HCV genotypes in different countries.
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Genotype↗
Biomedical subjects
S Takase
Publications and source records attributed to S Takase.
Changes in the markers related to collagen synthesis in the liver of chronically alcohol treated rats.
In order to clarify the roles of Ito cells in the development of alcoholic fibrosis, markers related to collagen synthesis in the liver were analyzed in chronically alcohol treated rats. The livers were obtained from rats fed a diet containing alcohol (alcohol group) and those fed a control diet (control group) for 4 weeks. Prolyl hydroxylase (PH) activity in the whole liver tissue did not differ in the alcohol and control groups. However, the activity in the isolated Ito cells was significantly higher in the alcohol group than in the control group. Immunoreactive PH beta-subunit contents in the liver and serum were significantly higher in the alcohol group than in the control group. Hydroxyproline contents in the liver did not differ in either groups. Immunohistochemically, type IV collagen and laminin were clearly stained along with the sinusoid in the livers of the alcohol group. However, the staining reactions were very weak in the control group. Staining reactions to types I and III collagen were very weak or almost absent in the livers of both groups. Desmin-positive cells, along with the sinusoid, increased significantly in the alcohol group, especially at the centrilobular area, suggesting that the number of Ito cell increase in the centrilobular areas of the alcohol treated rats. These results suggest that type IV collagen and laminin synthesis increase in the Ito cells of chronically alcohol treated rats, although clear evidence of hepatic fibrosis was not obtained. This increase may be related to capillarization of the sinusoids and finally to the development of perisinusoidal fibrosis in alcoholics.
Animals↗
Effects of vitamin A on collagen metabolism by cultured rat liver cells.
Conflicting results have been reported concerning the phenotypes of collagen produced by cultured Ito cells. These variations may be attributed to differences in pretreatment, i.e., with or without vitamin A to facilitate the separation of Ito cells. In the present study, the effects of vitamin A on collagen metabolism by Ito cells and hepatocytes of rats were analyzed. In cultured Ito cells, staining reactions to type I collagen increased, and those to type IV collagen and laminin decreased after pretreatment with vitamin A. The rate of collagen synthesis by Ito cells decreases significantly by treatment with vitamin A. The decrease was clearer in degraded collagen than in intact collagen. The synthesis of type I collagen increased and that of type IV collagen significantly decreased in Ito cells by treatment with vitamin A. In the hepatocytes, the staining reaction to type I collagen increased with vitamin A pretreatment. The net collagen and type III collagen synthesis in hepatocytes decreased by treatment with vitamin A. These results indicate that vitamin A modifies collagen metabolism in different cell types in different ways.
Animals↗
Changes in vitamin A status following prolonged immobilization (simulated weightlessness).
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of a simulated weightlessness induced by chronic immobilization on vitamin A status. To simulate the stress condition of weightlessness, rats were suspended for 10 days in a special jacket to which metal chains were attached. Animals received a commercial stock diet. Control rats were pair-fed in reference to the suspended rats. As compared with the control, prolonged immobilization resulted in a decrease in body weight gain and an increase in adrenal weight occurred. In the suspended rats, serum concentrations of retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) declined. Hepatic retinyl palmitate content increased, and the hepatic retinol level was decreased. The prolonged immobilization led to significantly reduced retinyl palmitate levels in the testis and lung as well as lowered testicular retinol levels. The results suggest that the stress state induced by prolonged immobilization caused accumulation of hepatic retinyl palmitate, decreasing the serum retinol concentration and retinyl ester content in the extrahepatic tissues.
Adrenal Glands↗
Clinical backgrounds of the patients having different types of hepatitis C virus genomes.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes were recently detected in biological materials, and variations of nucleotide sequences were reported. In the present study, typing of the HCV genomes was performed in 91 HCV-RNA-positive patients and the clinical features of patients with different types of HCV were compared. From the nucleotide sequences of the cDNA fragments, HCV can be divided into at least two types: HCV-K1-PT and HCV-K2. All cDNAs amplified from 91 patients were hybridized with cDNA probes of either HCV-K1-PT or HCV-K2. HCV-K1-PT was found in about 80% of the patients, and HCV-K2 was found in about 20% of the patients. These results indicate that types of HCV are limited to two types, i.e., K1-PT and K2, and the major type is HCV-K1-PT, at least in Japan. Detection rate of antibodies to C-100-3 protein were not different between the patients having HCV-K1-PT and HCV-K2, indicating that the antibodies may develop in HCV-related patients without relation to the types of the HCV genomes. Prevalence of the two types of HCV were nearly the same in various forms of NANB-related liver disease. However, the prevalence was somewhat different in alcoholic liver disease. HCV-K2 was found in patients younger than the patients with HCV-K1-PT. Frequency of a history of blood transfusion tended to be lower and the initial response to interferon treatment was clearly better in patients having HCV-K2 versus patients having HCV-K1-PT. These results suggest the possibility that clinical features due to HCV-K1 may be somewhat different from those due to HCV-K1-PT. However, the number of patients examined was too small to allow a definite conclusion, indicating a necessity for further study with a larger number of patients.
DNA, Viral↗
Effect of maltitol intake on intestinal calcium absorption in the rat.
To examine whether sugar alcohol affects intestinal calcium absorption, 5-week-old male Wistar rats were fed a basal diet (66% starch) or the diets containing either 10% maltitol, 10% sorbitol or 10% lactose. At 2 and 6 weeks after the start of feeding, the animals were subjected to 5-day-period calcium balance study. Feeding maltitol diets as well as sorbitol diet led to a significantly elevated intestinal calcium absorption and calcium retention. Lactose diet did not produce an increased intestinal calcium absorption in the condition used in the present study. To explore whether maltitol can exert its effect in a short period of time, the rats were starved for 16h and were fed by a polyethylene tube the diet containing 0.44% calcium together with either 10% maltitol or 10% glucose. The total calcium remaining in the gastrointestinal tract at 6h after feeding was significantly decreased in the rats given maltitol diet as compared to the rats given glucose diet. When 10 microCi of 45CaCl2 was given orally with the diets containing maltitol or glucose, the amount of 45Ca remaining in the gastrointestinal tract at 6h after its administration was smaller in the rats fed maltitol diet than in the rats fed glucose diet. These results suggest that both di- and monosaccharide alcohols might affect intestinal epithelium, resulting in an enhanced intestinal calcium absorption.
Algorithms↗
Decrease of lactase activity in the small intestine of jejunum-bypassed rats.
The effect of jejunum-bypass operation on lactase in rat small intestine was examined. Three groups of four or five rats were designated as jejunum-bypassed, sham-operated and normal rats. All animals including normal rats received by pair-feeding 5% glucose/1% NaCl for 5 days following the operation; thereafter they were fed ad libitum the laboratory chow diet. Three weeks after the jejunal bypass operation, the proximal ileum exhibited a hyperplasia as evidenced by a concomitant increase in mucosal contents of both total proteins and DNA. The specific activity of lactase in this segment was significantly lower in the operated rats than sham-operated controls, whereas the specific activity of sucrase in this segment was significantly elevated. The reduction of lactase activity was also evident in the proximal jejunal segment as well as in the distal jejunum which was deprived of luminal nutrition, suggesting that some hormonal factor(s) might be involved in the decrease of lactase activity in jejunum-bypassed animals. Electroimmunoassay revealed that the amount of immunoreactive lactase also declined in the operated rats relative to the sham-operated controls. Our results thus suggest that lactase activity in residual ileum is not only unable to compensate for the loss of digestive-absorptive surface of jejunum, but lactase activity even decreases following jejunum-bypass operation.
Animals↗
WS009 A and B, new endothelin receptor antagonists isolated from Streptomyces sp. no. 89009. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities.
WS009 A and B novel endothelin receptor antagonists, have been isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. No. 89009. These antagonists were purified from the culture filtrate followed by Diaion SP-207, DEAE Toyopearl column chromatography and HPLC. WS009 A and B showed selective activity in an endothelin receptor binding assay with IC50 of 5.8 x 10(-6) M and 6.7 x 10(-7) M, respectively. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, the structures of WS009 A and B have been established as 1 and 3, and are highly hydroxylated benz[a]anthraquinone chromophores.
Anthraquinones↗
New angiogenesis inhibitors, WF-16775 A1 and A2.
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Allantois↗
A new angiogenesis inhibitor, FR-111142.
FR-111142 is a new angiogenesis inhibitor produced by a fungus Scolecobasidium arenarium F-2015. FR-111142 inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in the growing chick chorioallantoic membrane model in vivo. Further, FR-111142 also suppressed the solid tumor growth in mice.
Allantois↗
WF11605, an antagonist of leukotriene B4 produced by a fungus. II. Structure determination.
The structure of WF11605, a novel tetracyclic triterpene glucoside, was determined to be 1. The plane structure of deacetyl-WF11605 aglycone was elucidated as 2 through the concerted application of a series of 2D NMR techniques. The relative configurations were established by X-ray crystallographic analysis of bis(p-bromobenzoyl) derivative 3 and absolute stereochemistry by CD exciton chirality method.
Chrysenes↗
WS-7338, new endothelin receptor antagonists isolated from Streptomyces sp. No. 7338. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities.
WS-7338 A, B, C and D, novel endothelin receptor antagonists, have been isolated from fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. No. 7338. These antagonists were purified from the culture mycelium by extraction with acetone, followed by carbon column chromatography and HPLC. Among them, WS-7338 B showed good activity in an endothelin receptor binding assay with an IC50 of 2.7 x 10(-7) M.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
WS-7338, new endothelin receptor antagonists isolated from Streptomyces sp. No. 7338. III. Structures of WS-7338 A, B, C and D and total synthesis of WS-7338 B.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Endoscopic studies on refractory gastric ulcers, especially, linear ulcers, treated with proton pump inhibitor].
Seven patients with refractory gastric ulcers against H2-blocker therapy, were treated with omeprazole, and the endoscopic findings serially followed. Round ulcers improved steadily with treatment in two cases. However, healing of the ulcers was not complete and very small pin-point ulcers remained. Therefore, a prostaglandin E1 analogue was added at the 14 and 16th week of omeprazole therapy. The ulcers healed completely, two weeks later. In five cases with linear ulcers, one case discontinued the taking of omeprazole. The linear ulcers in the other four cases healed completely within 4 to 11 weeks. Endoscopically, some parts of the linear ulcers were initially scarred and the ulcers were divided into several short ulcers. The ulcers separated there after and healed respectively. These findings suggest that the healing process of linear ulcers may represent the reversed course of the developing process of linear ulcers. The results indicate that omeprazole is highly effective for the treatment of refractory gastric ulcers.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
[A successful removal of the left ventricular lipoma].
We reported a rare case of left ventricular lipoma, which arose nearby the papillary muscle in the left ventricular wall. It was disclosed by echocardiography and nearly diagnosed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. We successfully removed the tumor. It measured 3.8 x 1.5 x 1.3 cm and 3.6 g. Microscopically, it was not encapsulated and consisted of mature adipose tissue. But, it did not invaded the cardiac muscles. In conclusion, the tumor detected lipoma. Postoperative course is uneventful, and the patient has been followed by serial echocardiography.
Adolescent↗
[Relationship between Ga-67 uptake and radiotherapeutic response of primary lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)].
This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between Ga-67 uptake and radiotherapeutic response to primary lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma), Ga-67 uptake of tumor was estimated on 16 patients with untreated primary lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma). Ga-67 uptake was then compared with the response to radiation therapy (tumor reduction ratio). There was statistically significant inverse correlation between Ga-67 uptake and response to radiation therapy (r = -0.701, p less than 0.01). The fewer the Ga-67 accumulation in the tumor, the more effective radiotherapy in reducing tumor size. In conclusion, Ga-67 scintigraphy appears to be able to predict the response of primary lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) to radiation therapy.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
[Two cases of congenital cardiac anomaly associated with esophageal atresia].
Two cases of congenital cardiac anomaly associated with esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula were presented. One case was HLHS, and the other was TAPVR. Esophageal procedures were performed earlier than cardiac procedures in both cases. Primary anastomosis for esophageal atresia just after birth in the latter case. Corrective procedures for cardiac anomalies were performed at 36 days and 35 days after birth, respectively. The HLHS case died perioperatively and the TAPVR case survived the operation and is alive one year postoperatively.
Esophageal Atresia↗
Degradation of sucrase-isomaltase in the ileum of jejunum-bypassed rats.
At 3 weeks after jejunal-bypass operation in the rat, the proximal ileum exhibited a greater sucrase specific activity than did sham-operated controls, whereas isomaltase activity was unaffected. Electroimmunoassay of sucrase-isomaltase and a degradation product, isomaltase monomer, revealed an elevated molar ratio of sucrase subunit to isomaltase subunit in operated rats, suggesting a decrease in the extent of degradation of ileal sucrase-isomaltase after the jejunal-bypass operation.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗