PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Sobel

Publications and source records attributed to S Sobel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Incidence and correlates of tardive dyskinesia in first episode of schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: There is controversy over whether tardive dyskinesia (TD) is solely a consequence of antipsychotic drug treatment or in part may reflect an intrinsic aspect of the disease process. Pathophysiologic factors could, independently or in concert with drug effects, lead to the development of dyskinetic signs. METHODS: We studied prospectively 118 patients in their first episode of psychosis who were treatment-naive or had less than 12 weeks of antipsychotic drug exposure at study entry. Patients received standardized antipsychotic drug treatment and were evaluated for up to 8 1/2 years with regular assessments of psychopathologic signs and symptoms and side effects. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of presumptive TD was 6.3% after 1 year of follow-up, 11.5% after 2 years, 13.7% after 3 years, and 17.5% after 4 years. Persistent TD had a cumulative incidence of 4.8% after 1 year, 7.2% after 2 years, and 15.6% after 4 years. Taken individually, both antipsychotic drug dose, entered as a time-dependent covariate, and poor response to treatment of the first psychotic episode were significant predicters of time to TD. When antipsychotic drug dose and treatment response were examined together, treatment responders had significantly lower hazards for presumptive TD than nonresponders (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.97). Dose was a trend-level predicter, with each 100-mg chlorpromazine equivalent unit increase in dose associated with a 5% increase in the hazard of presumptive TD (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.11). CONCLUSION: Poor response to the treatment of a first episode of psychosis and, to a lesser extent, antipsychotic drug dose are important factors in the development of TD. This suggests that there may be a disease-related vulnerability to TD manifest with antipsychotic drug exposure. Potential pathophysiologic factors might include neurodevelopmentally induced structural neuropathologic characteristics, sensitization of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons, and the induction of glutamatergically mediated neurotoxic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Drugs commonly used by the elderly: a review for dental practice.

Of all medications consumed in the U.S., the percentage used by the elderly is greater than can be justified by their numbers. Many medications have adverse effects. This paper reviews the 50 medications most used by the elderly and discusses adverse reactions which may present in the oral cavity or which have systemic effects with a potential impact on dental care. Composite tables summarizing the adverse reactions of interest to the dental practitioner are included for easy reference.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Combined Betaseron R (recombinant human interferon beta) and radiation for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: Based on in vitro evidence of radiosensitization by Betaseron (beta-IFN), a Phase I/II study was undertaken to determine toxicity and response using combined radiation (RT) and B-IFN in patients with unresectable Stage III and nonsmall cell lung cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Varying doses of beta-IFN(10 to 90 x 10(6) IU) were administered IV immediately preceding RT on the first three days of weeks 1, 3, and 5. The RT dose was 1.8 Gy/day, 5 days/week for a total of 54 or 59.4 Gy. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients were entered, 32 of whom were evaluable. The median follow-up time at time of analysis was 60 months. Responses were based on CT scan. The response rate for the total group was 81% with 44% achieving complete response. Seventy-eight percent of patients with complete response survived a minimum of 21 months. Twenty-six patients had Stage III A/B disease with a median tumor size of 6.5 cm. and median survival was 19.7 months. The 5-year actuarial survival for this group was 31%, with a plateau persisting after 3 years. There were no treatment related deaths nor any event of life threatening toxicity. Of eight patients surviving 3-5 years, no long-term toxicity has been observed. Karnofsky indices were 90-100 and respiratory symptoms were minimal. CONCLUSION: beta-IFN is well-tolerated. Response and survival rates are sufficiently encouraging to warrant further investigation in a randomized trial which has been accepted as an RTOG study awaiting drug availability.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cellular transcripts encoded at a locus which permits retrovirus expression in mouse embryonic cells.

Three independent recombinant retroviruses have been activated on insertion into the F2 locus of mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Each provirus has integrated downstream from the cellular F2 promoter, which is active in transient transfection assays using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter enzyme. The F2 promoter drives expression of a series of related transcripts in F9 and 3T3 cells, and a single 450-nt transcript in mouse tissues. F2 homologous sequences have been detected in the genomes of all mammalian species tested, and the 450-nucleotide (nt) F2 transcript is expressed in rat and human cells. Three pairs of differently sized F2 cDNA clones have been isolated and analyzed. The largest clones possess two 199-nt 98.5% identical repeats, one of which is present in the smaller clones, as well as the major 450-nt transcript. Activated proviral integration sites map to introns of the largest F2 cDNA clone. While none of the F2 cDNA contains a long open reading frame or homology to databank sequences, evidence suggests that the F2 locus encodes a constitutive function required at high levels, or represents an expressed but nonfunctional, single-copy element, conserved among mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Retrovirus activation in embryonal carcinoma cells by cellular promoters.

Retrovirus expression in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells is blocked at a postintegration stage of the viral life cycle, because of the inadequate function of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter in this cell type. However, rare sites in the EC cell genome permit provirus expression by undefined mechanisms. Our analysis of three expressed proviruses indicates that they have inserted into actively transcribed regions. Two of the three, examined in detail, integrated into the first introns of cellular transcription units in close proximity to active cellular promoters. One of these cellular genes is the probable murine homolog of the yeast ribosomal protein L3, responsible for trichodermin resistance. In all cases, virus activation appears to involve production of viral transcripts that are initiated in the 5'-flanking region, transcribed through the viral LTR, and subsequently spliced from a cellular donor to a viral acceptor. Our results suggest a general procedure for the isolation of active genes and promoters in different tissues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group: a comparison of adjuvant doxorubicin and observation for patients with localized soft tissue sarcoma.

Forty-seven patients with stage I, II, or III soft tissue sarcoma were entered into a prospective randomized Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) adjuvant protocol. Eligibility included conservative or radical primary treatment for local cure. Patients were then randomized to control or Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH). Adriamycin was administered at 70 mg/m2 (slow push, every 3 weeks for seven courses for a maximum of 550 mg/m2). To date, 32 patients, 17 males and 15 females, with an age range of 17 to 75 years (median, 44 years) have been followed sufficiently long to be included in this analysis. Nine patients have died. The median follow-up of the remaining 23 patients is 30 months (range, 2 to 50 months). Survival was not significantly different between Adriamycin or control. However, the disease-free interval was slightly different in favor of observation. This preliminary report does not support the hypothesis that Adriamycin is an effective adjuvant therapy for soft tissue sarcoma. Due to the small numbers, these results must be interpreted in relation to our ability to detect a difference, if in fact one existed. These preliminary data suggest that adjuvant Adriamycin not be used outside the confines of a clinical trial such as the current intergroup adjuvant sarcoma study.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Toxic shock syndrome and the vaginal contraceptive sponge.

Thirteen confirmed cases of toxic shock syndrome temporally related to use of the vaginal contraceptive sponge have been reported. The observed risk of toxic shock syndrome in sponge users may be elevated above estimated background rates, but this risk remains very low. Traumatic manipulation of the sponge, use during menstruation or the puerperium, and prolonged retention of the sponge may additionally increase toxic shock syndrome risk. As with all contraceptives, risks must be balanced against benefits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A double blind study of vitamin B6 in Down's syndrome infants. Part 1--Clinical and biochemical results.

Nineteen patients with Down's syndrome participated in a double blind study of the clinical effects of pharmacological doses of vitamin B6 administration, starting under 8 weeks of age and continuing until 3 years of age. Ten patients received the vitamin and nine the placebo. In Part 1 of this study, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in mental age, height, weight, cranial circumference or tongue protrusion. A study of side effects conducted on a larger open population found vitamin B6 to be relatively safe when administered over long periods of time with photosensitive blisters as the major complication.

Blister↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of cellular attachment and spreading molecules at liquid-liquid interfaces.

Cells are grown at a liquid-liquid interface (ultrafiltrate of growth medium--heptacosafluorotributylamine). Following attachment and spreading an intermediate-density, isotonic solution of metrizamide-Ficoll is introduced. Cells are detached by centrifugation at 150,000g X 45 min. Molecules deposited at the interface are removed and examined by gel electrophoresis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals 20 protein bands ranging in molecular weight from 30,000 to 200,000. Most bands have molecular weights less than 120,000. The substrate-attached material contains approximately 2.8 pg of protein per attached cell. Substrate-attached molecules can be removed without detergent denaturation for additional studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Lichen planus pemphigoides. Immunofluorescence findings.

A 56-year-old woman developed a vesicular and bullous eruption followed by an efflorescence of lichenoid papules. The clinical and histologic features of this case were consistent with a diagnosis of lichen planus pemphigoides. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies demonstrated both in vivo-bound and circulating IgG with specificity for the epidermal basement membrane zone. A common pathogenic immunologic mechanism may exist for both lichen planus and lichen planus pemphigoides, which we believe are clinical variants of a similar disease process.

Female↗