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Biomedical subjects

S Sjölin

Publications and source records attributed to S Sjölin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Flame retardants in indoor air at an electronics recycling plant and at other work environments.

Air samples from a plant engaged in recycling electronics goods, a factory assembling printed circuit boards, a computer repair facility, offices equipped with computers, and outdoor air have been analyzed with respect to their content of brominated hydrocarbon and phosphate ester flame retardants. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated biphenyls, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane, tetrabromobisphenol A, and organophosphate esters were all detected in the indoor air samples, with the highest concentrations being detected in air from the recycling plant. In air from the dismantling hall at the recycling plant the average concentrations of decabromodiphenyl ether, tetrabromobisphenol A, and triphenyl phosphate were 38, 55, and 58 pmol/m3, respectively. Significantly higher levels of all of these additives were present in air in the vicinity of the shredder at the dismantling plant. This is the first time that 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane and several arylated phosphate esters are reported to be contaminants of air in occupational settings. At all of the other sites investigated, low levels of flame retardants were detected in the indoor air. Flame retardants associated with airborne particles, present at elevated levels, pose a potential health hazard to the exposed workers.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed1992

Greek immigrant children in southern Sweden in comparison with Greek and Swedish children. III. Energy and nutrient intake.

Greek immigrant children (GI) belonging to the second generation of immigrants in Sweden have been compared with Swedish children (S) and Greek children in Greece (G) regarding energy and nutrient intake. Twenty-four-hour recalls were obtained in the homes of the families. The mean energy intake was the same in all three groups and met the Swedish Nutrition Recommendations. The energy distribution for protein, carbohydrates and fat was also similar. The fat intake was far above the recommended level in all groups. The GI and the G group had a significantly higher mean daily intake of monounsaturated fatty acids than the S group (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001, respectively). Children aged four to eight years in the GI group had a significantly higher nutrient density of retinol, vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B6, calcium, iron, magnesium and sucrose compared to the G group, but compared to the S group they had a lower nutrient density of retinol, vitamin D, ascorbic acid, niacin, vitamin B12 and selen. The GI children consumed more milk than the G children but as much as the S children and they had started to use enriched low-fat milk in Sweden. In conclusion, the food quality in the GI group was better than in the G group and much the same as in the S group, and, with few exceptions, it met the Swedish Nutrition Recommendations.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Studies on perceived breast milk insufficiency. III. Consequences for breast milk consumption and growth.

Fifty-one mother-infant pairs were followed prospectively during the period 3 days to 18 months after delivery. In total 54.9% of the mothers experienced transient lactation crises, emanating mostly from a perception of breast milk insufficiency. Within the crisis group no significant difference in the infants' intake of breast milk during the crises compared with control measurements 1 week later was found. Nor had the crises any immediate impact on growth of the infants. A comparison between the crisis and the non-crisis group, revealed that the breast milk consumption in the crisis group was throughout lower with significant differences at 3 and 5 months. The infants in the crisis group also had a significantly lower weight at 2, 3, 4 and 9 months and were significantly thinner for their height at 1-6 months and at 9 months, although both groups were above the NCHS mean. We conclude that even if the infants in the crisis group had a lower consumption and a slower growth development, the differences were comparatively small. Furthermore, evidence was provided that the breast milk insufficiency occasionally perceived as acute by the mothers was in most cases not real.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nutrition and health in Swedish children 1930-1980. Three nutrition surveys in a northern Swedish county.

In 1930 a nutrition survey was made of 1675 school children in the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. In 1967 a second survey was carried out in the same area, covering 1411 children aged 4, 8 and 13 years. A third survey was carried out in 1980 of 572 children in the same age groups. In the first survey questionnaires concerning food consumption were used, in the two later surveys 24-hour recall of food intake was recorded. Underweight and iron deficiency anaemia were prevalent in 1930. Since then socio-economic conditions have improved dramatically and dietary habits have become more diversified. In the last study the average energy intake had decreased from 100 to 87% of the RDA. A slight increase in the prevalence of overweight among 13-year-old children was also noted. The fat intake was lower in 1980 than in 1967, but the P/S-ratio was still low (0.23). The iron intake reached a satisfactory level in the two later studies and no case of iron-deficiency anaemia was found in 1980. In spite of a relatively frequent sucrose intake dental health had improved as a consequence of other prophylactic activities. The malnutrition problems of 1930 have been eradicated but new nutritional problems, linked to the risk of developing obesity and health problems in adulthood such as coronary heart disease, call for new preventive strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Diets of healthy Swedish children 4-24 months old. II. Energy intake.

In a semi-longitudinal investigation comprising a total of 81 infants studied at one or more of the ages 4, 9, 15 and 24 months, the food intake was recorded on three consecutive days at 4 months and on seven consecutive days at 9, 15 and 24 months (40, 40, 38 and 40 infants, respectively in the four age groups). The median energy intake was lower than the Recommend Dietary Allowances in all age groups. The energy intake derived from fat was low among some of the 9-month-old infants. The contribution of sucrose to energy was as high as 10% at 24 months.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Diets of healthy Swedish children 4-24 months old. III. Nutrient intake.

In a semi-longitudinal investigation comprising a total of 81 infants studied at one or more of the ages 4, 9, 15 and 24 months, the food intake was recorded on three consecutive days at 4 months and on seven consecutive days at 9, 15 and 24 months (40, 40, 38 and 40 infants, respectively in the four age groups). The formula-fed 4-month-old infants had a markedly higher intake of all nutrients, except fat and retinol, than the breast-fed ones. In the three oldest age groups the nutrient intake was high as compared with RDA. The protein intake was exceptionally high. Median intakes that were definitely lower than RDA were noted only for vitamin D, iron and zinc. The nutrient density changed from the age of 9 to 24 months, indicating a transition during that period from infant to adult food habits.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Physical activity in relation to energy intake and body fat in 8- and 13-year-old children in Sweden.

A random sample of 682 8- and 13-year-old children resident in Sweden was studied with regard to physical activity, energy intake, height, weight and skinfold thickness. A reduction of physical activity over the years was indicated by a tendency towards a higher body fat content in spite of a lower mean energy intake as compared with such values obtained 10-15 years ago in Swedish children of equal ages. Children characterized by high habitual physical activity tended to have a lower body fat content, despite a higher energy intake, than less active children. Children, especially girls, of parents with a low educational level showed a tendency towards higher body fat content as compared with those of parents with higher education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Food habits and nutrient intake in childhood in relation to health and socio-economic conditions. A Swedish Multicentre Study 1980-81.

In Sweden a multicentre nutritional survey was performed in 1980-81 in four different parts of Sweden. The total number of children investigated was 1109, of whom 92 were two years old, 332 four years, 338 eight years and 347 thirteen years. The 24-hour recall method was used in all children. In addition 7-day record was used in the 2-, 4- and 8-year-olds and the dietary history method in the 13-year-olds. During the weekdays the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old children had 5.9, 5.8, 5.4 and 5.2 meals and snacks per day, respectively. During weekends these respective numbers decreased to 5.7, 5.6, 5.1 and 5.0. The mean number of light meals and snacks was almost the same on all days and varied between 2.4 and 3.3 in the different age groups. The part of the energy intake deriving from snacks has increased during the last 15 years. The mean daily energy intakes for the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old boys and girls were 5.8 and 5.6, 6.9 and 6.5, 8.9 and 7.9 and 12.1 and 9.7 MJ respectively. These values are below the recommendations for all age groups except the 2-year-old boys. The mean daily intakes of protein, retinol, ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12 and calcium were almost invariably higher or much higher than the recommendations, while those of vitamin D and zinc were below the recommended values. The iron intake fulfilled the recommendations except for the 2-year-olds and the 13-year-old girls. The intake of protein and fat expressed in per cent of the total energy intake was very similar in all age groups, about 14 per cent and 35-37 per cent respectively. The mean ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) was also the same in all age groups, i.e. 0.22-0.23. This low ratio is explained by a high consumption of dairy products. Furthermore, the nutrient density of the food did not change appreciably with age. The only exception was found for the 2-year-old children, who had slightly higher nutrient density values on account of a relatively high consumption of fortified follow-up formula. In all age groups the mean nutrient densities of vitamins D and B6 and of iron were below the recommendations to varying degrees. No clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies, iron deficiency included, were found in any age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Physical activity and sports involvement in 8- and 13-year-old children in Sweden.

The physical activity of randomly selected 8- and 13-year-old children, living in four different regions of Sweden, was investigated by means of a questionnaire. The younger children of each sex were found to be physically more active than the older ones, and within each age group the boys were physically more active than the girls. The results points to higher sports involvement today compared with 10-15 years ago, especially among younger children. It was also shown that regular physical training constituted a smaller proportion of the total physical activity among the younger children than among the older ones. At both ages and in both sexes the rate of regular physical training was lower in municipalities of less than 1,000 inhabitants, and in the 8-year-old children it was also lower in municipalities of less than 5,000 inhabitants. Among the girls regular physical training was more common in those whose fathers had a high educational level compared with the girls who had fathers of a lower educational level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Relapsing Clostridium difficile enterocolitis cured by rectal infusion of normal faeces.

Repeated recurrence of Clostridium difficile-associated enterocolitis is uncommon but troublesome for the afflicted patient. The patient described here received vancomycin treatment several times but always had a relapse of C. difficile enterocolitis 2-3 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. She did not form serum antibodies to C. difficile cytotoxin (toxin B). Rectal infusion of enemas prepared from fresh faeces resulted in final cure.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The amount of milk consumed by 1-3 months old breast- or bottle-fed infants.

The consumption of breastmilk was studied by the weighing method in 75 infants aged 1, 2 and 3 months (+/- 1 week), 25 infants in each group. Similarly the same number of infants in the same age groups, bottle-red ad libitum, was studied and the consumption and consumption pattern were compared between the two groups. The mean and range of consumed amounts of both types of milk were similar to that found in other studies. The means for breastmilk were 656-773-776 g and for breastmilk substitutes 713-811-853 g in the 1, 2 and 3 months infants, respectively, but with wide variations. When expressed as kcal/kg it appeared to be practically no difference between the two feeding groups. The bottle-fed infants had fewer meals and had a more even consumption from meal to meal. It is concluded that infants largely regulate themselves the intake they require.

Bottle Feeding↗