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S Shiga

Publications and source records attributed to S Shiga.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Differentiation of Chlamydia species by combined use of polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis.

To differentiate Chlamydia spp., a primer pair designed to generate a genus-specific region of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene was used in a PCR to amplify a single DNA fragment of 245-259 bp. In the PCR, the expected single DNA fragment was amplified from strains of Chlamydia trachomatis, C. psittaci, C. pneumoniae and C. pecorum, respectively. By restriction endonuclease analysis with AluI and PvuII, the amplified products exhibited four distinct patterns, corresponding to the four species. It is, therefore, concluded that one-step PCR followed by restriction endonuclease analysis as described in this study could be a valuable method for the detection and differentiation of Chlamydia species.

Chlamydia↗
PubMed1997

Laboratory diagnosis of anemia and related diseases using multivariate analysis.

To establish a simple computer program for the laboratory diagnosis of anemia and related diseases, multivariate analyses were applied to the results of routine hematological laboratory tests obtained from 48 patients and 51 healthy volunteers. The patients studied were limited to those who had not been treated hematologically by the time of their first visit to our hospital, and their first data obtained in our laboratory were analyzed. Final diagnoses were aplastic anemia (AA) in 21, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in 14, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in 3, polycytemia vera (PV)in 3, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in 7. Eight parameters, WBC, RBC, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and PLT, were transformed to normal distribution and then applied to principal component analysis to evaluate their independence. Very close relationships were observed between Ht and Hb, and between MCV and MCH. One each of these pairs was selected by discriminant analysis and two sets, RBC, MCH, Hb, PLT, and WBC, and RBC, MCV, Ht, PLT, and WBC, were obtained. Two canonical components gave good discrimination of these five diseases and also of normal subjects. When disease prediction was made using this analysis, 37 of 48 patients (77.1%) were predicted correctly, and furthermore, when two disease predictions were allowed, all patients were diagnosed properly. Some overlaps were observed in this two-dimensional coordinate system, especially of AA and MDS, and also with normal subjects. To improve the system further, the additional parameters of age and sex were added to construct a three-dimensional analysis which resulted in much clearer discrimination. The whole procedure described is being developed with subjects who are not taking medication. Subsequently, the general application of this analytical procedure should be limited to only those not on medications. In conclusion, this is in essence a demonstration project; however, this trial of laboratory diagnosis using routine hematological laboratory results appears to be promising. Further extension of the study by increasing numbers of patients and disorders studied, including secondary anemias, will allow the design of diagnostic software for use with personal computers at the sites of primary care.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical study of cellular fibronectin in preretinal membranes.

BACKGROUND: The presence of fibronectin has been shown in preretinal membranes from eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. It is not clear, however, which type of fibronectin (plasma or cellular) is present in preretinal membranes. METHODS: A human cellular fibronectin antibody was used to immunohistochemically determine if cellular fibronectin only demonstrates presence or association with proliferation of preretinal membranes. RESULTS: The results revealed a diffuse distribution of cellular fibronectin within membranes extracted from proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients, and a localized distribution of neovascular vessels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy membranes. CONCLUSION: Cellular fibronectin produced locally in preretinal membranes may contribute a local, cell-mediated process to cell proliferation or migration and the expression of cellular fibronectin by the cellular constituents of preretinal membranes is unique to this pathologic situation like proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of pediatric Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and properties of the isolate].

Chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated from the throat of a 2-year-old girl with upper respiratory illness. The isolate, Shizuoka-37, was stained with C. pneumoniae specific monoclonal antibody (RR402), as well as the genus specific antibody (Cultureset), but not with C. trachomatis specific monoclonal antibody (Micro-Trak). C. pneumoniae genome was amplified by polymerase chain reaction in the isolate. Elementary bodies (EB) of the isolate was round shaped by electron micrograph.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

[Immunohistochemical localization of blood-retinal barrier breakdown after argon laser photocoagulation in the monkey retina].

Retinal photocoagulation induces breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), but the site of the breakdown is not precisely known. The breakdown and repair of BRB following argon laser photocoagulation were studied in the monkey retina by immunohistochemical localization of serum albumin. Argon laser photocoagulation was performed to obtain ordinary burns as in human use. 1, 3, and 7 days after photocoagulation, serum albumin was observed in the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium, but not around the retinal blood vessels. The immunostaining disappeared within 14 and 28 days after photocoagulation. The results of this study suggest that photocoagulation induces local breakdown of the outer BRB and that the breakdown is repaired within 14 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pigment-dispersing hormone-like peptide in the nervous system of the flies Phormia and Drosophila: immunocytochemistry and partial characterization.

beta-pigment-dispersing hormone (beta-PDH) isolated from the fiddler crab (Rao et al., '85) is a member of an octadecapeptide family of neuropeptides common to arthropods. Whereas earlier studies of these peptides in insects were limited to orthopterans, this investigation focuses on dipteran flies. Extracts of heads from the blowfly Phormia terraenovae were assessed in a fiddler crab bioassay for PDH activity. Immunocytochemistry, dose-response curves, gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC, combined with bioassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indicate the presence of PDH-like peptide in the blowfly. Immunocytochemical mapping of PDH-like immunoreactive (PDHLI) neurons was performed for the entire nervous systems of Phormia and the fruitfly Drosophila with a beta-PDH antiserum. In the cephalic ganglion (brain, optic lobe and subesophageal ganglion) PDHLI cell bodies could be detected (34 in Phormia and 16 in Drosophila). In both species, each hemisphere contains 8 PDHLI cell bodies in the optic lobes. These innervate the optic lobe neuropils bilaterally. In Phormia, another set of 8 cell bodies are located in each of the lateral neurosecretory cell groups in the superior protocerebrum. These neurons send axons to the corpora cardiaca-hypocerebral ganglion complex and to portions of the foregut. In contrast, only the optic lobe neurons display immunoreactivity in Drosophila. Except for the optic lobes, PDHLI processes are distributed only in nonglomerular neurophils of the brain of both species. In the fused thoracico-abdominal ganglia of Phormia, 28 PDHLI cell bodies were found (only six were found in Drosophila). In both species, six abdominal PDHLI neurons are efferents with axons innervating the hindgut. We also found that some of the PDHLI neurons in the Phormia brain and abdominal ganglion contain colocalized FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Since the flies studied here do not display hormonally controlled, fast pigment migrations, the PDH-like peptide may have a role as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system, especially in the visual system, and a regulatory role in the stomatogastric system and the hind-gut.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of storage conditions on the infectivity of Chlamydia pneumonia].

In order to facilitate the isolation of C. pneumoniae, strain similar TWAR, with high frequency, we investigated the effect of various factors on the infectivity of Chlamydia using two laboratory strains, C. pneumoniae TWAR and C. trachomatis serovar D. The factors tested were the effects of different temperatures for storage conditions, saliva from healthy person, storage media for Chlamydia, and the frequency of freezing and thawing. Chlamydial suspension was prepared in the two media, SPG (sucrose-phosphate-glutamate buffer pH 7.5), and CT-GM (culture medium for Chlamydia which contains 1 micrograms/ml cycloheximide and 0.04% glucose). Chlamydial suspension was allowed to stand in each of four different thermal conditions: 37 degrees C, room temperature (25 degrees C), 4 degrees C, 0 degrees C and -75 degrees C for 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours. For storage at -75 degrees C, one of three groups of glass vial tubes containing Chlamydia was covered with an "airmat" to prevent the rapid freezing of Chlamydia. The effect of various factors on the infectivity was assayed by inoculation of the suspension on HeLa 229 cell monolayers. Results showed that the infectivity rapidly decreased at 37 degrees C and room temperature, while at 4 degrees C, 0 degrees C and -75 degrees C, relatively high infectivity was maintained and contained until days 4 to 6. This decreasing pattern was similar to among the media used. We were not able to find any differences in the infectivity among the samples with or without the "airmat".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chlamydia↗
PubMed1993

Epizootiological study of hantavirus infection among Rattus norvegicus in Tokyo Bay area, Japan.

The prevalence of antibodies against hantavirus in 413 rats (Rattus norvegicus) captured in eight regions of the Tokyo Bay area from 1983 to 1992 were examined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Antibody-positive rats were found in Tokyo Port in 1983 (34.8%), 1984 (25.9%), 1985 (22.0%) and 1986 (15.6%), in Kasai Seaside Park in 1989 (3.2%) and 1990 (4.2%) and in Chiba Port in 1990 (6.7%). In Tokyo Port, antibody-positive rats were found in any season in 1984 and 1985, and seroprevalences among two age groups, i. e., less than six months and six or more months of age were 18.1% and 28.4%, respectively. Three virus strains were isolated from rats captured on reclaimed land No. 13 in Tokyo Port in 1985 and named TQR-23, TQR-48 and TQR-50. These strains were antigenically identical with other rat strains, e. g., strain SR-11 and TR-352 but were discriminated from 76-118 strain by the neutralization test. Until 1990, persistence of hantavirus among rats inhabiting the Tokyo Bay area was demonstrated and hantavirus may be continuously prevalent in rats in this area.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pigment-dispersing hormone immunoreactive neurons in the blowfly nervous system.

We could demonstrate pigment-dispersing hormone immunoreactive (PDHIR) neurons in the brain and ventral ganglia of the blowfly Phormia terraenovae. PDHIR neurons were found in the optic lobe. Their processes supply the lamina, medulla and lobula complex bilaterally. Large PDHIR cell bodies in the protocerebrum have processes in the proto- and tritocerebrum and axons to the aorta wall and foregut. Eight pairs of PDHIR neurons are found dorsally and three pairs ventrally in the fused abdominal neuromeres; one pair is located ventrally in each of the thoracic neuromeres. The ventral abdominal PDHIR neurons are efferents that innervate the hindgut. PDHIR neurons may play different functional roles as neurohormones or neuromodulators in different parts of the nervous system and its peripheral targets.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neurons and their relation to serotonergic neurons in the blowfly and cockroach visual system.

The pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) family of neuropeptides comprises a series of closely related octadecapeptides, isolated from different species of crustaceans and insects, which can be demonstrated immunocytochemically in neurons in the central nervous system and optic lobes of some representatives of these groups (Rao and Riehm 1989). In this investigation we have extended these immunocytochemical studies to include the blowfly Phormia terraenovae and the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. In the former species tissue extracts were also tested in a bioassay: extracts of blowfly brains exhibited PDH-like biological activity, causing melanophore pigment dispersion in destalked (eyestalkless) specimens of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator. using standard immunocytochemical techniques, we could demonstrate a small number of pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive (PDH-IR) neurons innervating optic lobe neuropil in the blowfly and the cockroadh. In the blowfly the cell bodies of these neurons are located at the anterior base of the medulla. At least eight PDH-IR cell bodies of two size classes can be distinguished: 4 larger and 4 smaller. Branching immunoreactive fibers invade three layers in the medulla neuropil, and one stratum distal and one proximal to the lamina synaptic layer. A few fibers can also be seen invading the basal lobula and the lobula plate. The fibers distal to the lamina appear to be derived from two of the large PDH-IR cell bodies which also send processes into the medulla. These neurons share many features in their lamina-medulla morphology with the serotonin immunoreactive neurons LBO-5HT described earlier (see Nässel 1988). It could be demonstrated by immunocytochemical double labeling that the serotonin and PDH immunoreactivities are located in two separate sets of neurons. In the cockroach optic lobe PDH-IR processes were found to invade the lamina synaptic region and form a diffuse distribution in the medulla. The numerous cell bodies of the lamina-medulla cells in the cockroach are located basal to the lamina in two clusters. Additional PDH-IR cell bodies could be found at the anterior base of the medulla. The distribution and morphology of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the cockroach lamina was found to be very similar to the PDH-IR ones. It is hence tempting to speculate that in both species the PDH- and serotonin-immunoreactive neurons are functionally coupled with common follower neurons. These neurons may be candidates for regulating large numbers of units in the visual system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Isolation and identification of Chlamydia spp. from effusion of otitis media].

Three chlamydial strains isolated from patients of otitis media with effusion were studied by comparing reactivity to monoclonal antibody (MAb) and polyclonal antibody (PAb) produced against one clinical isolate (named Mk), which was first isolated by Dr Mukai (Mukai Microbiological Research Laboratory, Yamato-shi, Kanagawa prefecture). Commercially supplied antibody (Microtrak (Syva), Culture-set (Ortho diagnostic system)) was also used. To isolate the Chlamydia spp, the yolk sacs of eggs were immediately inoculated with sample effusions (0.2 to 0.4 ml per sac) as soon as the samples were received. The eggs were observed every day for a period of 12 days thereafter for signs of life or death. One to two blind passages were first done in the eggs and then in HeLa 229 cells. The reactivity was examined by both micro-IF tests, among various strains of Chlamydia (C. trachomatis: L2. C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci: Budgerigar, Izawa, Meningopneumonitis (MP)) and by immunoblot analysis. Chlamydia spp were isolated in two of the twenty-nine sample effusions (6.9%). These isolates were then tested for reactivity to MAb and PAb. It was found that MAb reacted with MP and Mk, but not with Budgerigar, Izawa and C. pneumoniae. The antibody of Culture-set reacted with C. trachomatis C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci. No reactivity was observed in Mk by MicroTrak. Immunoblot analysis revealed that MAb reacted with about 95 KDa protein of Mk, the two clinically isolated Chlamydia spp and MP. By using PAb from rabbits, similar blotting patterns were observed in Mk, the clinical isolates and MP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex viruses antigens--specificity and utility in rapid serotyping of clinical isolates].

Sixteen hybridomas secreting antibodies to HSV-1 and 22 hybridomas secreting antibodies to HSV-2 were derived from fusion of SP2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with each respective virus. Four of the former 16 hybridomas and seven of the latter 22 hybridomas were subcloned and injected into pristane-primed mice to obtain high titers of monoclonal antibodies. Antigen specificity of these monoclonal antibodies were determined by the Western blotting (WB) assay. Two out of four monoclonal antibodies that showed selective reactivity for HSV-1 in IFA, reacted with HSV-1 specific proteins; #1 reacted with 100 KD and 70 KD proteins and #4 with a 150 KD protein, respectively, while the remaining two antibodies reacted only with a 50 KD protein that is type-common antigen. On the other hand, two out of seven antibodies which showed selective reactivity for HSV-2 in IFA, reacted with HSV-2 specific proteins: #5 with a 100 KD protein and #10 with three proteins of 30, 25, and 20 KD, and the other two antibodies reacted with a 50 KD protein that is a type-common antigen. The remaining three antibodies, two of which were found to be immunoglobulin type IgM, reacted with neither HSV-1 nor HSV-2 antigens in WB assay. In order to determine their utility in serotyping, 11 monoclonal antibodies were examined by IFA test for reactivity to cells that were infected with 20 HSV-1 or 16 HSV-2 isolates which had been typed by neutralization test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

[Distribution of serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis isolates in Japan].

To study the serovar distribution of C. trachomatis in Japan, a total of 85 genital C. trachomatis isolates from male and female patients attending the clinics were examined by the microimmunofluorescence test using immune sera of the isolates produced in mice. Of these isolates, 34 (40.0%) were typed D or E, and 19 (22.4%) were typed G or F. The serovars of the remaining 32 isolates were B, H, I, J, and K, and the proportions of these serovars were from 8.2 to 3.5%. Thus, two thirds of C. trachomatis isolates in this country were found to fall into only four serovars, namely, D, E, G, and F, and, therefore, the epidemiology of C. trachomatis infection in Japan seems to be similar to that of other countries in North America and Europe. The relative distribution of serovars of C. trachomatis isolates from male patients and female patients somewhat differed. Serovars D, E, and G, F were isolated in the same ratio from male patients, while the isolation ratio of the former serovars was three times or more higher than the latter serovars in female patients. No isolate typed serovar K was found in male patients, while 15% of isolates from female patients were typed this serovar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical reference values for laboratory hematology tests calculated using the iterative truncation method with correction: Part 1. Reference values for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin quantity, hematocrit and other erythrocyte parameters including MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW].

Age and sex dependent differences in the clinical reference values for erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin quantity (Hb), hematocrit (Ht) and other erythrocyte parameters including MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and RDW (red cell distribution width), were calculated by the iterative truncation method with correction (Usui's method) using the results from tests on 6,300 patients' specimens obtained at Kyoto University Hospital. For RBC, Hb and Ht, the data obtained from the individuals below 13 years old showed the normal or sometimes log-normal distribution, but adjustment by the Xn-type variable transformation was often necessary to obtain the normal distribution for the data taken from the populations containing individuals over the age of 14. For the clinical reference values of RBC, Hb and Ht, no sex difference was observed below the age of 12. The values for males were significantly higher than those of females in the age range 13-79, and the values showed no significant sex-dependent difference at ages above 80. In females, age-dependent change of values for RBC, Hb and Ht was less prominent than in males; especially the upper limit values for females were very stable for all ages. MCV and MCH gradually increased with age both in males and females, and the MCHC remained constant in all age populations of male and female. The reference value for RDW was generated by the percentile method instead of the iterative truncation method because of the strong deviation in the distribution pattern, and the RDW values showed a gradual increase with age in both males and females.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Involvement of HLA in clinical courses of myasthenia gravis.

The relationship between the histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotypes and the clinical course of myasthenia gravis (MG) was studied in 53 Japanese patients with MG. The frequency of HLA-DRw9 antigen was high in the MG patients who did not need immunosuppressive therapy but only anticholinesterase agents (RR = 4.52; CP less than 0.02), who achieved remission of the disease (RR = 2.98; CP less than 0.05) or who showed a decrease in AChR antibody (Ab) titer (RR = 6.32; CP less than 0.0002), whereas the frequency of HLA-DRw8 antigen was increased in MG patients who underwent immunosuppressive therapy (RR = 4.03; CP less than 0.01), who did not have remission (RR = 4.75; CP less than 0.1) or who showed an increase in AChR Ab titer (RR = 6.48; CP less than 0.01). These data suggest that immunogenetic heterogeneity in MG might be reflected in its clinical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Electron spin relaxation of synthetic melanin and melanin-containing human tissues as studied by electron spin echo and electron spin resonance.

Electron spin lattice relaxation times (T1) and the phase memory times (Tm) were obtained for the synthetic melanin system from 3-hydroxytyrosine (dopa) by means of electron spin echo spectroscopy at 77 degrees K. Saturation behavior of the ESR spectra of melanins in melanin-containing tissue and of the synthetic melanin was also determined at the same temperature. The spin lattice relaxation time and the spectral diffusion time of the synthetic melanin are very long (4.3 ms and 101 microseconds, respectively, in the solid state), and the ESR signal saturates readily at low microwave powers. On the other hand, ESR spectra of natural melanins from the tissues chosen for this study, as well as those of synthetic melanins which contain Fe3+ of g = 4.3 and Mn2+ of g = 2, are relatively difficult to saturate compared with samples without such metal ions. These results show clearly that a large part of those two metal ions in sites responsible for the ESR spectral components with these particular g values are coordinated to melanin in melanin-containing tissue, and modify the magnetic relaxation behavior of the melanin. Accumulations of these metal ions in melanins are different from system to system, and they increase in the order: hair (black), retina and choroid (brown), malignant melanoma of eye and skin, and lentigo and nevus of skin.

Copper↗