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Biomedical subjects

S Sood

Publications and source records attributed to S Sood.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in very low birthweight infants.

Of 191 patients with birthweight less than 1500 gm admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit in a 2-year period, 41 underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Eleven of 41 very low birthweight (VLBW) (27%) survived to be discharged. None of the infants who received CPR after 72 hours of life survived. Also, all infants who underwent CPR, both in the delivery room and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), died. The most significant factor distinguishing survivors from nonsurvivors was the demonstration of vasopressor unresponsive hypotension 20 hours prior to CPR in the latter group. This study confirmed the very poor survival rate after CPR in VLBW infants. We conclude that performance of CPR in patients with vasopressor unresponsive hypotension or previous delivery room resuscitation should be considered a rescue or experimental treatment and parents should be given the option of no resuscitation. Future research efforts should be directed to better the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular dysfunction prior to cardiac arrest.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1992

CT evaluation of orbital osseous hemangioma.

Two patients with osseous hemangioma of the orbit, and with typical features on plain radiography and computed tomography, are reported. The typical features of osseous hemangioma of the orbit on computerised tomography (CT) are: expansile bony lesion limited by a thin sclerotic rim, bony trabeculae radiating from the centre to the periphery of the lesion, and absence of an associated extra-tumoral soft tissue mass. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of osseous hemangioma of the orbit evaluated by CT.

Hemangioma↗
PubMed1992

Somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potential in congenital craniovertebral anomaly; effect of surgical management.

Clinical features and evoked potential recordings were analysed in 32 patients with congenital atlantoaxial dislocation before and after surgery. Seven patients (group 1) had atlantoaxial dislocation, while 22 patients had associated basilar invagination (group 2). In both groups, pyramidal tract signs, posterior column signs, wasting of the upper limbs, and abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were similar. Conversely, lower cranial nerve involvement and abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were significantly more in patients with basilar invagination (p less than 0.05). All seven patients in group 1 and 17 patients in group 2 were operated upon. Clinical and electrophysiological deterioration were significant in patients with basilar invagination (group 2), following posterior fixation compared with group 1. Among the patients in group 2, who clinically deteriorated following posterior fixation, seven had transoral excision of odontoid and six of them improved both clinically and electrophysiologically. Two patients in group 2 had odontoid excision before posterior fixation, and in both the evoked potentials improved postoperatively. In group 1 the patient's BAEP remained unaffected following posterior fixation, however, in group 2, eight patients over 53% showed improvement in brainstem function following posterior fixation. This study shows the value of evoked potentials in congenital atlantoaxial dislocation, and rationalizes the surgical procedure in these patients. In patients with basilar invagination, odontoid excision is the preferred first stage procedure.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
PubMed1992

Effect of vitamin D deficiency on testicular function in the rat.

To study the effect of vitamin D deficiency on testicular function, 30-day-old male rats were put on a vitamin-D-deficient diet. At 120 days of age, the testicular function of these animals was compared with that of rats of the same age group fed, ad libitum, a diet containing vitamin D and rats fed on a restricted amount of diet with vitamin D. In vitamin-D-deficient rats, there was a significant reduction in the total body weight, testicular and epididymal sperm count and testicular glutamyl transpeptidase activity (an index of Sertoli cell function) as compared to control group rats, but there was no difference in the testicular lactate dehydrogenase activity (an index of germ cell function). Histological examination of the testis in vitamin-D-deficient rats revealed a significant reduction in the Leydig cell count along with degenerative changes in the germinal epithelium. Histological examination of the tibia revealed excess of osteoid in vitamin-D-deficient rats only. On the other hand, in undernourished rats given a normal amount of vitamin D, the only significant change was a reduction in total body weight. These results suggest that vitamin D deficiency retards spermatogenesis by interfering with the function of Sertoli and Leydig cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Bedside diagnostic blood testing. Its accuracy, rapidity, and utility in blood conservation.

OBJECTIVE: --Bedside diagnostic testing utilizing microchemistry instruments potentially offers physicians the opportunity to evaluate urgent blood test results rapidly and reliably using only drops (250 microL) of whole blood. The use of microchemistry technology may also represent an essential component of a blood conservation program in acutely ill patients. We tested the hypothesis that a microchemistry instrument would have important advantages in the intensive care unit, including rapid turnaround time, decreased iatrogenic blood loss, and the provision of accurate analyte results. DESIGN: --One-year prospective, random-sample comparative study. SETTING: --A tertiary, acute care, 1000-bed university teaching hospital and a 450-bed university-affiliated community hospital. PATIENTS: --Blood samples from 850 patients were analyzed. RESULTS: --There were strong correlations (for pH, R2 = .97; PCO2, R2 = .97; PO2, R2 = .99; sodium, R2 = .83; potassium, R2 = .94; chloride, R2 = .90; glucose, R2 = .98; and hematocrit, R2 = .92) when paired samples were analyzed simultaneously in the laboratory comparing the microchemistry instrument and currently accepted clinical laboratory instruments. There were significant correlations (for pH, R2 = .91; PCO2, R2 = .94; PO2, R2 = .97; sodium, R2 = .91; potassium, R2 = .86; chloride, R2 = .91; ionized calcium, R2 = .82; glucose, R2 = .96; and hematocrit, R2 = .75) but increased variability occurred in some analyte results when samples were first analyzed in the intensive care unit (using the microchemistry instrument) and then transported to the laboratory in the routine fashion for "stat" determinations. CONCLUSIONS: --The multichannel microchemistry instrument provided accurate analyte determinations when compared with accepted clinical laboratory instruments. Significant savings of time and blood were also realized by the use of a microchemistry instrument in the intensive care unit. Bedside microchemistry may provide clinically important advantages in emergency departments, operating rooms, and neonatal, pediatric, coronary, adult medical and surgical, trauma, and burn intensive care units.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Effect of CSF shunt on brainstem auditory evoked potential in hydrocephalus secondary to brain tumour.

BAEPs were prospectively studied in thirty patients with hydrocephalus prior to and within 48 hours of CSF diversion. They comprised patients with (1) cerebellar tumours (2) brainstem tumours (3) third ventricular tumours. Preshunt BAEPs were abnormal in 80% patients with cerebellar tumour, 70% patients with third ventricular tumour and in all patients with brainstem tumour. Postshunt BAEPs improved in 70% patients with brainstem tumour and in 40% patients with third ventricular tumours. In both the groups I-III and III-V interpeak latency improved. In group 1, (cerebellar tumours) none of the patients showed improvement in the BAEP after shunt. In 7 patients of this group CCT deteriorated after the shunt. The deterioration was at the III-V interlatency in 5 patients. One patient had deteriorated at both I-III and III-V levels and another had prolongation of the I-III interlatency after shunting. In 6 patients the wave V amplitude reduced by more than 50% after shunting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of some electrolytes on in vitro rumen microbial protein synthesis in buffaloes.

In vitro studies were carried out to examine the effect of MnCl2, MgCl2, CoCl2 and CaCl2 on protein synthesis by rumen microorganisms obtained from fistulated buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). The concentration of the electrolytes in stained rumen fluid (SRF) ranged from 1 to 20, 1 to 20, 0.25 to 5 and 1 to 20 mM, respectively. MnCl2 (15 mM), MgCl2 (10 mM), CoCl2 (2.5 mM) and CaCl2 (20 mM) increased the protein content in the incubation mixture (IM) by 501, 230.8, 537.6 and 84% and the per cent incorporation of 35S from (NH4)2 35SO4 into microbial protein by 125.6, 108.5, 113.4 and 40.3, respectively, over the control values, when the incubation lasted 8 h. The NH3-N content in IM decreased by 8, 14, 43 and 16% when 10 mM MnCl2, 20 mM MgCl2, 1 mM CoCl2 and 1 mM CaCl2, respectively, was added and the incubation lasted 6 h. The reasons for increased protein biosynthesis by rumen microorganisms in the presence of the above electrolytes are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Progeria syndrome with characteristic deformation of proximal radius observed on CT.

The progeria syndrome (Hutchinson-Gilford) is an uncommon disease. A peculiar shape of the proximal radial metaphyseal region caused by an infolding of the cortex was observed on CT in 2 brothers suffering from this disorder, a feature not previously reported. A brief review of the radiologic literature was undertaken. This new observation needs to be further evaluated as it may provide a clinching diagnostic feature of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of azoospermia.

Surgery for male obstructive infertility is not always successful. A number of clinical and operative findings, not previously reported, may influence the outcome. We have studied 182 patients with azoospermia who underwent vasoepididymostomy. The pre-operative and operative findings which adversely affected the function of the anastomosis were identified. The presence of spermatozoa in the semen sample was taken to mean a successful anastomosis. Abnormal testicular histology was an adverse pre-operative finding. Adverse operative findings included non-canalisation of the epididymal tubules and hypoplasia of the epididymis; both factors were associated with a high failure rate (almost 100%). The anastomosis was a failure in 78% of the patients when no fluid was seen on sectioning the epididymis. In the absence of adverse findings the success rate of vasoepididymostomy was 59%. Pre-operative testicular biopsy, together with careful observation and recording of findings before and during surgery, are recommended to avoid needless exploration and anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An unusual case of endogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis.

Endogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis is not a common entity. So far, about 25 cases have been reported in the world literature, and to the best of our-knowledge, the crystalline lens was invaded by the fungus in none of the cases, as seen in the present case. This unusual feature, coupled with the rarity of the condition in general, made it worth reporting.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1989

Noninvasive evaluation of left ventricular function in chronic severe anemia.

Left ventricular function was evaluated noninvasively in cases of chronic severe anemia (CSA) by recording systolic and diastolic time intervals (STI and DTI). These time intervals were recorded in 38 patients with CSA (hemoglobin below 7 g%), without cardiac decompensation, and in 30 control subjects. STI and DTI were measured from the simultaneous recordings of the apexcardiogram, carotid arterial pulse, electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram. The left ventricular ejection time was significantly prolonged (p less than 0.02), and associated with marked shortening of the PEP and reduction of the PEP/LVET ratio (p less than 0.001 in each case) in cases of CSA as compared to controls. Regarding the DTI, there was significant shortening of total filling time, slow filling time (p less than 0.001 in each case) and atrial systole (p less than 0.01) with no appreciable change in rapid filling time and isovolumic relaxation time. The SFT/RFT ratio and a/H ratio (the amplitude of the a-wave relative to the total height of the apexcardiogram) showed significant reductions (p less than 0.001 in each case). These changes in STI and DTI indicate enhanced left ventricular performance during diastole followed by faster and more complete relaxation during diastole in CSA.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Survey of factors influencing injury among riders involved in motorized two-wheeler accidents in India: a prospective study of 302 cases.

Two-wheeler trauma in developing countries differs in some respects when compared to that in developed countries. A total of 302 cases involved in motorcycle, scooter, and moped accidents were analyzed. There were 201 drivers and 101 passengers. Injury severity scores (ISS), overall number of wounds, and number of fractures were studied. Motorcycle riders had a significantly higher ISS than did scooter riders. Persons involved in collisions with other powered vehicles had 36% more fractures and higher ISS than those involved in accidents where no collision occurred with a powered vehicle. Female passengers, sitting sideways, and involved in collisions, sustained fewer injuries than did a comparable group of male passengers who sat astride; the ISS of female passengers was also lower. Helmet users had a much lower incidence and severity of head injury than riders who did not use helmets. Turbans appeared to offer partial protection from head injury.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

Metabolites of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa in human blood.

The metabolites of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa in the blood plasma of healthy humans have been identified as 3-O-sulfato-6[18F]fluoro-L-dopa, 3-O-methyl-6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa, 6-[18F] fluorodopamine, and 6-[18F]fluorohomovanillic acid. The time course of these metabolites was followed up to 2 hr. The findings have implications for the use of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa as tracer for cerebral dopamine metabolism. Despite the variety of metabolites in the peripheral blood there are only two 18F-carrying compounds, 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa and 3-O-methyl-6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa, that can cross the blood-brain barrier. After 1 hr, the plasma concentration of 3-O-methyl-6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa reaches approximately 20% that of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa but the mean concentration of the O-methylated metabolite over the same interval is less than 5% that of 6-[18F]-fluoro-L-dopa.

Adult↗