Rethinking partnerships.
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Community Participation↗
Biomedical subjects
S True
Publications and source records attributed to S True.
Independent effects of palatability and within-meal pauses on intake and appetite ratings in human volunteers.
The effects of the introduction of timed pauses within meals and palatability on food intake and changes in rated appetite during a meal were assessed in three experiments in which volunteers ate a lunch of pasta with a tomato sauce. Eating was monitored using a disguised electronic balance attached to a micro-computer, which also allowed the introduction of timed pauses within meals. In the first experiment, 16 subjects were tested with both a bland and palatable food (with 0.27% oregano), with eating uninterrupted or with pauses after every 50 g consumed during which appetite ratings were completed. Both the addition of oregano and the introduction of regular within-meal pauses enhanced overall intake. Rated hunger increased in the early stages of eating the palatable food in the interrupted condition, and then declined, whereas hunger declined throughout with the bland food. Similarly, the linear function relating intake to time in the uninterrupted condition was greater with the palatable food. In the second experiment, nine subjects ate the palatable food with no pauses within meals, with 30-second pauses with appetite ratings or with 30-second pauses in a non-appetite task. Intake was greater in both pause conditions than when eating was uninterrupted. In Experiment 3, the effect of pause duration was investigated in a further 16 subjects, with either no pause or a pause of 5, 30 or 60 seconds. Subjects ate more in all pause conditions than with no pauses, while ratings of hunger and fullness suggested that subjects were less satisfied at the end of the meal with longer pauses. These data confirm previous work which suggests that palatability exerts its effect by stimulating appetite and eating rate, but also suggest that the introduction of pauses within meals enhances intake as well, contradicting the idea that pausing within meals should reduce intake by allowing more time for post-ingestive satiety to develop.
Adolescent↗
Sex bias and the validity of believed differences between male and female interscholastic athletic coaches.
Previous research indicates that young athletes as well as athletic administrators hold gender-role stereotypical beliefs about coaches that disfavor females. The validity of two such beliefs (lack of qualified female coaches and time constraints due to family responsibilities) was examined in a statewide survey of 256 female and 296 male interscholastic coaches and a nationwide survey of 2,719 male and 1,449 female interscholastic coaches. Statistical analyses (p less than .001) indicated that female coaches were (a) more qualified than their male counterparts with respect to coaching experience with female teams, professional training, and professional experience; (b) as qualified as male coaches with regard to intercollegiate playing experience; and (c) less qualified than male coaches with respect to high school playing experience and coaching experience with male teams. Findings also indicated that male rather than female coaches more often experienced time constraints due to family responsibilities.
Faculty↗