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S Tilikete

Publications and source records attributed to S Tilikete.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Changes in cigarette smoking and coffee drinking after alcohol detoxification in alcoholics.

AIMS: To assess the changes in cigarette smoking and coffee drinking after alcohol detoxification in alcoholics. DESIGN: Evaluation at admission and an average 16 days following discharge. SETTING: Alcohol detoxification inpatient programme. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-three alcohol dependent (DSM-III-R) inpatients. MEASUREMENTS: Average number of cigarettes and of cups of coffee per day; urine cotinine level. Smokers were classified as moderate on the basis of consuming fewer than 30 cigarettes per day at the time of admission; heavy smokers were those who smoked 30 cigarettes per day or more. FINDINGS: As a group, the smokers (N = 58) did not significantly change their cigarette consumption and there was no change in urine cotinine level. Heavy smokers (N = 34), however, significantly decreased their cigarette consumption, but urine cotinine was unchanged. Moderate smokers (N = 24) significantly increased their cigarette consumption but urine cotinine was not significantly changed. All patients--non-smokers, moderate and heavy smokers--significantly increased their coffee intake. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that heavy smokers may react to alcohol cues and thus reduce smoking activity when sober. Moderate smokers may increase their smoking rate to cope with alcohol abstinence. These changes appear only to reflect a behavioural adjustment, without modification of patients' nicotine-seeking. Alcoholics may increase their coffee intake to cope with alcohol abstinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Joint influence of alcohol, tobacco, and coffee on biological markers of heavy drinking in alcoholics.

BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreases with coffee intake. The aim of this study was to examine the joint influence of alcohol, tobacco, cotinine, coffee, and caffeine on biological markers of heavy drinking in an alcoholic population. METHODS: Subjects were 160 alcohol-dependent inpatients. Biological assessments, performed at admission, were plasma levels of GGT, apolipoprotein AI, aspartate aminotransferase, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and urine cotinine and caffeine indexes. Years of alcohol abuse and of smoking, alcohol and coffee intake, and smoking rate were estimated in a semistructured interview, and Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire was completed by inpatients. RESULTS: Coffee intake, but not caffeine, correlated negatively with biological markers of heavy drinking, after controlling for alcohol and tobacco intake. Years of smoking correlated positively to MCV, after controlling for alcohol and coffee intake. CONCLUSIONS: Concerning the effect of coffee, the most likely hypothesis is that noncaffeine coffee fractions have a protective effect on liver cells. Concerning the effect of smoking, one can propose that the increase of MCV with smoking could be a consequence of carbon monoxide inhalation, leading to hypoxemia, or of folate deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Depression and smoking].

Lifetime history of major depressive disorder is more than double in ever smokers than in never smokers. Conversely, adjusted odds ratios of nicotine dependence are significantly elevated for major depressive disorder alone (3,11) or associated with an anxiety disorder (4,38). There is also a significant relationship between depressive symptoms' severity (CES-D) and ever smoking. A history of major depressive disorder is associated with a lower chance to quit smoking. One of the reasons is that smokers who try to quit smoking experience more withdrawal symptoms--including a depressive mood--and relapse more frequently if they have a history of major depressive disorder. Few trials experimenting the usefulness of antidepressants in smoking cessation were published. Only a limited trial concerning doxepin showed a significant action on withdrawal symptoms and abstinence rate at 4 weeks. Other trials with fluoxetine and moclobemide failed to show clearly a significant effect on abstinence rate, perhaps because the medication was initiated too soon before quit day. The nature of the association between smoking and depression has been explored in recent studies, which used a cohort follow-up or the evaluation of a female twin population. The conclusions were that there is probably no causal relationship but rather that the association arises largely from common familial factors that are probably genetic, at least in women. Concurrently, tobacco smoke has monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties, and smokers have lower monoamine oxidase activity than no smokers. Hence, it is possible that smoking has antidepressant properties. While smoking prevalence regularly decreases, one can assume that the relative risk of depressive disorder will increase in smokers.

Antidepressive Agents↗