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S Traub

Publications and source records attributed to S Traub.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Mutual influences of health and poverty. Evidence from German panel data.

While a large body of literature is concerned with the interplay of health and poverty in developing countries, comparable studies for developed countries are rare. Using data drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), this paper investigates the relationships between changes in relative income poverty, income changes and health-related quality of life in Germany, i.e. in an environment with nominally equal access to medical care, education and social security. A fundamental five-dimensional health concept is introduced and tested for its empirical performance. The background of the causal analysis is formed by two hypotheses, one regarding low income as a possible cause for poor health (prevention hypothesis) and the other assuming the opposite causal direction (deprivation hypothesis). By means of a descriptive analysis and a structural equations model, the existence of a more complex relational web between health and poverty is demonstrated.

Germany↗
PubMed1995

Does physical activity improve sleep in impaired nursing home residents?

OBJECTIVES: To determine if two physical activity programs of varying intensity would result in improved sleep among incontinent and physically restrained nursing home residents. DESIGN: Controlled trials of two physical activity programs. SETTING: Seven community nursing homes in the Los Angeles area. PARTICIPANTS: Residents were included if they had urinary incontinence or were physically restrained. Sixty-five subjects were studied. Mean age was 84.8 years, 85% were female, mean length of residency in the nursing home was 19.9 months, and mean Mean Mini-Mental State Exam score was 13.1. INTERVENTION: The first physical activity program involved sit-to-stand repetitions and/or transferring and walking or wheelchair propulsion. These activities were performed every 2 hours during the daytime, 5 days per week for 9 weeks. The second, less frequent physical activity program involved rowing in a wheelchair-accessible rowing machine plus walking or wheelchair propulsion once per day three times per week for 9 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The physical function measures reported here include mobility endurance (maximum time walking or wheeling) and physical activity as measured by motion sensors (Caltrac). Nighttime sleep was estimated by wrist activity monitors. Nighttime sleep measures included total time asleep, percent sleep, average duration of sleep, and peak duration of sleep. Daytime sleep was measured by timed behavioral observations of sleep versus wakefulness performed every 15 minutes during the day. RESULTS: Nighttime sleep was markedly disrupted in both groups at baseline. Across all subjects at baseline, the average total sleep time was 6.2 hours and the percent sleep was 72.0%, but the average duration of sleep episodes was only 21.2 minutes and the peak duration of sleep episode averaged only 83.8 minutes. During the daytime, subjects were observed asleep during 14.5% of observations. Although there was improvement in mobility endurance in the intervention subjects compared with controls (MANOVA F = 4.36, P = .042), there were no differences in the night and day sleep measures at follow-up testing. Even among a subgroup of intervention subjects who showed a 30% or greater improvement in mobility endurance, sleep did not improve at follow-up compared with baseline. CONCLUSION: This study supports our previous findings of marked sleep disruption in impaired nursing home residents. In addition, despite documented improvements in physical function with activity, we did not find improvements in sleep in the intervention versus control groups. These results suggest that increasing daytime physical activity alone is not adequate to improve sleep in impaired NH residents. Future efforts to improve sleep in this population should take into account the multifactorial nature of sleep disruption, including individual health problems that effect sleep and the disruptive nature of the nighttime NH environment.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Clinical skills training of U.S. medical students.

BACKGROUND: Although there is general agreement that the teaching of clinical procedures needs vast improvement, little appears to have been done to achieve this goal, particularly with regard to medical students. METHOD: In the summer and fall of 1992, 60 U.S. medical schools participated in a telephone survey about how they taught clinical procedures to medical students. The schools were in 30 states and the District of Columbia; 36 were public and 24 were private. The schools were asked to describe what procedures were taught, how, and over what duration of time, with a focus on whether students were taught procedures prior to their clinical rotations. RESULTS: More than three-fourths of the schools (47 of 60) offered nothing other than an introduction to phlebotomy. Only four schools offered more extensive courses (40-50 hours) that covered a variety of topics. CONCLUSION: Few schools had adopted any formal method for training students to perform clinical procedures. In light of this problem, the authors describe a solution that has proven popular at the Stanford University School of Medicine--an elective course in surgical skills developed in 1988-89 and continuing to the present. Although the content of this particular course focuses on surgical procedures, important topics from other disciplines could easily be added or substituted. The course incorporates techniques that have previously been shown to be successful, such as the use of plastic models and cadavers. It also enables students to learn by performing procedures on each other, and to benefit from continuity of supervision by being taught by one faculty member.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plastic ware.

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Amino Acids↗