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S Tojo

Publications and source records attributed to S Tojo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin.

The asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin were released from the polypeptide moiety by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction. More than 90% of the released radioactive oligosaccharides contained N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. After removal of N-acetylneuraminic acid residues by sialidase treatment, two neutral oligosaccharide fractions were obtained by paper chromatography. Sequential exoglycosidase digestion revealed that one of them was a mixture of two neutral oligosaccharides. The complete structures of the three oligosaccharides were elucidated by methylation analysis. It was confirmed that all the N-acetylneuraminic acid residues of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin occur as NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal groupings by comparing the methylation analysis data for the acidic oligosaccharide mixture before and after sialidase treatment. Based on these results, the structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin were confirmed to be +/- NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4(+/- Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6)GlcNAc and Man alpha 1 leads to 6(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3 Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc.

Asparagine↗
PubMed1978

Fat body protein granules and storage proteins in the silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia.

Fat body cells of silkmoth pupae (Hyalophora cecropia ) contain granules, showing a less dense outer zone and a denser, often crystalline, inner portion appear after cocoon spinning and increase until the larval-pupal ecdysis; more granules are formed in females than in males. Urate granules, appearing fibrous in internal structure, first form about the same time, but their accumulation is more gradual, and continues in the pupa. Both types have been isolated by centrifugation. Protein granules dissolve in buffers to yield proteins 1 and 2, with distinct electrophoretic and antigenic properties. These proteins have been isolated individually from pupal fat body extracts by using their different thermal stabilities in phosphate buffer containing MgCl2 and (NH4)2SO4, respectively, and purification was completed by gel chromatography. Protein 1 has a molecular weight of 480,000 and a subunit of 85,000 daltons, while protein 2 gives values of 530,000 and 89,000, respectively. Their amino acid compositions are similar but distinct. Proteins 1 and 2 accumulate in the hemolymph, beginning 3 days before spinning, reach maximal levels at spinning, and then decline in the hemolymph while granules are formed in the fat body, although the total hemolymph protein concentration does not decline at this time. It is concluded that the fat body of the late, feeding larva synthesizes two related "storage proteins" and secretes them in partially crystalline granules as protein reserves for metamorphosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Dipyridamole therapy in the nephrotic syndrome.

Dipyridamole was used in 30 cases of nephrotic syndrome, mostly of intractable type. The results indicate that the drug therapy proved to be effective in decreasing urinary protein and controlling nephrotic condition in 40% of the cases after an initial period of treatment. Long-term results of the drug on urinary protein and on nephrotic condition were rated as good in 36.7 and 53.3%, respectively, of the cases treated. The exact mechanism of action of dipyridamole in the nephrotic syndrome is still obscure in many respects. However, the fact that the drug shares its anti-platelet action with the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g. aspirin and indomethacin, and the rapidity with which it produces its urinary protein-decreasing effect, strongly suggests that it inhibits the release of vasoactive amines and other chemical mediators from blood platelets. As far as the present study is concerned, adverse side effects of dipyridamole were few or minimal, even when the drug used in large doses over a prolonged period of time. From these results it is considered that dipyridamole provides a new remedy which is worthy of trying in nephrotic syndrome as a means of reducing the requirement of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ovarian follicular apparatus and hormonal parameters in patients with primary and secondary amenorrhea.

Correlation between ovarian follicular apparatus and hormonal parameters such as serum gonadotropin and urinary estrogen levels was investigated in patients with primary and secondary amenorrhea. Serum gonadotropin levels were elevated in amenorrheic patients without ovarian follicles or with follicles of low developmental stage and pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in these patients were marked compared with patients with follicles of high developmental stage or normal ovulating women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The 24-hour urinary excretion of total estrogens was low in patients without follicles or with follicles of low developmental stage and ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropins was quite low in comparison with patients with highly developed follicles or normal control subjects. Thus, serum gonadotropin and urinary estrogen measurements and LH-RH and gonadotropin loading tests are diagnostic of the presence or absence and the state of development of ovarian follicles in the diagnosis and treatment of primary and secondary amenorrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A study on the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on so-called cervical ripening.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) is now used for a dynamic test of placental function by many obstetricians. While practicing this test, the authors found that DHAS markedly promoted so-called "cervical ripening". To study this problem, DHAS of 50 or 100 mg in multiple doses were injected into 132 Japanese pregnant women in their 38th--42nd week of gestation. The change in Bishop score was carefully recorded. Bishop score in the injected groups of primiparae (100 mg) began to rise much sooner than the control groups (p less than 0.01 on seventh day and 14th day). However, such significant difference in the rise of Bishop score was not noted in the multiparae and primiparae with 50 mg. Although the rise of score is not significant, the duration (day) from injection to delivery was shorter in the injected group than the control group (t=2.1529, p less than 0.05 in primiparae with 50 mg, t=3.8829, p less than 0.01 with 100 mg, t=2.1029, p less than 0.05 in multiparae with 50 mg). In some of these cases, labor began or delivery was finished within 24 hrs. Among the factors of Bishop score, mainly the effacement, consistency and dilatation of the cervix were remarkably improved by DHAS injection (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.05). Side effects of any type were not seen in the mothers and foetuses. As a conclusion, DHAS injection in considered to produce favorable conditions for delivery in women with "unripe cervix" by softening the soft birth canal. Furthermore, it is suggested that DHAS might play an important role in triggering labor.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1977

Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen on follicle growth in rats.

The effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) on ovarian follicle growth was studied in hypophysectomized rats, using histologic, autoradiographic and histochemical techniques. The administration of FSH to immature hypophysectomized rats stimulated the follicle growth with thickening of the theca layer and repair of "deficiency cells". Although DES given to hypophysectomized rats also stimulated the follicle growth, the theca layer was relatively thin compared with that in FSH-treated rats. In order to detect cell division in a growing follicle, the number of labelled granulosa cells with tritiated thymidine as a proportion of the granulosa cells in a growing follicle were counted and the labelling indices of the granulosa cells were calculated. The labelling indices increased by the administration of FSH (p less than 0.05) or DES (p less than 0.05). The uptake of tritiated thymidine and leucine by the theca cells was enhanced only by FSH and was not stimulated by DES. The administration of FSH resulted in an increase of the histochemically demonstrable enzyme activity such as delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) or alkaline phosphatase in the theca cells. In contrast, the administration of DES did not stimulate the enzyme activity of the theca cells. Furthermore, FSH stimulated a release of estradiol and estriol from the ovary of hypophysectomized rat, whereas DES did not. Although ovarian follicle growth was stimulated by both FSH and DES, the effect of the two hormones on the theca cells was quite different and the secretion of estrogen was stimulated by FSH. The results suggest that FSH induced follicle growth of the ovary might be mediated by estrogen produced by the theca cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

A schematic approach to the work-up of amenorrhea.

Amenorrhea is a symptom having many possible causes. Since amenorrhea can result from disturbed function anywhere in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-uterine axis, a specific etiologic diagnosis must be made if treatment is to be effective. For this purpose, a diagnostic scheme for the differential diagnosis of the etiology of primary and secondary amenorrhea is proposed. This scheme includes a progestin test, a cyclic estrogen and progestin test, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) loading test, and a gonadotropin (human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin) loading test. A specific pattern of responses to LH-RH and gonadotropins exists in patients with hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian amenorrheas, respectively, and the character of the response may facilitate the etiologic diagnosis of amenorrhea. The clinical usefulness and/or value of the scheme in the diagnosis and treatment of amenorrheas is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Immunochemical characterization and quantitation of the human glomerular basement membrane antigen from the urine of patients with glomerular diseases.

A soluble glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen was detected in the urines of patients with various glomerular diseases including chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency, and lupus nephropathy. The urinary GBM antigen (u-GBM) was immunochemically distinct from other renal antigens and other serum components, but it was cross-reactive with trypsinized human GBM antigen (t-GBM). The molecular size of u-GBM was approximately the same as human serum albumin as estimated by elution patterns on Sephadex G-200. The concentration of u-GBM was estimated quantitatively by a single radial radioimmunodiffusion. Although differed from case to case, a rough correlation with the type and/or stage of nephrotic syndrom existed. It was also demonstrated that the amounts of u-GBM decreased in response to steroid therapy of nephrotic syndrome. It was further shown that in a case of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, anti-GBM antibody could be eluted from the kidney removed from the patient. These findings imply that the GBM antigen plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human renal diseases. The pathophysiological significance of urinary GBM excretion in renal diseases is also discussed here.

Antigens↗
PubMed1977

Alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in fluid of molar vesicles.

Sera and fluid in molar vesicles from 4 patients with hydatidiform mole were analyzed for hCG and its subunits. These samples were initially chromatographed through a standardized Sephadex G-100 upward column. Starting materials and each fraction on gel filtration were radioimmunoassay in homologous hCG, hCG-alpha and hCG-beta assays. The specimens obtained from 4 patients contained primarily hCG and little hCG-beta. Immunoreactive hCG-alpha was barely detectable in sera but was clearly demonstrated in vesicle fluid from molar patients. This immunoreactive hCG-alpha was combined with [125I]hCG-beta. The combined protein, [125I]hCG and [125I]hCG-beta recombined with urinary hCG-alpha were concentrated in the superovulated rat ovary in vivo. However, [125I]hCG-alpha and [125I]hCG-beta were not taken up by the ovaries. The biosynthesis of hCG-alpha are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Binding of LH and FSH to porcine granulosa cells during follicular maturation.

The uptake of 125I-labelled LH by equal numbers of granulosa cells from small, medium or large follicles was greater by cells from large follicles. In contrast, granulosa cells obtained from small follicles bound much more 125I-labelled FSH per cell than did cells obtained from medium and large follicles. Competition studies with unlabelled hormones indicated that porcine granulosa cells have specific receptors for LH and FSH. The addition of diethylstilboestrol enhanced the binding of 125I-labelled LH and inhibited the binding of 125I-labelled FSH to granulosa cells harvested from small and medium-sized follicles, but had no effect on those from large follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Renal tubular dysfunction in Minamata disease. Detection of renal tubular antigen and beta-2-microglobin in the urine.

"Minamata disease" was found among the residents along Minamata bay contaminated with the effluent from an industrial plant using mercury. The patients were suffering from various neurologic disorders primarily due to organic mercury poisoning. Evidence is described of renal tubular dysfunction associated with this disease by the immunochemical demonstration or renal tubular epithelial antigen and beta-2-microglobulin in the urine. Nineteen patients with Minamata disease and 35 diseased and healthy control subjects were examined. The contents of urinary renal tubular epithelial antigen and beta-2-microglobulin, and the ratios of these proteins to albumin in individuals with Minamata disease were significantly different from the levels in healthy control subjects (P less than 0.05) were identical to those found in patients with tubular and the values, proteinuria. These results indicate that Minamata disease is associated with renal tubular dysfunction, and also suggest that these procedures would be useful for screening the nephrotoxicity in the environmental exposure of heavy metals.

Adult↗