[An unusual cardiac rupture after infarction].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
S Solberg
Publications and source records attributed to S Solberg.
Differences in reactivity of confluent and nonconfluent cultures of human endothelial cells toward thrombin-stimulated platelets or heparinized salt solution.
This study examined whether nonconfluent endothelial cell cultures reacted differently than confluent ones toward thrombin-stimulated platelets or a heparinized salt solution. The adherence to the endothelial cell cultures of 51Cr-labeled human platelets stimulated at different thrombin concentrations was studied. There was significantly higher adherence of stimulated platelets to nonconfluent cultures compared with confluent ones. This was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which also revealed a tendency for the platelets to adhere at the cell periphery. Electron microscopy also showed that thrombin-stimulated platelets induced endothelial cell contraction. Part of the peripheral endothelial cell surface toward the bottom of the culture dish was inverted, facing the lumen of the dish. This phenomenon was particularly seen in nonconfluent cultures. When 51Cr-labeled endothelial cultures were incubated with a mildly injurious fluid as heparinized sodium acetate and 20% serum, at 20 degrees C for 30 min, the nonconfluent cultures showed significantly more cell detachment and release of 51Cr than the confluent ones. We conclude that under the conditions of the present experiments there are differences in the reactivity of confluent and nonconfluent endothelial cell cultures. These differences probably reflect biological dissimilarities. In experiments where properties of cultured endothelium are studied, care should be taken that the degree of confluency is standardized.
Blood Platelets↗
Injury to human endothelial cells in culture under conditions simulating the use of vein grafts for vascular surgery.
In order to evaluate the effects of various vein graft preparation media at various temperatures, the 51Cr release from cultured human endothelial cells, and the percentage of loosened cells were determined after incubation of the cells with the media. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to visualize any injuring effect of the media. Incubation was performed with either heparinized sodium acetate (HS), HS with 20% human serum added (HSS), or with cell culture medium with human serum, at either 4, 20 or 37 degrees C. Incubation with HS resulted in considerable injury, measured both by 51Cr release and percentage of cell detachment. By SEM cell membrane blisters and ruptures were observed. Increasing the temperature aggravated the harmful effects of HS. HSS hampered these hazardous effects significantly, but a slight increase in 51Cr release was observed when increasing the temperature. When incubated with culture medium, both 51Cr release and percentage of loosened cells were low, even at room or body temperature. From the results of the present study it may be suggested that in order to preserve the venous endothelial lining, simple solutions like HS should be avoided for irrigation and store solution of vein grafts in surgery. As we found increased percentage of loosened endothelial cells when incubation was performed with HSS or culture medium at 4 degrees C, profound cooling probably has no beneficial effect when the endothelial cells are offered an acceptable fluid.
Acetates↗
Anabolic steroids and Norwegian weightlifters.
The mean bodyweight, in kilograms, and mean weightlifting result, in points, for the ten best weightlifters at the annual Norwegian championships 1962-82 have been studied. During the 21 years, the mean bodyweight for these ten increased by 18 kg, probably due to the effect of androgens. The weightlifting results improved rapidly from 1968 onwards, probably reflecting an increasingly widespread use of anabolic steroids by Norwegian weightlifters. In 1977 doping tests were introduced, and from then on, rate of improvement has increased much more slowly. The annual sale of anabolic steroids 1963-81 and testosterone 1974-81, in Norway have been recorded. The sale of anabolic steroids increased irregularly until 1974-75, and has since shown a 42% decrease. The sale of testosterone 1974-81 showed a slight reduction, thus giving no support to the suggestion that doping tests for anabolic steroids would lead to a transfer to testosterone abuse.
Anabolic Agents↗
[Use of medical services in 2 different age groups of patients with cholecystitis or cholelithiasis].
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Age Factors↗
Mechanical impedance of human headbones (forehead and mastoid portion of the temporal bone) measured under ISO/IEC conditions.
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Adolescent↗
Dose-response relationships for traffic noise and annoyance.
The annoyance due to road traffic noise was studied in 18 areas in five countries. A total of 1379 interviews was performed and noise measurements were made in each area. The relation between Leq and the extent of the population expressing that they were "very annoyed" was poor (rxy = 0.03). An augmentation of the number of heavy vehicles from 1000/24 hr up to greater than 3000/24 hr did not increase the extent of annoyance. The highest correlation was obtained for the maximum noise level. The dose-response relationship implies that the number of events above a certain limit will not increase the extent of annoyance: it is determined by the highest noise level from single vehicles. It is suggested that this model for the human reaction to environmental noise, which has now been demonstrated for aircraft, train, and traffic noise, should be considered for the establishment of standards.
Adolescent↗
The comforting behaviors of caregivers toward distressed postoperative neonates.
The comforting behaviors of nurses caring for four postoperative neonates were examined by analyzing 40 hours of videotaped caregiving. Using the techniques of qualitative ethology, 30 periods of distress were identified. During these periods, 98 episodes of direct tactile and verbal comforting occurred. The types and patterns of comforting touch are delineated. Observations revealed that comforting occurs in response to infant cues, comfort touch had limited effect in settling the infants, infants were often distressed for long periods without being comforted, and the infants were handled as normal infants without regard for their incisions. Suggestions for further research are presented.
Caregivers↗
The effects of two different crystalloid cardioplegic solutions on cultured human endothelial cells.
The effects on cultured human endothelial cells of incubation with two standard crystalloid cardioplegic solutions (St. Thomas' and Bretschneider's) for one or five hours at 10 degrees C or 20 degrees C were studied. The cells were prelabelled with 51Cr and cell injury was measured by release of 51Cr, cell detachment, and by electron microscopy. The injury was also studied after a rewarming period of 35 minutes in cell culture medium at 37 degrees C. Endothelial cells incubated with cell culture medium, but otherwise treated in a similar way, served as controls. Both cardioplegic solutions caused significantly greater release of 51Cr than cell culture medium when incubated at 10 degrees C or 20 degrees C. The Bretschneider's solution induced slightly more release of 51Cr than did the St. Thomas' solution. The cells did not become detached during incubation. Electron microscopy of the cells after 5 hours with the cardioplegic solutions at 10 degrees C revealed contraction of the cells, mild intracellular oedema, swelling of mitochondria, and blebs or craters on the luminal surface of the cells. After rewarming in culture medium for 35 min the cells were not contracted and showed only minimal signs of injury, indicating a rapid and nearly complete reversibility of the changes. The present observations indicate that cultured endothelial cells get some protection, albeit not optimal, from the two crystalloid cardioplegic solutions tested. The presence of procaine-CL increased the injurious effect of the solutions.
Bicarbonates↗
Effects on the ATP content of cultured cells after radiographic contrast media exposure. Evidence for accumulation of contrast media in cultured cells.
The ATP content of cultured cells after exposure to meglumine-calcium metrizoate, sodium metrizoate, iohexol, iopamidol and saline was studied. Initially, the ATP content diminished rapidly for a short period and thereafter slowly during the incubation. After incubation with contrast media or saline, the ATP content slowly increased to normal when the cells were reincubated with fresh nutrient medium. Different contrast media and saline with the same final osmolality produced a similar effect on the ATP content of the cultured cells. Cellular association of meglumine-sodium diatrizoate, sodium metrizoate, sodium-iothalamate, iohexol and iopamidol was also examined. The established cell line NHIK 3025 as well as primary cultures of human umbilical endothelium were found to accumulate contrast media in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. When the incubation was carried out at 4 degrees C, the cellular accumulation of contrast medium was less than 35 per cent of that seen at 37 degrees C. It therefore seems that energy-dependent processes are involved to some degree.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Cold induced endothelial cell detachment in human saphenous vein grafts.
The effect of profound (4 degrees C) and moderate cooling (20 degrees C) on the endothelium of human saphenous vein grafts for aortocoronary bypass was studied. When harvesting the vein, a piece (5-6 cm) was taken for the study and divided in two equal parts. The segments were incubated in cell culture medium for 45 minutes at 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C respectively. They were then perfused with cell culture medium at a flow rate of 100 ml/min, with a pressure of 85 mmHg and a temperature of 20 degrees C. After termination of perfusion the percentage of luminal surface without endothelial cells was determined by morphometry with scanning electron microscopy. The veins that were exposed to 4 degrees C had a significantly higher degree of endothelial cell detachment than those exposed to 20 degrees C (p less than 0.003). This study indicates that cooling to 4 degrees C may be harmful to the endothelial lining of veins which are prepared for grafting into the arterial system. Such cooling should therefore probably be avoided.
Cold Temperature↗