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Biomedical subjects

S Spreat

Publications and source records attributed to S Spreat.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Emotional disturbance in mental retardation: an investigation of differential diagnosis.

The study sought to determine whether 100 emotionally disturbed mentally retarded subjects assigned four distinct diagnostic labels could be differentiated from each other on the basis of sex, age, degree of mental impairment, and adaptive behavior. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the autism classification was distinguishable from psychosis, schizophrenia, and severe emotional disturbance in terms of degree of retardation and adaptive behavior. The primary distinguishing feature was the autistic group's low level of language development. The schizophrenics, psychotics, and severely emotionally disturbed subjects were indistinguishable from each other on the variables examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The adaptive behavior scale: a study of criterion validity.

The validity of the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) for placement purposes was estimated. Subjects were 95 formerly institutionalized retarded persons, 97 institutional residents who were referred for discharge, and 178 current institutional residents. A stratified random-sampling process was used to create two equal-size samples. The ABS domain scores of the 185 individuals in the derivation sample were submitted to stepwise multiple discriminant function analysis. A linear combination of seven ABS domains explained 34 percent of the variance in group membership and correctly classified 60 percent of the derivation sample. This same combination correctly classified 49 percent of the cross-validation sample. Factor scores were calculated and submitted to similar statistical analysis. A linear combination of three factors correctly classified 54 percent of the derivation sample, and no shrinkage was observed upon cross-validation. Results suggest that knowledge of an individual's ABS scores would enable a test user to make estimates of group membership. Additionally, factor scores, with their increased reliability and greater predictive validity upon cross-validation, appeared to be a more appropriate unit of analysis than were domain scores for the ABS.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Services for mentally retarded persons: the viability of a short-term residential service setting in Pennsylvania's system.

Data regarding client discharge and client developmental growth were examined in an attempt to assess the viability of a short-term residential facility within the context of Pennsylvania's service delivery system for mentally retarded persons. While developmental growth was evidenced by all levels of retardation, discharge was notably absent for the profoundly retarded group. A closer examination of the findings highlighted the restraints imposed on the evaluation of a single component of a service system by the larger system in which it operates.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Informant scoring errors on the Adaptive Behavior Scale.

Adaptive Behavior Scale Booklets (N = 284) completed by institutional direct-care personnel were examined for scoring errors. An average of over 2 errors per booklet was calculated, with the most prevalent errors involving simple addition or failure to subtract when directed. It was suggested that the format of the Adaptive Behavior Scale fosters errors of underestimation. Possible solutions to this problem were discussed.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Behavioral effects of interinstitutional relocation of mentally retarded residents.

Deinstitutionalization requires relocation of mentally residents. An exploratory investigation was conducted of the impact of interinstitutional relocation. The subjects were residents transferred from a large institution to a smaller facility and a matched comparison group from the latter facility. The 92 male and female subjects ranged from 10 to 42 years of age. The Adaptive Behavior Scale was administered prior to relocation, immediately following relocation, and 6 to 8 weeks following relocation. Higher functioning residents showed a pattern of lowered functioning and withdrawal following relocation. Relative to the comparison group, they were more withdrawn and suffered setbacks in language development. In contrast, lower functioning residents generally increased activity levels of both adaptive and acting-out behavior. The necessity for risk/benefit analysis preceding decisions to relocate residents was discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lithium carbonate for aggression in mentally retarded persons.

These are the results of a retrospective study in which we reviewed the charts of 38 consecutive aggressive mentally retarded persons who were treated with lithium carbonate. All subjects were residents of a university operated program that serves mentally retarded persons with behavioral disorders. Over 63% of these subjects evidenced a greater than 30% reduction in the frequency of aggressiveness subsequent to the start of lithium therapy. Subjects with higher serum lithium levels had a more favorable response to lithium, along with those exhibiting higher levels of hyperactivity and violence before treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improve quality in nursing homes or institute community placement? Implementation of OBRA for individuals with mental retardation.

A matched sample longitudinal design was used to compare the outcomes for individuals with mental retardation who were either retained in nursing homes or transferred to community based living arrangements. Persons who moved from nursing homes to community residences experienced increased performance in adaptive behavior skills, whereas persons who remained in nursing homes regressed. Individual habilitation plans became nearly universal in both environments, but those plans prepared in the community were more focused on vocational type goals. Hours of service also increased in both environments, with the greatest increases being observed in habilitation training. Nursing services dropped to near-zero levels in community-based programs.

Activities of Daily Living↗