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Biomedical subjects

S Simpson

Publications and source records attributed to S Simpson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Arterial vasa vasorum: a quantitative study in the rat.

This study was designed to quantitate the vasa vasorum of common iliac arteries in 20 rats. The number of vasa vasorum per mm2 of arterial wall was extremely variable - from 0 to 124, the mean being 33 . 95 +/- 29 . 86 (S.D.). There was no significant difference in the vasa vasorum vascularity between the right and left common iliac arteries. The mean wall thickness of these arteries was 0 . 085 +/- 0 . 015 (S.D.) mm and 60 +/- 8% (S.D.) of this was made up by the tunica media. Arterial tissue in this study was shown to have approximately 10% of the vascularity of muscle tissue. By relating these data to the 'critical depth' hypothesis, on the nutritional supply of large arteries, it was concluded that the vasa vasorum in the common iliac arteries in rat (major arteries in small animals) probably play an insignificant role in the nutrition of the arterial wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Medical therapies for mood disorders alter the blood-brain barrier.

The effects of amitriptyline, lithium, and electroconvulsive shock on cerebral permeability and blood flow were tested. These three treatments share in common (i) the ability to influence the functional activity of central adrenergic neurons by way of effects on the release, reuptake, or metabolism of norepinephrine and (ii) therapeutic efficacy in mood disturbances. Under control conditions, cerebral permeability increases linealy with increasing arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and hence cerebral blood flow. All three treatments altered this relationship in a manner consistent with their adrenergic effects. Amitriptyline potentiated this increase in cerebral permeability whereas lithium and electroconvulsive shock blunted this phenomenon. These results support the hypothesis that one function of central adrenergic neurons is regulation of the blood-brain barrier and raise the possibility that a related effect may underlie the clinical usefulness of such treatment.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional support in an inpatient rehabilitation unit.

Twenty-four patients with protein-calorie malnutrition were treated with intensive dietary support to improve nutritional status. Sixteen patients were able to ingest a mean of 1,945kcal and 77gm protein per 24 hours. Eight patients were unable to consume sufficient protein (11 gm) and kcal (311 gm) per 24 hours; these patients were treated with enteral tube feeding. Patients supported on tube feeding increased serum albumin levels by 0.5gm/100ml and were eventually able to consume 2,170kcal and 87gm of protein per 24-hour period after tube feeding was discontinued. Treatment of patients with protein-calorie malnutrition may require a multiple-modality nutritional support system in a rehabilitation unit.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol in streptozotocin diabetic and non-diabetic mice after prolonged administration of glibenclamide, chlorpropamide and metformin.

A possible influence of oral hypoglycaemic drugs on plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations was examined in streptozotocin diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Treatment of streptozotocin diabetic mice with glibenclamide (0.4 mg/kg/day), chlorpropamide (10 mg/kg/day) or metformin (60 mg/kg/day) for 28 weeks did not significantly alter plasma total cholesterol (TC) or HDL-C in streptozotocin diabetic mice. Plasma TC and HDL-C were not related to the prevailing plasma glucose concentration. Non-diabetic mice treated with glibenclamide or metformin for 46 weeks showed no changes in TC or HDL-C. However, chlorpropamide increased TC and HDL-C, and lowered the TC : HDL-C molar ration after 46 weeks in non-diabetic mice. The effect of chlorpropamide was associated with an excessive gain in weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The histologic appearance of dysplasia (precarcinomatous change) in Crohn's disease of the small and large intestine.

Six patients with Crohn's disease and intestinal carcinoma are presented who demonstrated dysplastic changes in their intestinal mucosa. These changes were present adjacent to and/or distant from the infiltrating carcinoma and were extensive in 2 of these patients. The dysplasia affected many different cell types and was in many ways similar to that seen in ulcerative colitis. In view of the difficulties in making a clinical diagnosis of carcinoma in Crohn's disease, the finding of these changes on biopsy should be a strong indication for resection. However, as many of the carcinomas in Crohn's disease occur in excluded loops and in the small intestine, these changes will be of less value clinically than in ulcerative colitis, because access to these areas is difficult.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Hospital day nurseries: a survey.

In view of the fact that the NHS is one of the largest employers of women, there is a surprising dearth of discussion in staff periodicals about the problems of recruiting or retaining staff with young children, and about the extent to which child care provision should be made available to staff. This report aims to redress the balance by presenting information gathered from day nurseries for the children of staff in NHS hospitals.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1980

Crohn's disease and adenocarcinoma of the bowel.

We present six cases of cancer associated with Crohn's disease and stress the importance of the earlier age of onset than spontaneously arising small-bowel carcinoma, the long period of latency from the time of diagnosis of Crohn's disease to that of carcinoma, and the generally poor prognosis. We emphasize, furthermore, the frequent association with fistulas and the predisposition of bypassed or excluded segments of bowel to undergo malignant transformation. The occurrence of carcinoma in an excluded rectal stump has not previously been reported and stresses the necessity of resecting, rather than excluding, segments of bowel involved with Crohn's disease. These tumors are often not readily apparent by radiographic or endoscopic examination and in fact, may be discovered only after microscopic examination of resected or biopsied tissue.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Parasitic disease control in a residential facility for the mentally retarded.

Asymptomatic infection with either Entameba histolytica or Giardia lamblia was found in 61 per cent of the residents of a dormitory in an institution for the mentally retarded; two other dormitories had rates of 20 per cent and 22 per cent. Drug therapy was successfully undertaken in all three dormitories, and environmental improvements were introduced in the heavily infected dormitory. A one-year follow-up showed a reduction in parasitic disease in two dormitories but, in the most heavily infected dormitory, infection had returned to pretreatment levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cauda equina compression from lumbosacral malarticulation and malformation in the dog.

Compression of the cauda equina from subluxation, stenosis, or spondylosis of the lumbosacral articulation was found in 20 dogs, 13 of which were German Shepherd Dogs or crossbred German Shepherd Dogs. Pain, posterior paresis, and urinary or fecal incontinence were the most frequent problems associated with the compression. Dorsal laminectomy was performed on 13 cases, with good to excellent results on 10 of these.

Animals↗