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Biomedical subjects

S Tobin

Publications and source records attributed to S Tobin.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Thyroiditis in the BB rat is associated with lymphopenia but occurs independently of diabetes.

The spontaneously diabetic BB rat is an excellent and well studied model for human insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), sharing many important features with the human disease. Similarities include an equal frequency of IDDM in males and females, production of antibodies against pancreatic cell antigens, and an MHC disease association. In addition, the BB rat shares with human IDDM patients an increased frequency of autoantibodies against the parietal cells of the stomach and colloid cells of the thyroid gland. Here we investigate the genetic basis of thyroiditis in the BB rat. Based on crosses between BB, Lewis and Fischer rats, we show that two susceptibility factors for diabetes--the lymphopenia trait present in diabetes prone BB rats and the MHC--also appear to be risk factors for thyroiditis. However, the nature of the susceptibility was different for the two autoimmune diseases, with lymphopenia being absolutely required for diabetes although it only conferred increased risk for thyroiditis. Also, in contrast to IDDM, the MHC conferred dominant susceptibility to thyroiditis. Despite these shared risk factors, diabetes per se did not show significant correlation with thyroiditis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Predicting surgical compliance in a cohort of women with trichiasis.

Trichiasis/Entropion are the severe consequences of chronic trachoma during early life. Blindness and vision loss is preventable with timely lid surgery to correct trichiasis. In a trachoma hyperendemic region of Central Tanzania, a two year follow-up survey was conducted among 205 women with trichiasis to determine the proportion who had had surgery and the barriers to having surgery. Only 18% of the women had undergone surgery by the 2 year follow-up. Those who had surgery tended to report more eye problems at baseline and have more corneal opacities at baseline. Barriers preventing women from going to surgery were costs, problem of children left at home alone, and difficulties in identifying someone to accompany them to the health center. Over 2/3 of those who had surgery reported a significant decrease in pain, improvement of vision, and improved ability to carry out activities of daily life. Ways to improve compliance with recommendations for trichiasis surgery need to be developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Homeopathy.

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Animals↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of pathogenic bacteria in raw milk in Ireland.

Raw milk from 70 farms was sampled over 13 months for salmonellas, listerias, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and mastitic streptococci; total bacterial counts (TBC), coliforms and somatic cells were also counted. TBC < or = 30,000/ml were obtained in 63% of samples. High count milks were found mainly during the winter months: 13% of samples had > 10(4) mastitis pathogens/ml of milk. The mean somatic cell count varied from 4.0 x 10(5) to 8.0 x 10(5)/ml throughout the year with highest counts during the late lactation period. Coliforms were present in all samples, but 65-71% of samples had < 100 coliforms/ml. Up to 60% of supplies had < or = 10 E. coli/ml. One of the 589 samples tested (0.1%) was positive for salmonellas. Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like organisms were isolated from 39% of samples with up to 68% of samples positive at some sampling periods. A total of 222 strains of yersinias were isolated; Y. enterocolitica (59%) was the most common strain followed by Y. fredriksenii (35%), Y. kristensenii (1.0%), Y. intermedia (4.5%) and Y. aldovae (0.5%). Listerias were isolated from 8.3% of samples tested; 4.9% were Listeria monocytogenes and 3.4% were L. innocua. There was a significant rise in the isolation rate between December and April from a base line of 0-5% during the spring and summer to 35-37% during the winter months while the cows were indoors. Of 66 silage samples tested from the farms involved in the survey 9% of samples were positive for listerias; 3% of these were L. monocytogenes and 6% were L. innocua.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The prevalence of trachoma in preschool and school children in Olimpia, Guaraci and Cajobi, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

A school-based prevalence survey of trachoma was conducted in three rural municipalities in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1989. A total of 950 children aged 4-11 years were examined. The prevalence of inflammatory trachoma was found to be 6.3%, peaking at 24.1% in the 4 year-old age group. The prevalence of trachomatous scarring was 2.7% and was more prevalent in older children. Risk factors included household sleeping arrangements and nasal discharge.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

How reliable are commercial allergy tests?

The ability to diagnose allergic disease was studied in 9 fish-allergic and 9 control subjects, who provided specimens of blood and hair for testing. All fish-allergic subjects had previously been shown at Guy's Hospital to have a positive skin prick test to fish. The specimens were submitted as coded, duplicate samples to five laboratories which all offer a commercial service in carrying out diagnostic tests for allergy. All five laboratories were not only unable to diagnose fish allergy but also reported many allergies in apparently non-allergic subjects and provided inconsistent results on duplicate samples from the same subject.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A chicken leukocyte common antigen: biochemical characterization and ontogenetic study.

A monoclonal antibody, designated CL-1, was produced by immunizing mice with chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and selected in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. CL-1 characterizes a cell surface antigen expressed on all chicken hemopoietic cells except mature erythrocytes. Cells stained by CL-1 were detected at early stages of embryonic development in the various hemopoietic compartments. CL-1 reacts with two chicken PBL proteins of 200 kDa and 215 kDa which are probably the homologues of the T-200 and B-220 antigens previously described in the mouse. Moreover, CL-1 does not react with quail hemopoietic tissues and can be useful in experiments using quail-chick chimeras to study the ontogeny of the hemopoietic system.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Breastfeeding.

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Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric emergency review: a "hands-on" approach.

A "hands-on" approach to pediatric emergency review was developed to improve retention of psychomotor skills and instill critical thinking for pediatric nurses in anticipation of pediatric emergency situations.

Clinical Competence↗