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Biomedical subjects

S Similä

Publications and source records attributed to S Similä.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Oral antipyretic therapy: evaluation of the N-aryl-anthranilic acid derivatives mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid and flufenamic acid.

The antipyretic activity of three N-aryl-anthranilic acid derivatives, mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid and flufenamic acid, was compared and their optimal antipyretic dose determined in a trial in 87 children (aged 5 months to 15 years), who suffered from infections and fever exceeding 38.5 degrees C. Tolfenamic acid proved to be the most potent antipyretic agent of the three drugs; it was eight times more powerful than mefenamic acid and three times more powerful than flufenamic acid. The optimal antipyretic doses were: mefenamic acid 4 mg/kg, tolfenamic acid 0.5 mg/kg and flufenamic acid 1.5 mg/kg. It is evident that the antipyretic activity of these anthranilic acid derivatives is even greater than their antirheumatic effect, the difference being most noticeable in the case of tolfenamic acid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Lymphatic abnormalities in Noonan's syndrome.

Five boys who had Noonan's syndrome and lymphatic abnormalities are reported. The youngest boy had clinical lymphoedema and the other four showed dermal backflow after interdigital injection of Patent Blue indicating impairment of flow along the superficial lymphatics. One boy had severe bilateral chylothorax. The lymphographic findings in four of these boys are reported. Patients with the Noonan syndrome frequently have oedema of the hands and feet at birth, which decreases during the first years of life [10]. It has been demonstrated by lymphography that similar peripheral oedema in patients with the Turner's syndrome is due to lymphatic hypoplasia [1, 3]. We report certain lymphatic abnormalities diagnosed by lymphography in four out of five patients with Noonan's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Familial syndrome with panhypopituitarism, hypoplasia of the hypophysis, and poorly developed sella turcica.

Two sisters who died at the age of 2.5 years and 5 weeks are described. Both showed signs of panhypopituitarism. At necropsy, no hypophysis could be found in the first child and a rudimentary and partly ectopic hypophysis was found in the other. Both children had a flat, poorly developed sella turcica, and the sellar anomaly could be seen in skull x-rays. These patients represent a hereditary syndrome characterised by neonatal panhypopituitarism, hypoplasia of the pituitary gland, and flat sella turcica.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Antipyretic therapy. Comparison of rectal and oral paracetamol.

The absorption of paracetamol from syrup, tablet and two different suppository bases was compared in six adult volunteers using urinary excretion measurements. The total amount of paracetamol and its metabolites excreted and the peak excretion rates were lower from the suppository bases than from the oral dosage forms. Absorption was a little better from a polyethylene glycol suppository base than from a triglyceride base. The antipyretic efficacy of a paracetamol syrup and suppository at a dose of 10 mg/kg was compared in 30 children between the age of 4 months and 12 years, who had infections and a rectal temperature above 38.5 degrees C. Both dosage forms produced a significant decrease in temperature, the greatest fall being about 2 hours earlier with the oral dosage form. The syrup also seemed to be significantly (p less than 0.05) more effective (maximum fall of temperature 1.58 degrees C) in reducing fever than the suppository, which produced its greatest fall of temperature (1.24 degrees C) six hours after insertion of the suppository. From the practical point of view both forms can be regarded as safe and effective antipyretics.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1977

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone during the first day of life.

The plasma concentration of ACTH (by radioimmunoassay) was measured in 56 healthy parturients and their newborns. Umbilical cord and maternal venous blood were collected immediately after delivery. In addition one venous blood sample was taken from 50 newborns at the age of 15, 30, 60 min, 2, 6, 12, or 24 h. The maternal and cord plasma ACTH levels were higher than the levels in healthy nonpregnant women. There are no differences between the mean maternal (226 +/- 146 pg/ml) and cord (226 +/- 147 pg/ml) values of ACTH. The high ACTH levels of cord plasma remain unchanged for 30 min, decrease significantly during the 1-6 h after birth, because of the elimination process of the circulated foetal ACTH, and increase over the next 12-24 h and slightly thereafter indicating an initiation of neonatal pituitary ACTH secretion. The plasma ACTH level in the mothers with membranes ruptured for 1-5 h was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher compared with that in the mothers with membranes ruptured for less than 1 h. However, the duration of ruptured membranes appeared to have no effect on the cord blood ACTH level.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1977

ACTH levels in maternal, fetal and neonatal plasma after short-term prenatal dexamethasone therapy.

The effect of prenatal dexamethasone therapy (12, 8 and 4 mg doses given intramuscularly on three consecutive days) on ACTH levels in maternal plasma (n=33), mixed umbilical cord plasma (n=31) and plasma from the newborn (n=29) was studied, and the results were compared with those obtained in 56 healthy parturients and 50 of their newborn. Maternal ACTH after delivery was significantly lower in the mothers treated with dexamethasone than in the control group. Cord ACTH values were similar in the two groups. ACTH levels fell during the early neonatal period, but only at 12 to 24 hours were the ACTH levels significantly lower in the dexamethasone group than in the controls. Gestational age, birth weight and the interval between the dexamethasone therapy and delivery had no significant effect on cord ACTH levels. Short-term prenatal dexamethasone therapy seemed to have very little effect on ACTH secretion in the mother, in the fetus and in the newborn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Serum immunoglobulin levels in the course of anaphylactoid purpura in children.

Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE) were determined at frequent intervals in the course of anaphylactoid purpura (AP) in children. AP was cured without complications in 16 out of 26 cases, recurring in 7 cases. Melena was manifested in 9 cases and nephropathy in 5. The levels of IgA and IgM were elevated in AP, but serum IgG, IgD and IgE showed no significant changes. The serum level of IgM was significantly (p less than 0.0125) higher in patients with AP nephropathy than in those with recent AP. The elevated serum IgA and IgM levels are possibly related to the pathogenesis of AP and/or its renal involvement.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Serum immunoglobulin levels in the course of bacterial meningitis in children.

Serum levels of 5 immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE) were determined at frequent intervals in the course of bacterial meningitis in children. 59 patients were examined; 27 with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, 23 with meningococcal and 9 with pneumococcal meningitis. All 5 immunoglobulins increased during the 2-week course of bacterial meningitis. IgM was the immunoglobulin class responding most rapidly, regularly and intensively. IgG increased moderately. However, practically no rise of the IgG level was observed in children with H. influenzae meningitis. The elevation of the IgA and IgE levels possibly suggests that meningitis may also cause synthesis of IgA and IgE antibodies. The results of the study indicate that antibodies of all the 5 immunoglobulin classes are probably involved in the defense against the causative microbes in bacterial meningitis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1977

Agammaglobulinemia with arthritis and celiac disease developing after infectious mononucleosis. Follow-up study of a case.

A previously healthy 2 1/2-year-old boy from a healthy family developed agammaglobulinemia with arthritis 3 months after infectious mononucleosis (IM). The response of serum immunoglobulins at the initial stage of IM was typical, with greatly elevated IgM and a positive IM-specific heterophil antibody test. A secondary celiac disease was diagnosed one year after IM. Considering the serum immunoglobulin levels and the normal half-lives of IgM and IgG, it seems very probable that the synthesis of immunoglobulins ceased about one month after the onset of IM. The role of suppresor T-cells in the development of acquired secondary agammaglobulinemia is discussed.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1977

Oral antipyretic therapy. Evaluation of mefenamic acid (short communication).

The capacity of N-(2,3-xylyl)anthranilic acid (mefenamic acid) to reduce fever in children was compared with that of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol and amino-phenazone. The series of cases consisted of 71 patients in the age range from 3 months to 15 years and with rectal temperatures above 38.5 degrees C. Temperatures were recorded at 15 and 30 min, and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after challenge with the drug. The antipyretic effect of mefenamic acid in a dose of 4 mg/kg was optimal: it was 2.5 times that of acetyl-salicylic acid or paracetamol and nearly similar to that of aminophenazone. It seems possible that the antipyretic effect of mefenamic acid is stronger than its anti-inflammatory and analgetic properties.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1976

Oral antipyretic therapy.

The capacity of ibuprofen to reduce fever in children was compared with that of aspirin, paracetamol, aminophenazone and indomethacin. The series of cases studied consisted of 79 patients in the age range 3 months to 13 years and with a rectal temperature above 38.5 degrees C. Temperatures were recorded at 15 and 30 minutes, and 1,2,4 and 6 hours after challenge with the drug. The antipyretic effect of ibuprofen with a dose of 6 mg/kg was optimal and twice that of aspirin or paracetamol and similar to that of aminophenazone. The antipyretic effect of indomethacin was about 12 times that of ibuprofen. This ratio is almost the same as what is said to occur between the antirheumatic effects between these drugs. Ibuprofen with a dose of 6 mg/kg would thus appear to be a useful antipyretic drug when both antipyretic and antirheumatic effects are needed.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1975

Oral antipyretic therapy: evaluation of benorylate, an ester of acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol.

The capacity of benorylate, an ester of acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol, to reduce fever in children was compared with that of the components as such or as a combination. The series of cases studied consisted of 66 patients between the ages of 4 months and 12 years with rectal temperatures above 38.5 degrees C. Temperatures were recorded at 15 and 20 min and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hrs after the administration of the drug. The antipyretic effect of combined acetylsalicylic acid (11 mg/kg) and paracetamol (14 mg/kg) was superior to the effect of benorylate with a dose of 25 mg/kg and even of 50 mg/kg as well as better than the effect of either drug alone. Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg) and paracetamol (12.5 mg/kg) alone produced a significantly greater antipyretic effect than benorylate with a dose of 25 mg/kg. Given in a dose of 35--40 mg/kg, benorylate seems to have a significant antipyretic effect. However, this effect is clearly smaller than that of either of its components, acetylsalicylic acid or paracetamol. Therefore benorylate is probably not suitable to be used as a general antipyretic agent in children.

Acetaminophen↗