PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Sivapalan

Publications and source records attributed to S Sivapalan.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

Triage criteria in genitourinary medicine.

An audit of triage was conducted between June and September 2003 in a district general hospital genitourinary medicine department to evaluate the appropriateness of triage criteria to identify those who require urgent intervention. We selected gonorrhoea (B1), chlamydia (C4a), gential herpes (C10a/b) and epidemiological treatment of contacts of B1 or C4a (C4e/B4) as conditions requiring urgent intervention. Eighty-eight percent met one or more of the criteria and were offered urgent appointments and 69% who did not meet the criteria were offered routine appointments. The incidences of B1, C4a, C10a/b and C4e/B4 were 26.5%, 21.2%, 16.8% and 8% respectively in the urgent group compared with corresponding incidences of 4.4% and 16.2% respectively in the routine group. No cases of C10a/b or C4e/B4 were seen in the latter group. Although triage criteria did not identify asymptomatic infections, efficient contact tracing will improve detection of asymptomatic carriers of infections and should be encouraged. The outcome of the audit informed modifications to the criteria and reinforced the need for staff training in triage. In the United Kingdom, genitourinary medicine must be urgently prioritized and invested in, to improve access to all who need to be seen within 48 h of contacting the service.

Adult↗

Simulation modelling for HIV infection and AIDS.

In this paper we describe a computer model developed jointly by mathematicians and medical consultants. The aim of the model is to provide practical help to people involved with caring for HIV-infected patients. The program is easy to use and can provide a wide variety of output, ranging from resource requirements and costs to detailed clinical information. The model uses the technique of computer simulation to study the progression of HIV-related diseases in a set of patients. The model can help planners concerned with the broad issues of health care provision, as well as clinical users whose main interest is the management and treatment of individual patients. The model is currently being tested in the Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Bournemouth. The potential capability of the model is illustrated by some results from program runs using data from a set of Bournemouth patients. We argue that the power and flexibility of computer simulation as a technique for dealing with uncertainty and variability is especially appropriate in the case of HIV and AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

Sexually transmissible agent and African Kaposi's sarcoma.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has a higher incidence in some parts of Africa than anywhere else in the world. Recent studies in western homosexual men with AIDS-KS suggest that KS may be caused by a putative sexually transmissible agent. Our analytical review of studies on KS in Africa before and during the AIDS era reveals a disparate epidemiological picture. Its occurrence in sexually inexperienced children; overwhelming male preponderance in an almost exclusively heterosexual population; rarity of concordant couples in areas of very high incidence; sequestration of high incidence to Eastern and Central Africa; and regional variations in incidence even in high-incidence countries are all difficult to reconcile with a conventional sexually transmissible aetiology. There is a need for prospective studies specifically designed to test the hypothesis in Africa. Also, we recommend that studies pursuing the aetiology of KS in western countries be linked with studies in high incidence areas in Africa.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

Practical models for the care of HIV and AIDS patients.

Mathematical models for infectious diseases are of limited use in providing practical help to health professionals. In this paper we discuss computer models developed jointly by operational research mathematicians and clinicians to meet this need. We use the term 'operational modelling' to describe this pragmatic approach. The models can aid decision-making at a resource planning level and can also be used by clinicians to monitor and improve patient care. The models incorporate uncertainty and variability and are therefore mathematically complex, but are easy to use and provide a great deal of useful information about morbidity and resource use.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

Increased nail and hair growth in a patient with AIDS.

A variety of nail and hair changes have been described in AIDS patients, but rapid nail growth has not previously been reported. A slowing of nail growth would be expected in these patients due to immunosuppression and possible malnutrition. We report a case of increased nail and hair growth in a man with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗