of Costs].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse hospital activity, the characteristics and course of patients having been classified, by the programme of medical information system (French PMSI) in the major diagnostic category of respiratory disorders (CMD n(o) 4). STUDY: Using the files created by Saint-Gaudens Hospital (145 acute beds, 7000 annual admissions) for three years within the context of the national study of the cost of medical activity. A descriptive statistical analysis then an explanation of the variations of consumptions by stay and by patient. RESULTS: In CMD n(o) 4 there were 26 homogeneous groups of patients (GHM) representing 1020 hospital admissions (out of a total of 18,253) of whom 76 were admitted as an emergency, 63 were in the thoracic medicine group and 27 had a spell in intensive care, 73% were discharged home and 9.8% died. CMD n(o) 4 represented 9% of the hospitals synthetic activity index (ISA). Of these 822 patients had a mean age of 70, 60% of them had chronic disease and 20% were living alone. The variations of cost had been explained by GHM (P < 0.001), test of variants [ANOVA]) as well as by complementary indicators (performance status WHO) and a simplified index of severity. Men, elderly subjects and those with chronic disease consumed more. Hospital activity determined from CMD n(o) 4 has been compared to an extraction of stays based on pure diagnostic medicine (thoracic medicine) of the principal disorder: important differences were apparent, explained in large part by the method of admission, by the PMSI, respiratory tumours and ambulatory care. CONCLUSION: An analysis of activity in thoracic medicine has been able to give an over view of the hospital with the reserves linked to the system which were essentially economic and should be able to be compensated by later improvements seeking to give a more medical aspect to the description of hospital stays.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

BRCA1 mutations in German breast-cancer families.

We analyzed germline mutations of the BRCA1 gene in 20 German breast/ovarian-cancer families. BRCA1 mutations co-segregating with breast-cancer susceptibility were identified in 3 of these families. All mutations were found to generate a premature stop codon leading to the synthesis of truncated BRCA1 proteins of different length. Nine polymorphisms were detected in BRCA1, 4 of which have not been described previously. Analysis of familial tumors for LOH revealed that only the disease-related allele of BRCA1 was present.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A defined chromosome 6q fragment (at D6S310) harbors a putative tumor suppressor gene for breast cancer.

Recent evidence obtained by cytogenetic and molecular studies indicates that in breast cancer chromosome 6q is often affected by genetic changes suggesting the existence of putative tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). However the function of gene(s) on this chromosome in breast cancer suppression is not understood. To substantiate further the presence of breast cancer related TSGs at 6q and to define their location, we first performed microcell-mediated transfer of chromosome 6 to CAL51 breast cancer cells for studying possible suppression of malignant phenotype and secondly, we analysed DNAs from 46 primary breast cancers for loss of constitutive heterozygosity (LOH) using 24 poly-morphic microsatellite markers. The chromosome transfer resulted in loss of tumorigenicity and reversion of other neoplastic properties of the microcell hybrids. Polymorphism analysis of single hybrids revealed that they harbored only a small donor chromosome fragment defined by the marker D6S310 (6q23.3-q25) and flanked by D6S292 and D6S311. The LOH data suggest that four tumor suppressor gene loci mapped to the central and distal portion of 6q may be independently deleted in breast cancer. One of these regions corresponds to the region identified by chromosome transfer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Improvement of cardiac performance and metabolism in long-term diabetes mellitus after treatment with insulin [see comment].

Rat hearts induced diabetic by administration of streptozotocin were investigated after 8 months using the isolated perfused working rat heart model at a physiological workload of approximately 45 min. They are hemodynamically characterized by a significantly reduced cardiac output (p < 0.001) and metabolically by a 49% reduction in glucose utilization (p < 0.001), mainly caused by reduced glucose uptake (p < 0.001) and an increased lactate and pyruvate production (p < 0.001), associated with a reduction of oxygen consumption by 44% (p < 0.001). Both lead to reduced ATP and CP myocardial tissue levels (p < 0.001). Similar results with respect to cardiac performance and metabolism are observed already after 2 months of diabetes. Treating these rats after 2 months of diabetes with insulin for 6 months, cardiac output (ns), cardiac metabolism (ns), oxygen uptake (ns) as well as ATP and CP levels (ns) are restored, indicating that normalization of cardiac function in this model depends mainly on the restored cardiac metabolism. These findings were associated with changes in the angioarchitecture as demonstrated.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1995

A method for the simultaneous determination of creatinine and uric acid in serum by high-performance-liquid-chromatography evaluated versus reference methods.

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with isocratic ion-pair-reversed-phase separation and simultaneous UV-detection at 232 nm and 292 nm is proposed as a method for the simultaneous determination of uric acid and creatinine in serum. The only sample preparation required is an appropriate dilution with the eluent and membrane filtration on non-adsorbent 0.2 micron membrane-filtration-devices. The inaccuracy of the method has been determined for NIST-SRM-909 (n = 10) and was + 0.5% for creatinine as well as for uric acid. The imprecision in this case was 0.8% for both analytes. The within-run imprecision for creatinine/uric acid was 0.4-0.5%/0.2-0.4% in the case of standards and 0.6-0.8%/0.4-0.7% in the case of serum-pools. The between-run imprecision for creatinine/uric acid obtained from serum pools was 0.8-1.1%/0.7-1.0%. The results for creatinine have been compared to those from an isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using [13C, 15N2]creatinine as internal standard and selected mass detection at m/e = 329 and m/e = 332. The results for uric acid have been compared to an HPLC-method published previously (Kock R et al. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1989; 27:157-62). The method comparisons (n = 55) for the new combined method presented versus the reference method for creatinine and the candidate reference method for uric acid resulted in coefficients of correlation of r = 1.000 for both analytes. The new combined method presented is useful for the analysis of patient samples where the classical photometric procedures do not give reliable results, as often observed in monitoring after transplantation surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1994

Comparative effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat.

BACKGROUND: After myocardial infarction, the noninfarcted left ventricle develops reactive hypertrophy associated with a depressed coronary flow reserve, myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and reduced capillary density. The present study investigated the comparative cardiac effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) blockade in the rat model of myocardial infarction and failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seven days after coronary ligation (MI), rats were randomized to enalapril (n = 8; 500 micrograms.kg-1.d-1), losartan (n = 9; 3 mg.kg-1.d-1), or placebo (n = 8) and treated for 6 weeks. Sham-operated rats (n = 10) served as controls. Coronary blood flow was measured with radiolabeled microspheres during baseline and maximal coronary dilation induced by dipyridamole (2 mg.kg-1.min-1 over 10 minutes). Right and left ventricular (LV) weight was increased in infarcted rats compared with sham-operated animals and enalapril- and losartan-treated MI rats. Minimal LV and right ventricular coronary vascular resistance was increased in MI rats but normalized with enalapril and losartan (LV:sham, 8.9; MI-placebo, 12.7; MI-enalapril, 9.2; MI-losartan, 8.8 mm Hg.mL-1.min-1.g-1, all P < .05 versus MI-placebo). Interstitial fibrosis determined from perfusion-fixed hearts was increased in infarcted rats but reduced by both enalapril and losartan. Myocardial capillary density improved with enalapril and losartan. In separate groups treated as above, plasma and tissue ACE activity was determined and demonstrated significantly higher ACE activity in noninfarcted LV tissue of MI-placebo rats compared with sham (0.64 vs 0.27 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, P < .05). Enalapril and losartan reduced LV ACE activity (0.39 and 0.29 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, P < .05 versus MI-placebo). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that both chronic ACE inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade (1) reduces cardiac hypertrophy, (2) restores minimal coronary vascular resistance in postinfarction reactive hypertrophy, and (3) attenuates the development of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the noninfarcted LV. These results suggest that inhibition of generation of angiotensin II and AT1 receptor blockade are equally effective in preventing important features of ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1993

Angioarchitecture in the heart of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.

The effects of chronic streptozotozin-induced diabetes mellitus on the angioarchitecture of the heart in male Wistar rats were studied with the use of cast preparations and scanning electron microscopy. The following results were obtained in normal rats. Epicardial arteries branch obliquely and run parallel to the outer surface of the heart. Arterioles emerging from these arteries run in different directions. They show a fold-like structure equipped with a prearteriole sphincter. The capillaries in the myocardium form a net-like architecture with many H-like and Y-like anastomoses. Venous capillaries run directly into small veins at right angles while venules converge to form small veins at acute angles. In rats which have been suffering from diabetes mellitus for 8 months the capillary system appears less systematically arranged. The venous system generally exhibits dilatations. Dilatations were also seen along capillaries at short distances. In rats which had had untreated diabetes mellitus for 2 months and then 6 months of insulin treatment, a dilatation of the whole venous system was seen, but there were no significant changes in the capillary system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Resting energy expenditure in lung and colon cancer.

Elevated resting energy expenditure (REE) is a possible mechanism of cancer cachexia. We measured REE by whole-body direct calorimetry in patients with colon and non-small cell lung cancer and compared the results with REE in groups of healthy subjects and in patients with anorexia nervosa, with nonmalignant gastrointestinal (GI) disease, with miscellaneous reasons for weight loss, and with chronic lung disease. The mean REE of the cancer patients was not different from healthy subjects, those with GI disease, miscellaneous causes of cachexia, and chronic lung disease, and there was no significant difference in REE between those cancer patients with weight loss and controls with weight loss, except for the anorexia nervosa patients. The REE of the anorexia nervosa patients (female) was significantly lower than the REE of females with lung cancer. Weight loss correlated with REE in female lung cancer patients. Serial comparison of REE of ten cancer patients who lost 5% to 18% of their body weight during study showed no consistent change in REE. We conclude that patients with colon and non-small cell lung cancer, including those with weight loss, have REE similar to normal controls. Relative hypermetabolism may contribute to cancer cachexia, as may absolute hypermetabolism in some subsets of cancer patients.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1984

Respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic effects of enteral hyperalimentation: influence of formula dose and composition.

Respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic changes were monitored during balance studies in undernourished patients receiving continuous enteral formula feeding. The nutrient solutions, either high carbohydrate (83% of kcal) or high fat (50% of kcal), were administered at doses ranging from 2.7 to 6.0 X 10(-2) kcal X kg fat free body mass-1 X min-1. For both formulas, the observed physiological changes between fasting and the lower rates of energy infusion (ie, maintenance-slow growth) were either zero or relatively small. As formula dose was advanced into the rapid repletional range, physiological changes were more pronounced; there were linear increases in oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation, heat production, heat release, nitrogen balance, and change in heart rate from the base-line (all p less than 0.05 for both formulas). The rate at which carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation, and heat production increased with advancing energy infusion rate was also greater for the high carbohydrate formula relative to the high fat formula (p less than 0.02, less than 0.07, and less than 0.06, respectively). The physiological changes caused by continuous intragastric feeding are therefore a function of formula infusion rate and composition. Knowledge of these changes can be applied to patients treated for semistarvation who suffer respiratory or cardiac insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Mothers' and graduate trainees' judgements of children: some effects of labeling.

Graduate students in a clinical practicum in mental retardation and mothers randomly chosen from a university community were asked to rate retarded and nonretarded children on characteristics reflecting social competence and interpersonal attractiveness and also on a social distance scale. The children rated were viewed on videotape in free-play interactions with their mothers. Each retarded child was shown once as an unlabeled child and once as a child labeled retarded. Mothers rated the retarded children as different from the nonretarded children on six of nine measures, regardless of label. When the retarded children were labeled, they were rated by mothers as significantly higher on items related to attractiveness than when they were unlabeled. Graduate student trainees' ratings did not discriminate between retarded children as a function of labeling, with one exception: like mothers, trainees rated retarded children as more likable when labeled. However, both observer groups placed retarded children, regardless of status, significantly farther from themselves on the social distance scale than they placed nonretarded children. The results were interpreted within the theoretical frameworks of Zigler (1971) and Mercer (1973).

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Pronoun assessment: a free speech technique.

A study of the free speech pronoun usage of 15 normal and 15 language-delayed children showed that it is possible to distinguish between children at five different levels of language development by considering linguistically relevant pronoun properties. The discriminating measure considered the frequency of pronoun types as a percentage of the child's total utterances. It is suggested that eliciting child utterances in a free play situation with the principal caregiver provides a good language sample and has potential as a diagnostic method.

Age Factors↗