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Biomedical subjects

S Tikanoja

Publications and source records attributed to S Tikanoja.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Monitoring periodontal disease status in smokers and nonsmokers using a gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8-specific chair-side test.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With current periodontal diagnostic tools it is difficult to identify susceptible individuals or sites at risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8-specific chair-side dip-stick test in longitudinally monitoring the periodontal status of smoking (S) and nonsmoking (NS) patients with chronic periodontitis, using their gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) MMP-8 concentrations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical parameters, MMP-8 test results and concentrations were monitored in 16 patients after initial treatment and in 15 patients after scaling and root planing (SRP), every other month, over a 12-mo time period. Progressing and stable sites, and sites with exceptionally high MMP-8 concentrations, were analysed in smokers and nonsmokers. RESULTS: SRP reduced the mean GCF MMP-8 levels, test scores, probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). In sites of periodontal disease progression, the distribution of MMP-8 concentrations was broader than in stable sites, indicating a tendency for elevated concentrations in patients with periodontal disease. The mean MMP-8 concentrations in smokers were lower than in nonsmokers, but in smokers' and nonsmokers' sites with progressive disease, MMP-8 concentrations were similar. Sites with exceptionally elevated MMP-8 concentrations were clustered in smokers who also showed a poor response to SRP. In these sites, the MMP-8 concentration did not decrease with SRP and these sites were easily identified by the MMP-8 test. CONCLUSION: Persistently elevated GCF MMP-8 concentrations may indicate sites at risk, as well as patients with poor response to conventional periodontal treatment (e.g. SRP). MMP-8 testing may be useful as an adjunct to traditional periodontal diagnostic methods during the maintenance phase.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2003

Changes in gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels during periodontal treatment and maintenance.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) and the maintenance phase of treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical measurements and GCF samples were taken from four sites in 20 adult periodontitis patients before and after SRP and during a 3-month maintenance phase of treatment. MMP-8 levels were measured from GCF samples by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) with monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: SRP improved the clinical indices as would be predicted, 6.1 mm (SD = 1.4) at baseline compared with 4.3 mm (SD = 1.6) post-treatment (P < 0.001). Attachment level (AL) reduced but not significantly between these two visits 13.4 mm (SD = 2.4) compared with 12.8 mm (SD = 2.4) (P < 0.08) post therapy. GCF MMP-8 levels reduced after initial treatment from 33.8 micro g/30 s sample to 23.5 micro g/30 s, which just failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). However, when MMP-8 levels were expressed as a concentration, the differences following initial therapy were significant (54.1 ng/ micro L at baseline compared with 34.2 ng/micro L post treatment; P < 0.005). The difference, however, between the baseline MMP-8 levels (33.8 ng/30 s) and the final visit (16 ng/30 s) following maintenance was markedly significant (P < 0.001) for both absolute amounts and on a concentration basis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, clinical improvement following SRP was associated with significant reductions in MMP-8 levels. The GCF concentration of MMP-8 decreased after initial therapy but reduced even more dramatically (approximately 50%) following a 3-month period of maintenance (P < 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Scientific basis of a matrix metalloproteinase-8 specific chair-side test for monitoring periodontal and peri-implant health and disease.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially collagenase-2 (MMP-8), are key mediators of irreversible tissue destruction associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis. MMP-8 is known to exist in elevated amounts and in active form in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) from progressing periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions and sites, respectively. (Sorsa et al. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 737: 112-131 [1994]; Teronen et al. J. Dent. Res. 76: 1529-1537 [1997]). We have developed monoclonal antibodies to MMP-8 (Hanemaaijer et al. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 31504-31509 [1997]) that can be used in a chair-side dipstick test to monitor the course and treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibody tests for MMP-8 coincided with the classical functional collagenase activity test from GCF and PISF (Sorsa et al. J. Periodont. Res. 22: 386-393 [1988]) in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. In future a chair-side functional and/or immunological MMP-test can be useful to diagnose and monitor periodontal and peri-implant disease and health.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1996

Urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip for acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: A simple, rapid test is specific and sensitive enough to distinguish, in patients with clinically suspected acute pancreatitis, those whose abdominal pain is indeed of pancreatic origin has proved elusive. METHODS: In two consecutive series of surgical patients in a teaching hospital, whose acute abdominal pain turned out to be due to acute pancreatitis (n-57) or extrapancreatic in origin (n=40), we studied urinary trypsinogen-2 in two ways. A test strip, incorporating monoclonal antibodies to two epitopes on trypsinogen-2, recorded a blue line when concentrations exceeded 50 microgram/L; we also measured trypsinogen-2 concentrations in the laboratory. FINDINGS: In the patients with acute pancreatitis the test strip was positive in 52 and negative in five, whereas in the 40 extrapancreatic controls there were four false positives. In a further set of 57 orthopaedic controls, one urine was strip-test positive. Concentrations of urinary trypsinogen-2 and the test-strip results were in good agreement and in only three of the 154 patients were the two approaches discrepant, at the 50 microgram/L cut-off. INTERPRETATION: These findings, in patients whose acute abdominal pain was known to be pancreatic in origin or not, are encouraging but need to be confirmed in a consecutive series of patients in whom the diagnosis of pancreatitis is in doubt.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1996

Hyperamylasemia after cardiac surgery in infants and children.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to clarify the incidence of hyperamylasemia after cardiac surgery in infants and children. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: 186 infants and children operated on at Children's Hospital. Helsinki, during an 11-month period were enrolled in the study. Serum samples were taken before and on 3 consecutive days after cardiac surgery at the intensive care unit and before discharge from the hospital. MEASUREMENTS: We measured serum total amylase and serum pancreatic amylase with two different assays (1) reduction of salivary amylase from total amylase activity and (2) measurement of mass concentration with monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Preoperative values for both total amylase and pancreatic isoenzymes were strongly age-related. At least one of the three tests showed postoperative hyperamylasemia (> +/- 2 SD above starting values of the age group and maximal value > 3 times the individual starting value) in 64/186 (34%) patients. 22/186 (12%) patients had abnormal results in all assays. A more than tenfold rise in pancreatic amylase, suggesting pancreatitis, was found in 14 patients (8%). Mortality was 21% in this subgroup, but 5% in the rest of the patients. Hyperamylasemia was more common after 1 year of age, and after open-heart surgery, especially homograft implantation or cardiac transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperamylasemia is a common finding after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients. Amylase isoenzyme measurements are needed for clinical decision making. Age-group-related reference values are mandatory for the right interpretation of amylase values.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Ultrafiltration devices tested for use in a free thyroxine assay validated by comparison with equilibrium dialysis.

A new ultrafiltration method for measuring serum free thyroxine (FT4) is presented. The method makes use of disposable ultrafiltration devices, which were selected on grounds of their ability to produce protein-free serum ultrafiltrates necessary for accurate determination of FT4. Ultrafiltrate thyroxine was measured by radio-immunoassay. As measured by this method, the mean serum FT4 concentration in reference subjects (n = 17) was 25.4 pmol/l (SD 7.8). Two patient groups were studied: hyperthyroid (n = 20, mean serum FT4 138 pmol/l, SD 69) and hypothyroid (n = 18, mean serum FT4 14.8 pmol/l, SD 6.5). These results were compared with serum FT4 concentrations, as measured by an ultrafiltration method based on the use of dialysis-tubing bags (r = 0.97), and by an equilibrium dialysis method (r = 0.95). The mean level of FT4, as measured by the ultrafiltration methodologies, was about twice as high as that measured by equilibrium dialysis. This new FT4 method is more practical than earlier ultrafiltration methods and, theoretically, analytically more accurate than equilibrium dialysis methods.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Cancer-associated antigen CA 15-3 in the diagnostics of breast tumours.

The serum concentration of the new marker CA 15-3 was determined by a kit method, which is based on the use of two different monoclonal antibodies 115D8 and DF3, in a coated tube immunoradiometric technique. The mean CA 15-3 values in breast cancer patients (n = 40) were significantly higher than in patients with benign breast disease (n = 52, p less than 0.001) and in control subjects (n = 32, p less than 0.001). When we used the cut-off level 35 kU/l for CA 15-3, 0/32 of control subjects, 1/52 (2%) of patients with benign breast disease, 8/40 (20%) of all breast cancer patients, 6/19 (32%) of breast cancer patients with axillary nodal involvement and 1/1 of breast cancer patients with distant metastases were above this level. Among the same patients the CEA serum test was positive at a cut-off level of 5 micrograms/l in 7/40 (18%) cancer cases, and in 6/19 (32%) of cancer patients with nodal involvement. When we used the cut-off level 35 kU/l for CA 15-3 and 5 micrograms/l for CEA 1/52 (2%) of patients with benign breast disease, 10/40 (25%) of all breast cancer patients, 7/19 (37%) patients with axillary nodal involvement and 1/1 of breast cancer patients with distant metastases were positive in one or both of the tests. The serum CA 15-3 and CEA values were higher in patients with tumour size above 2 cm in diameter than in patients with smaller tumours (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Concentrations of iodothyronines in serum of patients with chronic renal failure and other nonthyroidal illnesses: role of free fatty acids.

The mean concentration of free thyroxin (FT4) in serum, as determined by direct equilibrium dialysis, was decreased in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and increased in patients with various other nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI). The mean concentration of dialyzable free triiodothyronine (FT3) in serum was equally low in both groups of patients. Patients with CRF of various etiology but a similar degree of renal failure as estimated from serum creatinine assay had very similar concentrations of FT4 and FT3 in their serum. Mean thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in serum were decreased in CRF and NTI, whereas the mean reverse-T3 concentration in serum was normal in CRF and increased in NTI. T4-binding globulin and albumin were markedly decreased in CRF and NTI; T4-binding prealbumin was increased in CRF and decreased in NTI. The mean concentration of nonesterified free fatty acids (FFA) in serum was increased in NTI but not in CRF. The weak, but significant, positive correlation observed between FT4 and FFA in serum (r = 0.34, P less than 0.01) in NTI indicates that the increase in serum FT4 in this group of patients could be an effect, at least in part, of FFA competing with T4 for binding sites on serum proteins. The stronger correlation detected between the serum FT4 concentration and the FFA/albumin molar ratio in serum (r = 0.60, P less than 0.001) demonstrates the importance of a low albumin concentration for expression of the effect of FFA on FT4 in severe systemic illnesses.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Performance of direct equilibrium dialysis and analogue-type free thyroid hormone assays, and an immunoradiometric TSH method in patients with thyroid dysfunction.

Direct equilibrium dialysis and analogue-type radio-immunoassays for free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) in serum were compared in 168 subjects with various states of thyroid function. A good diagnostic efficacy for FT3 and FT4 by either type of assay was observed in hyperthyroidism. In hypothyroidism the free thyroid hormone assays, particularly the FT3 assays, performed diagnostically less well, partly because patients with mild disease were included in the study. No significant differences in the percentages of misclassifications of thyroid dysfunction patients by corresponding dialysis and analogue assays were found. We observed a good linear correlation between dialysis and analogue methods for FT3 (r = 0.98) and FT4 (r = 0.97) in this study comprising out-patients not suffering from severe non-thyroidal disease, known from earlier studies in this and other laboratories to interfere in these assays. It is concluded that analogue assays may be used on out-patients in whom severe systemic diseases are less frequent than in hospitalized patients. There are, however, other limitations to the use of analogue assays than systemic diseases. We observed two euthyroid patients with thyroxine auto-antibodies causing very high FT4 concentrations as determined by analogue assay; their dialysable FT4 concentrations were normal. We also tested a recently developed immunoradiometric serum TSH assay, which was found to perform well in primary hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Serum TSH was elevated in one patient hyperthyroid because of a TSH-producing pituitary adenoma, and within the reference limits in a patient with secondary hypothyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cerebrospinal fluid lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin in neurosarcoidosis.

The levels of lysozyme (LZM) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 32 patients with sarcoidosis, 20 of whom had neurosarcoidosis. LZM was analyzed by a new radioimmunoassay (RIA) modification. CSF LZM was elevated in 15 of 20 patients with neurosarcoidosis but in only 4 of 12 patients with extraneural sarcoidosis. CSF beta 2m values were elevated in 13 of 19 and in one of 11 patients, respectively. In neurosarcoidosis, both CSF LZM and beta 2m correlated to CSF leucocytes but not significantly to CSF albumin thus suggesting that LZM and beta 2m were secreted from cells within the central nervous system (CNS). In patients with sarcoidosis, elevations of CSF LZM and beta 2m revealed disease activity in the CNS. Both analyses were also useful in the follow-up of neurosarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Urinary neopterin index as a measure of rheumatoid activity.

The urinary neopterin index (U-NEOPT-I), expressed as micro-moles of neopterin/moles of creatinine) of 67 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis was significantly higher than that of sex- and age-matched persons or of 24 non-matched patients suffering from osteoarthrosis or arthralgia (2p less than 0.001). Furthermore, the patients with active disease had statistically significantly increased U-NEOPT-I when compared with patients with a clinically less active disease. In this study, the U-NEOPT-I value was the equal of CRP as a measure of rheumatoid activity. We suggest that neopterin might be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A sensitive and practical immunoradiometric assay of thyrotropin.

We describe a two-site immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin (TSH) in serum, based on use of two monoclonal antibodies directed against two separate antigenic determinants on the TSH molecule. One antibody is immobilized on polystyrene beads; the other is radioiodinated by a modified Chloramine T method. The detection limit of the assay is 0.02 milli-int. unit/L. The working range (CV less than 10%) is from 0.1 to greater than 50 milli-int. units/L. The log mean concentration of TSH in sera collected from 100 euthyroid subjects between 08:00 and 11:00 hours was 1.9 milli-int. units/L, the range 0.4-5.4 milli-int. units/L. Values for hyperthyroid patients and thyroid-cancer patients being treated with thyroxin were much lower than those for euthyroid persons. Results by this new assay correlated excellently with those by our conventional radioimmunoassay (r = 0.99) and also with a sensitive immunofluorometric TSH method (Delfia TSH) (r = 0.99).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine as measured by equilibrium dialysis and analog radioimmunoassay in serum of patients taking phenytoin and carbamazepine.

We measured free thyroxin (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in serum of patients taking the anti-epileptic drugs phenytoin and carbamazepine, both by equilibrium dialysis procedures and analog-type radioimmunoassays. By either assay, the mean concentration of FT4 was significantly decreased in patients receiving either drug, whereas their FT3 concentrations were normal or only slightly decreased. Adding therapeutic concentrations of these drugs in vitro to control sera had a small or no incremental effect on FT4 and FT3 as measured by either method, but adding greater concentrations of the drugs in vitro markedly increased the concentrations of the free hormones. These results indicate that the main mechanism of the decrease in concentrations of free thyroid hormones in serum during therapy with anticonvulsant drugs is not the displacement of hormones from their binding to plasma proteins. We also determined, using a new and sensitive immunoradiometric assay, that patients taking carbamazepine, but not those taking phenytoin, had significantly less thyrotropin in the serum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Discrepancies between serum free triiodothyronine and free thyroxin as measured by equilibrium dialysis and analog radioimmunoassay in nonthyroidal illnesses.

We determined free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxin (FT4) in serum of patients with various nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI), by both commercial analog-type radioimmunoassays (A) and new equilibrium dialysis procedures (D). The mean FT3 was significantly lower in NTI by both techniques, but the decreases were of different magnitudes. The FT3(D):FT3(A) ratio was 1.96, vs 1.11 for healthy controls. In NTI the mean FT4(D) was somewhat increased, whereas the mean FT4(A) was much lower than normal, the above ratio being 1.70, vs 0.92 for controls. We ascribe these discrepancies, at least in part, to binding of radiolabeled T3- and T4-analog tracers to serum albumin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Plasma conjugated cholic acid in premature and term newborns and young infants.

Bile acid handling by neonates, both premature (Group I, mean gestational age 34.3 weeks; Group II, 36.6 weeks) and full-term (Group III, 40.2 weeks) and by 3-month-old infants (Group IV) was assessed by measuring plasma concentrations of conjugated cholic acid (CCA) before and at successive intervals after feeds. The prefeeding CCA concentrations were highest in Group I (log mean 8.2; range 1.8--28.6 mumol/l) and lower in Groups II (7.5; 2.6--22.4 mumol/l), III (5.1; 2.1--11.1 mumol/L), and IV (2.2; 0.5--6.1 mumol/l). The mean postprandial increments correlated with maturity: the rises for Groups I--IV were 3.7, 4.3, 1.0 and 0.7 mumol/l, respectively. Peak values were consistently reached at 30 min after the start of the feed, i.e. strikingly earlier than in older children and adults. After the peaks the return to prefeeding levels occurred rapidly in Groups II--Iv but more slowly in the most premature infants (Group I). The rapid postprandial rise may be due to many factors, e.g., passive jejunal absorption, immature hepatic clearing mechanisms, or rapid transit of bile acids to the ileum. Hence, measurements of postprandial plasma bile acids would appear ill-suited for detection of disturbed ileal function in young infants. The high concentrations in healthy newborns suggest that caution is necessary in interpreting plasma bile acid concentrations during the first few weeks of life, especially in premature infants.

Cholic Acids↗