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Biomedical subjects

S Tewari

Publications and source records attributed to S Tewari.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Practice of standards in female sterilisation.

During training of trainers (TOT) courses organised for medical personnel of Haryana Civil Medical Services (HCMS) by COE Medical College, Rohtak, 55 doctors involved in female sterilisations were interrogated regarding practices in counselling, informed decision, asepsis, surgical procedure, operative and postoperative care and follow-up of the clients accepting sterilisation as contraception. Counselling was the responsibility of auxiliary nurse cum midwife (ANM) lady health volunteer (LHV)/other paramedical workers as viewed by 89.1% participants whereas 85.4% thought that the registration clerk should take the informed consent. Eligibility criteria were always adhered to by 10.9% participants. Asepsis and sterilisation of instruments, etc, were maintained by operation theatre (OT) attendant or OT nurse as answered by 90.9% doctors. Skin preparation was done by a solution containing cetrimide and chlorhexidine alone by 70.8% doctors. The ligation and excision was the method practised by all. Catgut suture was used by only 43.6% doctors. Twenty-six maternal deaths were reported by 20 participants during their whole career. There were 7 deaths on the table, all with laparoscopic sterilisation. Peritonitis with septicaemia was the major cause of death in majority of cases. To ensure high quality and safety of voluntary surgical contraception, programmes must establish a system to ensure that standards are maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Spirometry for the primary care physician.

The clinician wishing to employ a spirometer in the office must be aware of the equipment available and the current standards for validating and maintaining such equipment. Indications for spirometry are fairly frequent in general medical practice for both diagnosis, response to therapy, and for risk assessment prior to surgery. The criteria for characterizing a spirogram as normal, obstructive or restrictive, are well defined. The information obtained may be very helpful to point to additional specific diagnostic studies or to outline a specific treatment plan.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1993

Examination stress in medical student: a study.

The present study was conducted on 40 male and 10 female students appearing for the 1st MBBS examination. Two readings of pulse rate, blood pressure and electro cardiogram were taken viz 6 months (control) and 10 minutes prior to the examination. A significant increase was seen in the pulse rate and blood pressure readings before the examination as compared to the control readings. However, no significant change was observed in electro cardiographic recordings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Alterations in brain polyribosomal RNA translation and lymphocyte proliferation in prenatal ethanol-exposed rats.

The long-term effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the properties of brain polysomes and the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to mitogenic stimulation in adult offspring were assessed. Female Sprague-Dawley rats either ingested the control or 6.6% ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Controls were age-matched and pair-fed. At 42 to 72 days of age, ethanol effects were evaluated on the (1) polysomal properties in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and hippocampal regions of the brain after translation in a messenger RNA (mRNA)-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and (2) immunologic functions of lymphocytes cultured from spleen cells by measuring their responses to mitogenic stimulation. Results showed long-term adverse effects of in utero ethanol exposure on the polysomal RNA translation in each of the three brain regions tested with free polysomal mRNAs affected more than the bound polysomal mRNAs. Of these, the hippocampal region appeared to sustain the most injurious effects. In addition, a suppression of the mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses were present under these conditions. The degree of suppression varied with the specific mitogen used. Data suggest that the ethanol effects on the CNS and lymphocyte proliferation are most possibly irreversible, and in the case of the CNS, a post-translational modification by ethanol is indicated. The reduced lymphocyte responses are suggestive of a possible interference by ethanol of the synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and/or a reduced binding of IL-2 with its receptor (IL-2 receptors).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of lorazepam on the properties of brain polysomes.

This study determined the effects of acute administration of lorazepam (LRZ) on brain protein synthesis by examining the translational abilities of polysomal RNA under in vitro conditions compared to those produced by the CNS depressants, ethanol and pentobarbital. Lorazepam (2 mg/kg body weight), ethanol (4 g/kg body weight) or pentobarbital (40 mg/kg body weight) were given orally to 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Control groups were either untreated or received the vehicle sesame seed oil orally. The measurement of rectal temperature in each group before (baseline) and 60 min after drug administration showed no change in body temperature in the control or LRZ treated groups but there was a significant temperature drop in the ethanol and pentobarbital group. After 60 min of drug administration, experimental groups when compared to the controls showed significant inhibitions in the translational activities of the cerebral polysomes. The inhibition was most pronounced with polysomes from the LRZ treated group and was consistently observed over a 60 min time period. The findings suggest polysomal translation as one of the major sites of action of LRZ which is independent of changes in body temperature as compared to ethanol and pentobarbital. Since protein synthesis is known to play a key role in learning and memory, the observed inhibitory effects of LRZ may explain its interference with memory consolidation observed under experimental and clinical conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Rieger's syndrome.

Rieger's syndrome which is a congenital progressive, autosomally dominant, ophthalmic anomaly has certain associated somatic dentofacial and systemic features. These extra dentofacial and systemic findings can play very important role in diagnosing this syndrome so as to prevent the ocular complications. This article reports such a case in a 20-yr-old woman and discusses somatic features along with the clinical importance of early diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A clinical evaluation of dentinal slot, amalgapin & T.M.S. retention in amalgam restorations.

In this study, clinical performance of Dentinal slot, Amalgapin & Pin Retained Amalgam restoration was evaluated. The study was performed in 20 patients requiring extensive restoration. Clinical evaluation was done by two caliberated experts at 6 months, one year, & one & half year duration. It was concluded that Dentinal slot restorations showed better clinical performance than the Pin retained restorations. However results of Amalgapin restorations were not that promising.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Translational regulation in growing clonal human astrocytoma cells in culture.

The in vivo and in vitro protein synthesis by polysomes prepared from Cox astrocytoma cells grown in the presence of 100 mM ethanol were examined during transition from exponential to stationary growth phase. A sharp decline of translational activities of Cox poly (A) + messenger RNAs (mRNAs) occurred during this transition. This decline was accentuated when cells were grown in the presence of ethanol. The observed decline in mRNA translational activity was investigated in vitro in a micrococcal nuclease treated, mRNA depleted postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS) fraction containing [35S]methionine. The formation of the 35S-labeled 40S ternary complex in the absence of mRNA and of the 35S-labeled 80S initiation complex in the presence of Cox or brain poly (A) + mRNAs were reduced substantially when the source of PMS was from stationary phase or ethanol exposed cells. The sedimentation of peaks containing 40S ternary and 80S initiation complexes following sucrose density gradient analysis showed marked reductions in [35S]methionine labeling during the transition to stationary phase and also following ethanol exposure. The reduced formation of initiation complexes suggests possible functional modifications of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) present in the PMS fraction and of mRNAs under these conditions. Data suggest that cells initiate adaptive or protective mechanisms by reducing the rate of the initiation reaction following environmental alterations produced by ethanol.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1987

Translational regulation in rat brain hemispheres.

Present studies on the sensitivity of the transcription process in rat cerebral hemispheres showed that the relative abundance and translation of free and bound poly (A)+ mRNAs in a reticulocyte mRNA-dependent system were reduced following 1 h and 4 h of ethanol or pentobarbital administration with free being affected to a greater extent than the bound poly (A)+ mRNAs. In addition, the energy-dependent nucleocytoplasmic transport of in vivo [3H]labeled nuclear RNA to surrogate cytoplasm was modified in response to ethanol exposure. The translocation of the labeled nuclear RNA fraction occurred only to the microsomal/ribosomal fractions of the cytoplasm, was stimulated by cyclic cAMP and abolished when the cytoplasm was depleted of its protein factors following streptomycin treatment, thereby establishing the translocated RNA as messenger RNA. It is concluded that the neural cell, in response to ethanol exposure, modifies the efficiency of nuclear processing and transport of mRNA. This nuclear restriction probably occurs at multi-levels during the post-transcriptional modification of mRNAs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The response of rat brain protein synthesis to ethanol and sodium barbital.

Central nervous system (CNS) depressants such as ethanol and barbiturates under acute or chronic conditions can induce changes in rat brain protein synthesis. While these data demonstrate the individual effects of drugs on protein synthesis, the response of brain protein synthesis to alcohol-drug interactions is not known. The goal of the present study was to determine the individual and combined effects of ethanol and sodium barbital on brain protein synthesis and gain an understanding of the mechanisms by which these alterations in protein synthesis are produced. Specifically, the in vivo and in vitro effects of sodium barbital (one class of barbiturates which is not metabolized by the hepatic tissue) were examined on brain protein synthesis in rats made physically dependent upon ethanol. Using cell free brain polysomal systems isolated from "Control," "Ethanol" and 24 h "Ethanol Withdrawn" rats, data show that sodium barbital, when intubated intragastrically, inhibited the time dependent incorporation of 14(C) leucine into protein by all three groups of ribosomes. Under these conditions, the "Ethanol Withdrawn" group displayed the largest inhibition of the 14(C) leucine incorporation into protein when compared to the "Control" and "Ethanol" groups. In addition, sodium barbital when added at various concentrations in vitro to the incubation medium inhibited the incorporation of 14(C) leucine into protein by "Control" and "Ethanol" polysomes. The inhibitory effects were also obtained following preincubation of ribosomes in the presence of barbital but not cycloheximide. Data suggest that brain protein synthesis, specifically brain polysomes, through interaction with ethanol or barbital are involved in the functional development of tolerance. These interactions may occur through proteins or polypeptide chains or alterations in messenger RNA components associated with the ribosomal units.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1984

Neurophysiological changes in the in vitro rat hippocampus following chronic lithium administration.

The effect of chronic lithium exposure on the electrophysiological responses of the Schaffer collateral-commissural (SCC) input to the CA1 pyramidal neurons in the in vitro hippocampus was investigated. Experimental animals were intubated intragastrically with lithium carbonate (150 mg/kg) for 3-4 weeks. This treatment produced lithium levels in serum and hippocampus of 0.3-1.3 mM. During the recording period, the hippocampal slice retained a stable lithium concentration of 53% of the initial value. Chronic lithium exposure had a depressive effect on input/output relationships, paired-pulse facilitation and strength of orthodromic inhibition. The antidromic inhibition was virtually intact. No obvious differences were found between control and lithium slices in amplitude, latency or waveforms, of synaptic and antidromic extracellular potentials. These findings are compatible with a major action of lithium on the excitability of SCC axons and synaptic terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A change in isoaccepting leucine transfer RNA species in rat brain after prolonged ingestion of ethanol.

The effects of prolonged ethanol administration (10% ethanol-water solution as the sole drinking fluid for 6 to 14 weeks) on brain ribosomes and tRNA were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. For comparison, liver ribosomes were also studied. The amounts of ribosomes in brain and liver and the proportion of the ribosomes in the form of polyribosomes were found to be essentially unaltered after 14 weeks of ethanol intake. In the brains of ethanol-treated animals, the total amount of unfractionated tRNA was slightly increased after 6 weeks. The acceptance of radioactive glutamic acid, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline and serine by tRNA was also unaltered. When the activities of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific for the six amino acids were studied in cross-over experiments, no changes were found. Comparison of the isoaccepting species of [14C]Met-, [14C]Leu- and [14C]Ser-tRNA by chromatography on benzoylated DEAE-cellulose revealed significant alteration in the chromatographic profile of [14C]Leu-tRNA derived from the brains of the alcohol-treated rats. These results suggest that prolonged intake of relatively small amounts of ethanol is accompanied in rats by essentially no alterations in total amounts of brain and liver ribosomes, brain tRNA, or activities of several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. As demonstrated by the leucine tRNAs, however, the quantitative distribution of isoaccepting tRNA species may change.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Migration inhibition of normal rat thymocytes as an in vitro method for detecting cell-mediated immunity in rat and mouse.

Normal rat thymocytes were used as a migrating population to study the effect of migration inhibition factor (MIF) released by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) immune lymphocytes. Normal thymocytes (migrating cells), SRBC (target antigen) and SRBC immune lymphocytes (effector cells) were packed in capillary tubes and their migration studied. This migration inhibition assay proved to be a very good in vitro correlate of specific delayed type hypersensitivity against SRBC, a particulate antigen, in rats. Normal rat thymocytes could also be used to study the specific immune reactivity of murine lymphocytes sensitised to SRBC. SRBC immune rat thymocytes functioned as both the migrating cell population and MIF producing cells. This assay permitted study of the interaction between thymocytes and lymphocytes from rats in producing enhanced inhibition of cellular migration. A major advantage of the technique is the possibility of assaying a large number of replicates from abundant normal thymocytes.

Animals↗