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Biomedical subjects

S V Taniashin

Publications and source records attributed to S V Taniashin.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plastic repair of a defect in the base of the skull with soft tissues from the orbit after the removal of an extensive esthesioneuroepithelioma].

The paper describes a clinical observation of closure of sphenoidal sinus defect and plastic repair of dura mater by using orbital tissues after removal of a tumor from the medial portions of the middle cranial fossa, which spread into the orbit and sphenoidal sinus, in complete irreversible loss of visual function, ophthalmoplegia and ptosis in a patient with skull soft tissue hypotrophy due to multiple operations and radiation therapy and hence unsuitable for displacement and closure. This observation shows it possible to use orbital soft tissue for repair of the base of the skull, in cases when integumentary cranial tissues are impossible to use as a plastic material due to their hypotrophicity. At the same time severe dysfunctions, such as blindness and ophthalmoplegia enable orbital tissues to be employed without significantly deteriorating any functional and cosmetic effect.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of cholesteatomas (epidermoid cysts) of the posterior cranial fossa].

In 1985 to 2000, the Academician N. N. Burdenko Research Institute of Neurosurgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, examined and operated on 78 patients with epidermoidal cysts of the posterior cranial fossa. A complex of clinical symptoms of epidermoidal cysts of the posterior cranial fossa and their computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were studied. Based on clinical and X-ray evidence, their diagnosis was correctly made in 87.2% of cases. A procedure was developed for radical removal of epidermoidal cysts of the posterior cranial fossa. The stages and surgical treatment policy were elaborated. Total tumor removal was made in 81.25% of the patients. In other cases, a part of a capsule was left due to its close relationship to the adjacent neurovascular structures. Two patients with epidermoidal cysts of the cerebellopontile angle who had undergone radical tumor removal died in the immediate postoperative period. The cause of the two patients were ischemic attack in the brain stem. The quality of surgical treatment was assessed by examining changes in the patients' neurological status, CT and MRI evidence prior to surgery and in different periods after it. Recent radiological studies and microsurgical techniques completely ensure radical removal of epidermoidal cysts of by yielding a good postoperative outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Compression of the inferior cerebellar artery-induced compression of the medulla oblongata in Arnold-Chiari malformation as a cause of essential hypertension].

Cerebrovascular abnormalities (primarily looping of cerebellar arteries) are almost without exception concurrent with the Arnold-Chiari syndrome and hydrocephalus. Persistent essential hypertension may be a manifestation of pathological vessel-brain contact. Customary microvascular decompression may lead to blood pressure stabilization in the postoperative period for a long time. The paper presents a clinical case of a 52-year female patient with the Arnold-Chiari syndrome who underwent microvascular decompression of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery at the level of the medulla oblongata. Surgical treatment regressed preoperative cerebellar, bulbar, and truncal symptoms, lowered blood pressure from 190/100 to 120/80 mm Hg, and stabilized it at this level.

Arnold-Chiari Malformation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retrosigmoid suboccipital access].

Retrosigmoid suboccipital access has been widely used in neurosurgical care for more than a century. It has been employed in different vascular diseases and tumors of the brain. The authors provide examples of how to use the retrosigmoid suboccipital access, a patient's position during its application and techniques. All stages of performance of the access, including trepanation of the internal acoustic meatus, are considered in detail. Emphasis is laid in the advantages and disadvantages of this access. The basic stages of the access are illustrated. Correct application of the retrosigmoid suboccipital access is stated to yield a good view of primarily the cerebellopontile angle and causes no its associated complications.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radical surgery for removing a malignant tumor of the temporal bone with extra- and intracranial involvement].

The paper presents a clinical case of combined therapy for adenocystic carcinoma of the petrous pyramid. The basic stages of treatment were preoperative radiation, tumor block resection, and postoperative radiation therapy. Based on the discussion of data available in the literature and on the case presented, practical guidelines for treatment policy are given. Such basic guidelines are as follows:--a lingering drug-unresponsible inflammatory process may be a manifestation of cancer diseases;--if there are clinical and diagnostic signs of neoformation, biopsy of a tumor (tissue under suspicion) is the basic premedical measure;--treatment policy combines different methods of multimodality treatment, but if there is an epithelial tumor, treatment should be started with radio- and/or chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of meningiomas of the craniovertebral junction].

The results of surgical treatment in 21 patients with meningiomas of the craniovertebral junction are presented. Main clinical diagnostic criteria in relation to the site of a tumor relative to the brain stem are considered. The basic surgical approaches used in the surgical treatment of meningiomas of the craniovertebral junction are described. These include posterior, median, posterolateral, transcondylar approaches. Surgical techniques to remove meningiomas having a matrix of varying areas were concretized, this is also done in relation to the consistency of a tumor. The outcomes of surgical treatment are analyzed. Possible postoperative complications and measures of their prevention and treatment are considered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurinomas and neurofibromas of the jugular foramen: diagnosis and surgical treatment].

The paper analyzes the authors' experience in treating 16 patients with neurinomas and neurofibromas of the jugular foramen. A tumor was located intracranially (Type A) in 1 case, at the level of the base of the skull (Type B) in 7 cases, extracranially (type C) in 3 cases, and extra- and intracranially (Type D) in 5. All the patients were operated on. One-stage removal was performed in 15 patients, in 1 case a tumor was removed in 2 steps. By taking into account differences in the site of the tumors, the authors used the following accesses: retrosigmoid, supracondyllar, extreme lateral transcondylar, retroauricular transtemporal, extended retroauricular transtemporal, lateral cervical. While planning accesses, it is necessary to bear in mind not only the direction of growth of these tumors, but also the pathways of collateral venous blood flow.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant transformation of epidermoid cyst].

The paper presents a rare case of malignant transformation of an epidermoid cyst to the keratinizing type of squamous cell carcinoma. In a 47-year-old female patient with severe visual disturbances, MRI scans revealed a large supracellular tumor spreading to the third ventricle and medial portions of temporal lobes. The tumor was removed. A histological study of its biopsy specimen showed signs of both a benign process (epidermoid cysts) and its malignant epidermoid degeneration to the keratinizing type of squamous cell carcinoma. After 12-month combined therapy there was a continuous tumor growth with a significant dissemination within the base of the skull. The pathogenesis of epidermoid cysts, possible causes of malignant transformation, modalities of treatment and prognosis are briefly discussed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary meningioma of the ventricle IV].

A clinical observation of a rare neurosurgical pathology, i.e. meningioma growing in the cavity of ventricle IV, is reported. The female patient underwent a surgery of tumor eradication. Issues related with diagnostics, treatment tactics and disease prognostication are discussed on the basis of literature survey. Practical recommendations on treatment tactics are provided with regard for the discussed published data and the mentioned clinical case.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preoperative embolization of the internal carotid artery in surgical treatment of meningioma in the base of the anterior and middle cranial fossae].

Preoperative embolization is a widely used technique that may decrease blood supply to rich-vascurized tumors of the brain. Its use allows a neurosurgeon to safely remove a tumor of different histological nature and site. The objects of preoperative embolization are most commonly meningiomas at convexital or parasagittal sites. According to the data available in the literature, the internal carotid or ocular artery was embolized in not more than 10 cases. The described case underwent successful embolization of the involved internal carotid whose branches took an active part in supplying blood to the meningioma of the base of the skull. This permitted total resection of a generalized meningioma of the anterior and middle parts of the base of the skull.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant tumors involving the skull base: methods of treatment and results].

The paper presents experience with surgical and combined treatment of 197 patients with malignant tumors involving the skull base and extracranially originating. The authors have defined indications for and contraindications to different types of surgical treatment, developed methods for radical and palliative tumor removal, which are based on a comprehensive approach considering the basic principles of oncology and neurosurgery. Assessing the immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment by mathematical statistical methods could reveal the major factors influencing survival rates in patients after surgery and the duration of a relapse-free period.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An approach to an esthesioneuroblastoma of the anterior cranial fossa via the anterior wall of the hypertrophied frontal sinus].

A 40-year-old patient with anterior cranial fossa esthesioblastoma was operated on. Surgical approach via anterior wall of enlarged frontal sinus was used. After removal of tumor from anterior cranial fossa, ethmoidal and frontal sinuses, skull base defect was closed with abdominal fat and periosteum. Different approaches to anterior cranial fossa are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Variants in the growth of meningiomas of the base of the skull spreading into the orbit and paranasal sinuses].

Meningiomas of the skull base involving the orbit and paranasal sinuses were diagnosed in 254 patients. The patients were operated on in 1982-1991. All craniocephalic meningiomas involve the anterior skull base bones. The involvement presents either as destruction (nodular tumor) or as hyperostosis (infiltrative growth of the tumor). All patients were divided into 8 groups with different location of skull bones involvement. A classification of meningiomas of skull base disseminating into the orbit and paranasal sinuses is proposed, proceeding from the anatomical principle. This classification helps plan a surgical access, scope of intervention, probable size of skull defect and method of its closure, possible postoperative functional and cosmetic defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgery of the base of the skull].

To treat pathological processes, primarily tumors, in the base of the skull is one of the most intricate neurosurgical problems. In the past decade, interest in this problem has greatly increased due to the advent of new methods of diagnosis, up-to-date neurosurgical equipment and to a greater cooperation of physicians of related disciplines: ophthalmologists, otosurgeons, plastic surgeons. The authors present and summarize the experience accumulated by the researchers of the N. N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery in the past 10 years in treating basal tumors. Based on a great deal of clinical findings, approaches are proposed in treating some groups of basal tumors, such and pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas at various sites, trigeminal and acoustic neurinomas, and malignant neoplasms of the base of the skull. The conditions required for successful surgical treatment of the processes in the base of the skull are described in detail. One of them is a correct determination of a surgical approach.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗