Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Togo.
We performed thoracoscopic lung resection seven times in four patients with lung metastases from colorectal cancer. This procedure allowed a short operation time, minimal blood loss, and a short hospital stay. Thoracoscopic lung resection was chosen for resection of lung metastases from colorectal cancer because it allowed simultaneous bilateral lung resection and early postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
In order to further understand the role of the host organ in tumor progression, we have transplanted into nude mice histologically intact human colon cancer tissue on the serosal layers of the stomach (heterotopic site) and the serosal layers of the colon (orthotopic site). Xenograft lines Co-3, which is well differentiated, and poorly differentiated COL-3-JCK were used for transplantation. After orthotopic transplantation of the human colon tumors on the nude mouse colon, the growing colon tumor resulted in macroscopically extensive invasive local growth in 4 of 10 mice, serosal spreading in 9 of 10 mice, musclaris propria invasion in 1 of 10 mice, submucosal invasion in 3 of 10 mice, mucosal invasion in 3 of 10 mice, lymphatic duct invasion in 4 of 10 mice, regional lymph node metastasis in 4 of 10 mice, and liver metastasis in 1 of 10 mice. In striking contrast, after heterotopic transplantation of the human colon tumor on the nude mouse stomach, a large growing tumor resulted but with only limited invasive growth and without serosal spreading, lymphatic duct invasion, or regional lymph node metastasis. It has become clear from these studies that the orthotopic site, in particular the serosal and subserosal transplant surface, is critical to the growth, spread, and invasive and metastatic capability of the implanted colon tumor in nude mice. These studies suggest that the original host organ plays the same critical role in tumor progression.
We studied the serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in 44 patients with sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's dementia and 43 patients with vascular dementia. The levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were lower in both patient groups than in a control group. Apolipoprotein A I and A II levels have decreased in both the patient groups, especially in the vascular dementia group. The HDL-cholesterol levels correlated positively with the level of apolipoprotein A I, but not with the level of apolipoprotein A II. The ratios of apolipoprotein A I/A II have increased in both the patient groups. The apolipoprotein A II levels have disproportionally decreased in the patient groups. The serum apolipoprotein A II may involve the pathological process in the patients with senile dementia.
To investigate the effect of intra-arterial injection of mitoxantrone emulsified with ethiodized oil, forty-eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated. After the treatment, ten of the patients underwent hepatectomy. In the thirty-eight unresected cases, there were 15 (39%) partial responses, which continued 1.2 to 11.8 months (mean, 5.8 months). The 1- and 2- year survival rates were 67% and 38%, respectively. The response rate was higher in cases with tumor under 5 cm in diameter. In the remaining 10 resected cases, the necrotic areas in main nodules ranged from 65% to 100% (mean, 85%). This treatment might be applied effectively to patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma.
The proportion of T-lymphocyte subsets of the regional lymph node lymphocytes of 36 gastric cancer patients was analysed using single and two color flow cytometry technique. The antibodies against human T-lymphocyte were anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4 X Leu8, CD4 X 4B4 and CD8 X CD11. The results were as follows. 1) Using single color analysis, the proportion of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in the metastatic lymph node was decreased and that of CD8+ cells was not changed compared with the non-metastatic lymph node. Therefore, the ratio of CD4 to CD8 was reduced. Using two color analysis, proportion of CD4+ Leu8- cells and CD4+ 4B4- cells was reduced. On the contrary, that of CD8+ CD11+ cells was increased in the metastatic lymph node compared with the non-metastatic lymph node. 2) The proportion of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+ 4B4- cells was decreased in the non-metastatic lymph node of patients with lymph node metastasis compared with that of patients without lymph node metastasis. 3) The proportion of T-lymphocyte subsets was not changed in the metastatic lymph node, whether the volume including cancer cell is much or not. These results suggest that the metastatic lymph node was less defensive against lymph node metastasis in the gastric cancer.
The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is commonly observed in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. We report here a rare case of SIADH induced by rectal cancer. Laboratory findings showed that the serum sodium concentration and serum osmolarity were low, and that the ADH level was high. Resection of the rectal cancer resulted in a complete correction of the associated inappropriate ADH. The titer of the rectal cancer tissue proved to be high (80 pg/g).
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The anticancer agent, Nimustine, which is a derivative of Nimustine hydrochloride (Sankyo CC, Ltd), was suspended in an oil, Lipiodol, using an ultrasonic suspender and used in experimental animals and human subjects with malignant tumor. The use of Lipiodol facilitates the fluoroscopic demonstration of the site into which the suspension has been injected. The Nimustine-Lipiodol suspension was almost stable in room air over 7 days and diffusion of suspended Nimustine into saline in vitro was still noted 4 weeks later. Remarkable regression of tumor size was observed when the Nimustine-Lipiodol suspension was locally injected into the lesion of Lewis lung cancer subcutaneously inoculated into mice. Moreover, a marked regression of tumor size and improvement of CEA level in serum were also obtained when arterial injection of the Nimustine-Lipiodol suspension was carried out in patients with metastatic liver cancer. Therefore, local or arterial injection of Nimustine-Lipiodol suspension is considered to be effective as a method of cancer targeting therapy.
Immunoelectron microscopy was utilized to detect type V collagen in human amnion. Monospecific antibodies to type V collagen were detected with protein A-gold conjugates in tissue sections and epoxy-embedded sections of human amnion. Type V collagen was localized to the immediate vicinity of the basal lamina, but was distinct from laminin and type IV collagen, which localized only to the lamina lucida and lamina densa, respectively, of the basal lamina. At high magnification, 12 nm unbanded fibrils were seen to be labelled by anti-type V collagen antibody; these fibrils extended from the lamina densa of the basal lamina well into the interstitial matrix. In comparison, only the amorphous matrix of the lamina densa showed labelling with anti-type IV collagen antibodies. Anti-laminin antibodies labelled the lamina lucida. Quantitative analysis of grain distribution revealed the laminin labelling to be centered over the distal half of the lamina lucida (mean distance from the cell surface = 70 nm). In contrast, type IV collagen was centered over the lamina densa (mean = 115 nm). Both distributions were essentially Gaussian and distinct from the broad distribution of type V collagen. Type I collagen fibers with characteristic 67 nm periodicity were unlabelled with antibodies to type V collagen, although labelled type V fibrils were frequently enmeshed among the type I fibers. Antibodies to type I collagen labelled these fibers but not the type V fibrils. The results indicate that in human amnion, type V collagen is a 12 nm diameter, unbanded fibril which extends from the lamina densa of the basal lamina into the adjacent interstitial matrix. We hypothesize that type V collagen functions as a network of anchoring fibrils between the cell basal lamina and the extracellular matrix, especially type I collagen fibres. Type V collagen thus appears to be a unique interstitial collagen.
This report covered the pathologic features, behavior, metastases, and results of transplantation of pure yolk sac carcinomas that were primary in the uterine horn of 8 mice; 6 mice were strain C3H and 2 were strain HR, and they varied from 10 to 23 months of age. Three of the mice had never been treated. Of the 5 that had, the treatment was different for each mouse. Therefore, treatment could not be correlated with tumor development. At least 5 mice were nulliparous; in fact they had never been mated, so in these some mechanism involving parthenogenesis must have been operative to account for the tumor. The tumors were identified as being primary in the uterus and occupied and distended the cavity of one uterine horn where they were polypoid or plaquelike. The neoplastic yolk cells replaced the endometrial stroma forming a support for the original endometrial glands. In time the tumor cells destroyed many of the endometrial glands. That the glands present in the primary uterine horn tumors were the original glands of the endometrium and not neoplastic glands was attested by their absence from the secondary neoplastic deposits in 4 mice in which the tumor had spread to areas outside the cavity of the uterus and from the neoplastic tissue of the tumor transplants in the recipient mice.
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A new method has been developed for identifying blood vessel capillaries and distinguishing them from lymphatic capillaries. Highly purified antibodies to two ubiquitous components of basement membrane--Type IV collagen and laminin--were applied to fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed tissue sections rich in blood vessel capillaries (granulation tissue), rich in lymphatic channels (small intestine and mesentery), and rich in both (skin, lung, and breast). Staining patterns were evaluated using standard immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Blood vessel capillaries contained intact basement membranes with linear staining for both Type IV collagen and laminin. Lymphatic capillaries, in contrast, uniformly lacked immunoreactivity with antibodies to these basement membrane components. These lymphatic capillaries, which were indistinguishable from blood vessel capillaries in both size (cross-sectional area) and shape (vessel eccentricity), were confirmed as lymphatics by dye injection studies. Our immunohistological technique detected 7-10 times more blood vessels than hematoxylin and eosin staining. Both benign and vessels than hematoxylin and eosin staining. Both benign and malignant tumors of blood vessel endothelium including two capillary hemangiomas and two angiosarcomas demonstrated extracellular linear staining for both Type IV collagen and laminin, whereas two lymphangiomas and two lymphangiectasias were negative. This method then provides a sensitive technique for detecting blood vessel capillaries in tissue sections and a reliable means of distinguishing blood vessel capillaries from lymphatic capillaries. This method may also aid in the identification of tumors whose origin is blood vessel endothelium.
A 22-year-old male who had been receiving insulin therapy to treat uncontrollable hyperglycemia, was diagnosed to have a carcinoid in the lower rectum. The excised tumor was 1.5 cm in diameter, and showed a yellowish-white cut surface. It did not invade into the proper muscle. Numerous glucagon immunoreactive cells were found. The tumor cells contained many rounded neurosecretory granules. After tumor excision, the patient's hyperglycemia did not return in the absence of insulin administration. We suggest that the tumor may have secreted glucagon which may have acted as an antagonist against insulin in the circulation.
Surgical materials of gastric carcinoma were studied immunohistochemically in terms of the distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells and the localization of secretory component (SC). There was no convincing evidence suggesting that the secretory immune system surrounding carcinoma was responding to the carcinoma. But in some cases, increase of IgG-containing cells was observed in the stroma of carcinoma suggesting the presence of some kind of tumor immunity. In the non-carcinomatous mucosa, SC was observed strongly in cells of intestinal metaplasia except for the goblet cells, but weakly in the normal foveolar epithelium. The presence of SC in carcinoma cells was observed in 45 percent of the total cases of gastric carcinoma [36/80] and was especially prominent in signet-ring cell carcinoma [78%]. IgA was observed in about 50 percent of these SC-positive carcinoma cases. SC was also frequently positive in group III atypical epithelium.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been reported to augment oxygen delivery to ischemic tissues and improve the liver dysfunction in clinical cases. HBOT was performed after 90% hepatectomy in rats to determine its effect on the regeneration of remnant liver. METHODS: After 90% hepatectomy was performed in 8-week-old male Wistar rats, the animals were subdivided into an HBOT (2 atm abs., 80% O2, 1 h/day, 3 days) group and a non-HBOT group. Members of both groups were sacrificed, usually every 4 h until a maximum of 50 h after hepatectomy, and the liver regeneration rate, the proportion of PCNA-positive cells and the ATP volume in the remnant tissues were examined. RESULTS: In the HBOT group, the liver regeneration rate at 36 h and 50 h after operation and the proportion of PCNA positive cells at 8 h was significantly increased compared with the non-HBOT group. The ATP volume in the remnant livers in the HBOT group was also significantly increased at 12 h. CONCLUSION: HBOT augmented liver regeneration after hepatectomy by stabilization of energy metabolism induced by oxygen delivery in rats.
Serum lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and sterol profiles were studied in 22 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and 29 patients with vascular dementia (VD). Levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in both patients groups of SDAT and VD than in control group. Apolipoprotein AI and AII are two major proteins in HDL. In this study, apolipoprotein AI levels were normal, but apolipoprotein AII levels were lower in the patient groups, especially in the VD group, than in the control group. Lipoprotein(a) levels were higher in both patient groups, especially in the VD group. There were no differences of cholesterol, cholesterol precursors (desmosterol and lathosterol), and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) among the three groups. Murine apolipoprotein AII is a serum precursor of murine senile amyloid protein, and the apolipoprotein AII variant with proline-->glutamine substitution at position 5 in the serum of accelerated senescence-prone mice is identical to the murine senile amyloid fibril protein from amyloid-deposited tissues of these mice. In human SDAT and VD, the reason for the low level of apolipoprotein AII remains unclear.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the potential of sialyl Lewis X (SLX) expression for predicting residual liver recurrence, we examined the vascular permeating lesions surrounding the metastatic liver tumors for SLX as a marker of residual liver recurrence. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-eight cases of metastatic liver tumors of colorectal cancers were examined using SLX monoclonal antibody for SLX expression in surrounding vascular permeating lesions. RESULTS: The cumulative residual liver recurrence rate in cases positive for SLX (SLX(+)) expression in the vascular permeating lesions surrounding the metastatic liver tumor was significantly higher than in the negative cases (p < 0.05). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed that SLX positivity in the lesions surrounding the metastatic liver tumor was an important discriminant for residual liver recurrence (p = 0.0197). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that SLX expression in vascular permeating lesions surrounding the metastatic liver tumor is a predictive factor for residual liver recurrence.