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Biomedical subjects

S V German

Publications and source records attributed to S V German.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Itch in systemic diseases].

The specific features of itch in various systemic diseases are presented. A great variety of its possible mechanisms are shown in some systemic diseases. The basic principles of determination of the causes of itch and its treatment are given.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Taste affection and its causes].

Basic anatomophysiological evidence underlying sense of taste, main causes of taste disorders, guides for practitioners how to detect these disorders and differentiate them with physicians of allied specialities, make prognosis and design policy of the disease treatment are reviewed.

Cranial Nerve Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Effect of amylin on the tone of rat aorta ring preparation.

Amylin (10(-10)M) induced relaxation of norepinephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings by more than 50%. This effect was preserved after blockade of NO-synthase and even after denudation of the vessel. Thus amylin-induced vasodilation is an endothelium-independent process not mediated by NO.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

Effect of amylin on mast cell secretion as a possible mechanism increasing gastric mucosa resistance.

Water-immersion restraint stress increased secretory activity of mast cells and led to the formation of erosive lesions in the gastric mucosa. Intraperitoneal administration of amylin in a dose of 0.5 microg/kg 1 h before stress suppressed degranulation of mast cells and decreased the severity of gastric mucosa damages. In in vitro experiments amylin abolished the activating effects of acetylcholine and bradykinin on mast cell degranulation. Amylin-induced stabilization of activated mast cells probably underlies its protective effects during ulceration.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

[Pancreatic hormone amylin and integrity of the gastric mucosa].

The paper presents experimental findings of some possible mechanisms of protective antiulcerous action of amyline. Amyline is the second beta-cell pancreatic hormone, which has been just recently discovered. The authors have studied the effects of amyline on gastric secretion, mast cell functions, mesenteric lymphatic microvascular contractility, i.e. on individual aggressive and protective factors of the gastric mucosa. Amyline has been found to inhibit basal acid gastric secretion and the secretion stimulated by vagal irritation. The peptide reduces the secretory activities of mast cells. Amyline given to animals increases the heparin saturation index of mast cells and decreases the degranulation index. Amyline-induced stabilization of mast cells appears to followed by the decreased release of histamine and other damaging substances. The stimulating effect of amyline on the contractile activity of mesenteric lymphatic vessels was recorded in rats. Amyline increases both the frequency and amplitude of their contractions. The increased lymph flow that is closely associated with microcirculation promotes the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Therefore, the protective antiulcerous properties of amyline reduce the action of aggressive agents on the gastric mucosa and stimulate protective ones.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of pancreatic polypeptide amylin on ulceration and acid gastric secretion].

The effects of the pancreatic polypeptide amyline on ulceration and acid gastric secretion were studied in rat experiments. Pyloric ligation was used as a model of ulceration. Amyline administration caused significantly less gastric mucosal damage in response to pyloric ligation. The severity of gastric mucosal damage averaged 47 +/- 13 mm2 in the control group and 25 +/- 11 mm2 (p < 0.005). The rate of acid gastric secretion in the animals whose pylorus had been ligated as judged by the pH of gastric content was significantly higher than that in the controls (2.87 +/- 0.22 and 2.34 +/- 0.17 (p = 0.05). It is concluded that amyline has a noticeable effect on the gastric mucosa. It is suggested that suppressed acid gastric secretion, i.e. reduced influence of aggressive agents on the gastric mucosa, is a mechanism of antiulcerative action of the peptide.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1990

[A modification of the method for direct study of pancreatic exocrine function].

Examination of the exocrine function of the pancreas, carried out with secretin-pancreozymin test in patients with adrenal diseases, has shown two errors, that may be easily corrected, usually made in such examinations. One of these errors is neglected analysis of the basal secretion, that may be informative in a number of cases; the other, resultant from the first one, is comparison of the stimulated secretion with but one basal period sample, that eventually leads to inaccurate results. An adequate picture of the exocrine pancreatic secretion may be obtained if the methods of investigation are changed, i.e. the duration of the basal phase be prolonged to 1 hour.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1990

[Immunoreactive trypsin in the blood of patients with functional disorders of the adrenal cortex].

Blood serum trypsin was radioimmunoassayed in 46 patients with adrenocortical hyperfunction and in 24 ones with its hypofunction. The findings evidence that excess of endogenous adrenal steroids leads to elevation of radioimmune trypsin (RIT) concentration. The presence of chronic pancreatitis in hypercorticism did not essentially influence the value of the examined parameter, nor did the development of diabetes mellitus. Corticosteroid deficit in the body was not associated with changes in the blood serum RIT concentration. Systematic glucocorticoid therapy resulted in elevation of RIT level. The serum enzyme concentration was also increased in hypoadrenocorticism patients not administered glucocorticoids, suffering from concomitant chronic pancreatitis. Therefore the test was not informative for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis in the patients with the endogenous hyperadrenocorticism syndrome but may be helpful in the recognition of the condition in the patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency; interpretation of this test results in hypoadrenocorticism patients treated with glucocorticoids should be performed by efficient specialists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Immunoreactive trypsin in the blood serum of patients with endogenous hypercorticism].

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure the response of serum trypsin to intravenous secretin and pancreozymin in 16 subjects with adrenocortical hyperfunction (group I) versus 6 subjects with hypercorticism (group II). In group I the enzyme reaction to the peptides was active and long-term. A similar rise in trypsin level occurred equally in patients free of chronic pancreatitis often present in Itsenko++ -Cushing syndrome. In group II patients RIA trypsin values comply with normal levels. The data obtained suggest an affected pancreatic status in adrenal hyperfunction both in the presence and absence of chronic pancreatitis which minimizes the informative value of the test in identification of chronic pancreatitis in endogenic hypercorticism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Bile excretion system in endogenous hypercorticism syndrome].

Bile excretion and biochemical properties of bile were investigated in 86 patients with the endogenic hypercorticism syndrome, 78 patients with the Itsenko-Cushing disease and in 8 patients with corticosteroma. A considerable incidence of functional and organic biliary disorders was demonstrated. Changes in cholecyst contractility were recorded in 54.6% of the patients, with hypermotor dyskinesia (36.4%) prevailing. An excess of endogenic corticosteroids was frequently accompanied by a hypotonus of Oddi's sphincter (65.6%) or Lutkens' sphincter (67.2%). Chronic (stoneless) cholecystitis was diagnosed in 70.9% of the patients, cholelithiasis, in 16.3%, and cholecyst cholesterosis, in 3.5%. Adrenocortical hyperfunction was associated with natural changes in biochemical composition of the bile, such as excessive cholesterol and a relative deficiency of cholic acid and phospholipids which might be conducive to cholelithiasis. High incidence of biliary disturbances and their pattern should be taken into account in the treatment of patients with hypercorticism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Immunoreactive trypsin in the blood serum of patients with endogenous hypercorticism].

Basal immunoreactive serum trypsin (RIT) was determined in comparative study of 46 patients with adrenocortical hyperfunction and 24 patients with hypocorticism for specifying the potentialities of the diagnostic test. Excess of endogenous corticosteroids is accompanied by a marked increase in the RIT serum concentration, this increase is particularly pronounced in Itsenko-Cushing syndrome and in exacerbations of Itsenko-Cushing disease in comparison with its level in Itsenko-Cushing disease remission. The presence of steroid diabetes had no significant RIT changes in Itsenko-Cushing disease. Attendant chronic pancreatitis that developed in patients with adrenocortical hyperfunction had no influence on blood serum RIT content. In patients with adrenal steroid deficiency who did not take glucocorticoids the serum RIT concentration was lower than that in those who constantly used hormones. RIT is increased in cases of chronic pancreatitis combined with chronic adrenal insufficiency. Measurement of the basal serum RIT may contribute to the diagnosis of pancreatitis in patients with hypocorticism but provides no information on this pathology in patients with endogenous hypercorticism.

Adolescent↗