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Biomedical subjects

S Tohno

Publications and source records attributed to S Tohno.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Accumulation of platinum in the intervertebral discs and vertebrae of ovarian tumor-bearing patients treated with cisplatin.

Platinum was determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the intervertebral discs and vertebrae of ovarian tumor bearing patients treated with cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (II) (cisplatin). Platinum was 0.05 ng/mL at the absolute detection limit, and platinum was undetectable in the intervertebral discs and vertebrae of human specimens without cisplatin treatments. On the other hand, platinum was detected in the intervertebral discs and vertebrae of patients administered cisplatin, and platinum concentration was at levels of 1.06-10.31 micrograms/g dry tissue in the intervertebral discs and 0.60-1.28 micrograms/g dry tissue in the vertebrae, respectively. The platinum level of intervertebral discs was 4.3-fold higher than that of the vertebrae. Thus, platinum accumulates greatly in the intervertebral discs and somewhat in the vertebrae after administering cisplatin to patients for therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Gradient of mineral contents of vertebral column with special reference to intervertebral discs.

To study quantitatively the mineral elements in the vertebral column, we examined the vertebrae and intervertebral discs resected from three normal cadavers which died at middle age, by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The relative contents of calcium, phosphorus, and sodium in vertebrae were high in the order from cervical to lumbar vertebrae. The ratios of calcium per phosphorus were 1.80 +/- 0.25 in cervical vertebrae, 1.59 +/- 0.22 in thoracic vertebrae, and 1.23 +/- 0.24 in lumbar vertebrae. The ratio of cervical vertebrae was the highest among them. In regard to intervertebral discs, both the relative contents of calcium and phosphorus were very much higher in the intervertebral discs between the 4th and 8th thoracic vertebrae than the others.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1993

Anomaly of bilateral persistent sciatic arteries.

A pair of persistent sciatic arteries was encountered in the body of a 91-year-old Japanese woman in the course of an ordinary dissection at Nara Medical University. The artery of each side followed nearly the same course in the posterior aspect of the thigh; after leaving the pelvis through the infrapiriform foramen, the persistent sciatic artery was observed descending between the tibial and common peroneal nerves, accompanied by the sciatic vein. In the popliteal fossa, the persistent sciatic artery ended by joining the popliteal artery. The sciatic nerves on both sides were found to have divided, while in the pelvis, into the tibial and the common peroneal nerves; the former passed through the infrapiriform foramen, while the latter perforated the piriformis muscle to reach the posterior aspect of the upper thigh.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A possible association of nuclear lamina with chromatin.

The nuclear lamina associated with chromatin was examined by electron microscopy. Nuclei isolated from rat ascites hepatoma cells were swollen in 0.2 mM EDTA (pH 7.0) and broken by a homogenizer. The resulting nuclear fragments were dialyzed against 0.2 mM EDTA (pH 7.0) overnight, fixed in formalin and sedimented on grids by centrifugation, then stained with 2% uranyl acetate and rotary-shadowed with platinum-palladium. The nuclear lamina consists of two filaments, twisting together both the filaments associated with chromatin fiber. The single filament of nuclear lamina of about 31 nm in width forms certain rings of about 187 nm in diameter, taking a distance of about 0.37 micron in length between the neighbouring rings. Thus, the arrangement of rings was proposed a packing structure in conforming the nuclear laminar complex with chromatin.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Deduction of DNA from artificial aggregates of erythrocyte nucleosomes.

The nucleosomal aggregates were obtained by micrococcal nuclease treatment to chicken erythrocyte nuclei. There still leaves a bulk of nucleosomes. We used two different DNA assay methods to determine DNA in in situ nucleosomes; the Feulgen DNA assay which shows a positive apurinic acid, and the fluorometry with Hoechst 33258 which reveals only intact AT base pairs. On applying those methods to the aggregates, even in a short digestion, Feulgen DNA remains only about 1/4 of the non-digested nuclei and the fluoroassay leaves only a trace amount of AT base pairs. Thus, the nucleosomes derived from the heterochromatin of erythrocytes are not preserved as the residual DNA of Feulgen hydrolysis. This also suggests that the bulk of nucleosomal DNA is masked and sensitive to neither the Feulgen assay nor the fluorometry of AT base pairs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of the thyroidea ima artery arising from the aortic arch].

The present report describes a case of the thyroidea ima artery observed in a 65-year-old Japanese male on dissection in 1988. The thyroidea ima artery arose from the aortic arch between the branchiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery. The thyroidea ima passed to the left lobe and isthmus of the thyroid gland for the supply of these. The inferior thyroid artery on the right side was of common type in its origin and course, though that on the left side was absent. Either of the superior thyroid arteries arose from the common carotid artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Electron microscopic studies on chromatin loop of rat ascites hepatoma cells.

Isolated nuclei from rat ascites hepatoma cells were treated with 0.09% detergent Joy and chromatin, protruded from the nucleus, was observed with an electron microscope. It was demonstrated that most, but not all of the protruded chromatin fibers had a loop structure. The protrusion of chromatin from the nucleus was 3 microns in average length. A high magnification view showed that the protruded chromatin consisted mainly of beaded nucleosomal fiber. Therefore, the chromatin loop size at the level of nucleosomal fiber was estimated to be at least 6 microns in length.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Osteoarthritis of the alanto-axial joint.

Thirty-one patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the atlanto-axial joint are described, suggesting that this disease is not particularly uncommon. The most characteristic radiological signs are narrowing of the joint space from loss of articular cartilage, marginal cortical thickening and osteophyte formation. Histological examination in the cadaver has shown thinning and fibrillation of articular cartilage and intra-cartilaginous ossification. The radiological appearances of the atlanto-axial joint are classified in three types, lateral atlanto-axial, atlanto-odontoid and mixed. Peak age distribution occurs between 50 and 69 years of age. Patients complain of occipital pain, a stiff shoulder and paraesthesia of the fingers. Treatment was conservative in all cases except one, a 63-year-old woman with severe occipital pain. A transoral atlanto-axial fusion was performed in this case with marked improvement. The transoral approach allows fixation and curettage of the degenerative lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age-dependent changes of mineral contents in men and women's calcanei.

To elucidate age-related change of mineral contents in human bones, the mineral content and density of human calcanei were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Calcanei were removed from 27 subjects (17 men and 10 women) who died in the age range from 40-98 yr old. Both the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry indicated that there were age-dependent decreases of the mineral contents and density in the men's calcaneus in the age range from 40-98 yr, but not in the women's calcaneus in the age range from 42-87 yr. It was also found that the calcanean masses of the men and women remained constant within the same age range until 98 yr.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age-dependent aluminum accumulation in the human aorta and cerebral artery.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of aluminum (Al) accumulation in the human aorta and cerebral arteries. The Al contents in the aortae and in the cerebral arteries from 23 human subjects was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-AES). The subjects' age range was 45-99-yr-old; 15 of the subjects were males and 8 were females. Al was detected in twelve aortae and in six cerebral arteries, when the entire specimen was analyzed. Two specimens where Al was found in the cerebral arteries contained no Al in the aorta. No relationship to the subject's sex was found. When related to age, two groups were established. Group L (45-75 yr old) and group H (> 75 yr old), which exhibited aortal Al concentrations of 33.3 and 72.7%, respectively. When the aortic wall was dissected into the tunica intima, media, and adventitia, Al was found mainly in the tunica media. In the aorta, significant relationships were found between Al and phosphorus (P) levels (r = 0.801, p < 0.01) and between Al and calcium (Ca) (r = 0.661, p < 0.05). We have concluded that Al accumulation is age-dependent and that it occurs both in the aorta and in the cerebral artery. In the aorta, accumulation occurs mainly in the tunica media. Both P and Ca appear to enhance aortal Al accumulation.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A high accumulation of minerals in human internal jugular vein.

To elucidate age-related changes of mineral contents in human veins, the relative contents (RCs) of elements in the human internal jugular veins, superior and inferior venae cavae, and femoral veins from 27 subjects ranging from 40 to 98 yr old were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The average RCs of calcium in the 27 specimens were the highest in the internal jugular vein, followed in descending order by the superior vena cava, femoral vein, and inferior vena cava. The RCs of calcium and phosphorus in the internal jugular veins started to increase after the age of 50 yr, became the highest in subjects in their 60s and thereafter decreased gradually. It is noted that such accumulations of minerals, similar to the internal jugular vein, were also found in the veins, such as the superior and inferior venae cavae, and femoral vein. Accumulation of minerals in the veins is different from that of arteries, which increase progressively by aging, but do not decrease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue platinum after clinical treatment with cisplatin or carboplatin in tumor-bearing patients.

Tissue platinum (Pt) levels were measured in tumor-bearing patients treated with either cisplatin or carboplatin. Cisplatin was given by intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, and intravenous (iv) administrations. After death, vertebrae and intervertebral disks were removed from eight human subjects, and livers and kidneys were removed from the half of them. When cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally, Pt of the liver was higher than that of the kidney, and a high content of Pt was detected in the vertebra by comparing with the other administration methods. At the intra-arterial administration of cisplatin, Pt was mainly accumulated in the kidney. At the iv administration of cisplatin, a high level of Pt was found in the vertebra and intervertebral disk, especially at the highest value at 10.31 micrograms/g in the intervertebral disk of one case, whereas a low level of Pt was detected in the liver. On the contrary, it was found that the iv administration of carboplatin did not result in high accumulations of Pt in the liver, kidney, intervertebral disk, and vertebra. Therefore, Pt is accumulated in different organs, depending on the way cisplatin is administered, but Pt is accumulated least in them by the administration of carboplatin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chromatin fiber loops protruded artificially from nuclei of rat ascites hepatoma cells.

To determine the size and location of supranucleosomal fibers, the isolated and swollen nuclei from rat ascites hepatoma cells were broken mechanically by a homogenizer, and the broken nuclei were observed with an electron microscope, with and without treatment with detergent Joy. The observation of the broken nuclei treated with 0.06% Joy demonstrated that most, but not all the protruded chromatin, had a loop structure. Protrusion of chromatin from nuclear fragments was estimated to be about 0.77 microns in length. The conformation of protruded chromatin mainly consisted of supranucleosomal fiber, and a little of nucleosomal fiber. Electron microscopy also indicated that an anchorage of chromatin was nuclear lamina. Therefore, chromatin loop size of supranucleosomal fiber (solenoid) was about 1.54 microns in length, corresponding to nucleosomal fiber of about 9.24 microns in length.

Animals↗