Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Small.
Local instillation of thymoxamine eye drops (0-1%) completely reversed the mydriasis produced by ephedrine (5%) but not that produced by ephedrine (5%) together with homatropine (0-5%). Small but significant changes in accomodation were found with ephedrine and with thymoxamine, as well as the larger expected changes with homatropine.
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The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the effects of heparin flush and saline flush solutions on maintaining patency, preventing phlebitis, and increasing duration in peripheral heparin locks. The average effect size (d value) across 15 studies with a total sample size of 3,490 was .0573 for patency (clotting). The 95% credibility interval ranged from -.2267 to .3413. The average effect size across 13 studies with a total sample size of 2,356 was -.0757 for phlebitis. The 95% credibility interval ranged from -.2497 to .0983. The average effect size for duration across six samples with a total sample size of 1,960 was -.0550. The 95% credibility interval ranged from -.2424 to .1324. It can be concluded that saline is as effective as heparin in maintaining patency, preventing phlebitis, and increasing duration in peripheral intravenous locks. Quality of care can be enhanced by using saline as the flush solution, thereby eliminating problems associated with anticoagulant effects and drug incompatibilities. In addition, an estimated yearly savings of $109,100,000 to $218,200,000 U.S. health care dollars could be attained.
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This article describes the Iowa Model of Research in Practice, a heuristic model used at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics for infusing research into practice to improve the quality of care. The components of the model are presented with examples. The impact of the model on patient, staff, and fiscal outcomes is delineated.
While healthcare providers are struggling to provide optimum patient care and health outcomes in a cost efficient manner, patients are demanding assurance that the care they receive offers the best chance for health improvement. The way to achieve the most effective and efficient treatments is through knowledge of current research and treatment options and standardized care. Resources are the AHCPR's Clinical Practice Guidelines on urinary incontinence and pressure ulcers in adults. Kaiser Permanente's Northern California Region created a Task Force to demonstrate nursing's contribution to positive patient outcomes, investigate and capture opportunities to participate in an interdisciplinary approach to measuring the effectiveness of patient care, and focus efforts on measurement, improvement, research, and development. Part of this effort was the conductance of a study which demonstrated that the absorbent product with the least expensive purchase price that had traditionally been used for incontinent patients was the most expensive product to use. The results of that study have been used, not only to improve purchase decisions, but also to teach nurses how theory, research, and practice are related to issues that concern caring for their patients.