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Biomedical subjects

S Shankman

Publications and source records attributed to S Shankman.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

MR imaging of bone lesions of the ankle and foot.

MR imaging is frequently used to evaluate patients with ankle and foot pain, with or without a relationship to trauma or other known clinical outcomes. Abnormal signal intensity of the bone marrow is the common denominator of all entities described in this article, including bone contusion, fractures, osteonecrosis, transient osteoporosis, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Specific MR imaging features in association with the available clinical and radiographic findings can be helpful not only to supply an accurate diagnosis but also to provide valuable information for staging and proper management of the condition.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Glenohumeral instability: evaluation using MR arthrography of the shoulder.

In the setting of glenohumeral instability or when internal derangement of the shoulder joint is suspected, MR arthrography has been demonstrated to be an accurate diagnostic imaging technique. Knowledge of the complex anatomy of the shoulder and its variations is essential in order to maximize diagnostic accuracy.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Subperiosteal osteoid osteoma: radiographic and pathologic manifestations.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the radiologic and pathologic manifestations of osteoid osteoma arising beneath the periosteum, on the surface of the bone. DESIGN: One hundred and sixty osteoid osteomas were seen over a 30-year period. The radiologic, pathologic and operative findings of those that were subperiosteal were reviewed. PATIENTS: Eleven patients with subperiosteal osteoid osteoma were reviewed. The patients ranged in age from 13 to 36 years with a mean of 24 years. Eight were male and three were female. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eleven subperiosteal lesions were studied. The reactive periostitis of four lesions was atypical and misleading. Four lesions had features similar to the more common intracortical variety. Three lesions occurring within the joint like other intra-articular lesions were barely seen on plain radiographs. Bone scan and CT scan were virtually diagnostic. The histopathology of these lesions was also atypical though not misleading. In conclusion, subperiosteal osteoid osteoma is a rare lesion with atypical radiographic and histopathologic features. The unusual reactive periostitis seen in several extra-articular cases may suggest other diagnoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Anterior horn of the lateral meniscus: another potential pitfall in MR imaging of the knee.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that speckled increased signal intensity at the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus near its central attachment site on sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images of the knee is a normal finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 22 patients (17 male and five female patients; age range, 13-74 years; mean, 38 years) who underwent arthroscopy after MR imaging, knee MR images that showed speckled increased signal intensity at the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus near its central attachment site on two consecutive sagittal proton-density-weighted images were selected for retrospective review. In addition, a review of 11 knee MR examinations of nine healthy volunteers (five men and four women; age range, 27-43 years; mean, 34 years) was performed. RESULTS: Arthroscopic examination of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus in all 22 patients was normal. Increased signal intensity at the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus was seen on the images of seven of the 11 MR studies of the volunteers. CONCLUSION: Increased signal intensity at the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus near its central attachment site on knee MR images does not represent a meniscal tear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Intracortical and subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cysts: a report of three cases.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the long bones in a purely intracortical or subperiosteal location is unusual. Three such cases are reported, and the radiographic and pathologic differential diagnoses are discussed. Those subperiosteal or intracortical aneurysmal bone cysts with radiographic features similar to the intramedullary variety should suggest the same diagnosis. However, the radiographic features may be less specific, so that a diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst must be entertained when considering a subperiosteal or intracortical lytic lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Presence of Y chromosome sequences and their effect on the phenotype of six patients with Y chromosome anomalies.

The extent of Y chromosome material was determined in 6 southern African subjects with sex chromosome anomalies. Four of the subjects were phenotypically female, and 2 were phenotypically male. Molecular and cytogenetic findings were correlated with phenotypic expression. An X;Y translocation was found in both male subjects, and in one female subject. The remaining female subjects were characterized by an isodicentric Y, an isochromosome Yq, and a micromarker of undetermined origin, respectively. The individuals were tested for the presence of a number of Y-specific DNA sequences. Molecular findings were generally compatible with the cytogenetic findings, and also with the phenotypic sex of the patients. All the female subjects had Y material and all but one were negative for the sex determining region of the Y (SRY). The somatic Ullrich-Turner-like findings present in 3 of the females were attributed to either the presence of a 45,X cell line and/or a single copy of Xp. The males both showed X;Y translocations without any detectable loss of Y DNA. Although molecularly very similar, the disparate clinical findings in these 2 subjects could have been accounted for by different X inactivation patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

XX true hermaphroditism in southern African blacks: exclusion of SRY sequences and uniparental disomy of the X chromosome.

A molecular investigation of 16 Bantu-speaking Black XX true hermaphrodites was undertaken in an attempt to determine the cause of the disorder. Y-specific sequences, including sequences mapping to the sex-determining region of the Y, were shown to be absent from lymphocyte tissue of all 16 patients tested. Y chromosome sequences were also absent from the ovarian and testicular components of both ovotestes of a single XX true hermaphrodite, thus excluding gonadal mosaicism involving Y chromosome sequences. Since there is evidence for Xp genes involved in testis determination/differentiation, uniparental disomy of the X chromosome was investigated in 14 XXTH families. Uniparental disomy was excluded in 12 of the 14 families, and isodisomy was excluded in the remaining two cases.

Africa, Southern↗
PubMed1994

Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow disorders of the knee.

Bone marrow abnormalities around the knee are encountered frequently when performing MR imaging. Some of these so-called abnormalities may represent normal variations of the bone marrow contents and have no clinical significance. On other occasions, MR imaging may be the only technique that demonstrates a bone marrow lesion. Edema, osteonecrosis, infection, and tumor are entities frequently detected and assessed with MR imaging. We now, perhaps for the first time, are able to visualize and assess directly the bone marrow and its disorders. Knowledge of normal anatomy, variants, and pathologic signs coupled with meticulous imaging techniques are of paramount importance for accurate interpretation of such MR images.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1994

Tumors of the ankle and foot.

Although tumor and tumor-like conditions of the foot and ankle are unusual, certain bone and soft tissue lesions are more common than others. Conventional radiographs remain essential in all such cases and are especially specific for intraosseous tumors. MR imaging is more sensitive to the presence and extent of both bone and soft tissue lesions.

Ankle↗
PubMed1992

Osteoid osteoma: radiologic and pathologic correlation.

Sixty-seven cases of osteoid osteoma were studied at the Hospital for Joint Diseases between 1980 and 1989. The lesions were categorized according to location: medullary, cortical, or subperiosteal and were further grouped as intracapsular and extracapsular. The histologic features of trabecular thickness, reactive bone formation, proportion of fibrovascular stroma, and ratio of osteoid and mineralized matrix were examined. The radiographic features were compared. The literature is reviewed. We include our experience with tetracycline labelling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Rapid destructive osteoarthritis: clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features.

Twenty-seven cases of an unusual, poorly recognized destructive hip arthropathy with radiographic findings of rapid severe joint destruction are presented. Radiographic findings mimicked those of other disorders such as septic arthritis, rheumatoid and seronegative arthritis, primary osteonecrosis with secondary osteoarthritis, or neuropathic osteoarthropathy, but none of the patients had clinical, pathologic, or laboratory evidence of these entities. All patients underwent hip arthroplasty, and osteoarthritis was confirmed at pathologic examination. Rapid progression of hip pain and disability was a consistent clinical feature. The average duration of symptoms was 1.4 years. Radiographs obtained at various intervals before surgery (average, 18 months) in nine patients documented rapid hip destruction. Involvement was unilateral in 89% (24 of 27 cases). Twenty patients (83%) were elderly women. The authors postulate that these cases represent an uncommon, rapidly destructive subset of osteoarthritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Ligamentous injuries to the wrist. Imaging techniques.

The variety of imaging techniques available to the clinician facilitates the diagnosis of acute and chronic wrist disorders. In most cases, conventional radiographs provide sufficient information. Computed and trispiral tomography, arthrography, video-fluoroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging are additional imaging techniques that are useful in making the correct diagnosis and deciding on a course of treatment.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1990

Intracapsular paraarticular chondroma of the knee.

Intracapsular or paraarticular chondromas are seldom mentioned in the literature. They generally occur in the area around the knee, and must be recognized and differentiated from other soft-tissue tumors that appear at this site such as sarcomas containing focal calcification or ossification, and from other cartilaginous lesions such as synovial chondromatosis. We present a case of intracapsular chondroma of the knee in a 63-year-old woman. A biopsy was performed to rule out the possibility of a soft-tissue sarcoma.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Giant cell tumor of the ischium. A report of two cases and review of the literature.

The ischium represents one of the rarest sites of giant cell tumor of bone. Two additional cases are presented here. The unusual site, aggressive appearance and occurrence in older individuals are suggestive of other primary and secondary malignancies. Characteristic features of giant cell tumor and current treatment options are reviewed.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI of the shoulder.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder is routinely used, especially in the evaluation of rotator cuff disease and glenohumeral instability. More recent studies have provided a more sophisticated understanding of what represents a pathologic rotator cuff. Similarly, there has been an increased focus on the role of the glenohumeral ligaments and their labral attachment sites in maintaining glenohumeral stability. There have been technical advances as well, including the increased use of magnetic resonance arthrography. In addition, newer studies have shed light on the pathophysiology of the long bicipital tendon and compression neuropathies involving the suprascapular and axillary nerves.

Arthrography↗