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Biomedical subjects

S Vaidyanathan

Publications and source records attributed to S Vaidyanathan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Urinary excretion of inorganic pyrophosphate by normal subjects and patients with renal calculi in north-western India and the effect of diclofenac sodium upon urinary excretion of pyrophosphate in stone formers.

24 h urinary pyrophosphate excretion was studied in 20 normal healthy subjects and 75 idiopathic stone formers from north-western regions of India. The mean 24-hour urinary excretion of pyrophosphate was significantly low in stone formers (50.67 +/- 2.16 mumol/24 h) as compared to that of normal subjects (71.46 +/- 5.46 mumol/24 h) (p less than 0.01). Diclofenac sodium, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was administered 50 mg thrice daily for 1 week to 18 stone formers and 24-hour urinary pyrophosphate excretion was studied before and after drug therapy. The 24-hour urinary excretion of pyrophosphate increased from 54.32 +/- 21.40 to 78.31 +/- 28.03 mumol subsequent to diclofenac sodium therapy (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Urethral tuberculosis.

Tuberculous affection of the urethra is very rare. Herein we report 2 cases of urethral tuberculosis. One in a young married female who had isolated urethral involvement presenting as urethral caruncle and the second in a young male with urethral stricture complicated by fistulae and abscess in association with renal tuberculosis. The relevant literature is briefly reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Renal tuberculosis: diagnosis with sonographically guided aspiration cytology.

Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed in 19 patients suspected to have renal tuberculosis. This procedure enabled a diagnosis of renal tuberculosis to be made in six of seven patients with urine cultures consistently negative for acid-fast bacilli and confirmed the diagnosis in nine patients with focal renal lesions on sonography and urine cultures positive for acid-fast bacilli. The fine-needle aspiration cytologic samples were positive for acid-fast bacilli in seven (44%) of the 16 confirmed cases, and acid-fast bacilli were present in 80% of the samples containing necrotic material. Epithelioid granulomas were present in 15 (94%) of 16 patients diagnosed with renal tuberculosis. One patient had no evidence of acid-fast bacilli or epithelioid granulomas, but seminal fluid ultimately grew acid-fast bacilli. Two patients (13%) with evidence of tuberculosis had minor self-limiting complications from the fine-needle aspiration: one perirenal hematoma and one abdominal wall intramuscular hematoma. Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration cytology is useful as a means of diagnosing renal tuberculosis in patients with urine cultures negative for acid-fast bacilli, and is of value in defining the granulomatous nature of sonographically visible lesions in patients with positive urine cultures.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1992

Isolated invasive candidal prostatitis.

Fungal prostatitis is an uncommon entity. Herein we report a case of isolated candidal prostatitis in an elderly patient who presented with acute urinary retention and was clinically diagnosed as having benign hypertrophy of the prostate. Histology of the resected prostate demonstrated invasive prostatic involvement by Candida albicans. There was no evidence of systemic involvement by Candida. The relevant literature and treatment of isolated Candidal prostatitis have been highlighted.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

A comparative study of intravesical instillation of 15(s) 15 Me alpha and alum in the management of persistent hematuria of vesical origin.

A prospective randomized, controlled study was done to compare the efficacy and safety of 15(s) 15 Me PGF2 alpha intravesical instillation and 1% alum vesical irrigation in the control of vesical hematuria which persisted even after continuous bladder irrigation with normal saline for 24 hours. Ten patients were treated with 15(s) 15 Me PGF2 alpha intravesical instillation in a dose of 1 mg daily for a maximum of 5 days. Six patients had complete cessation of macroscopic hematuria and partial control was seen in another 2 patients. Failure of control was seen in 2 patients. Nine patients were treated with 1% alum irrigation of bladder at a rate of 5 ml/min for a maximum period of 72 hours. Complete cessation of hematuria occurred in 6 patients and partial control in the other 3 patients. Bladder spasms was a common side effect of both drugs (19/19). Frequent catheter blockade (7/9) and recurrence of bleeding (3/9) were also seen with alum therapy. No systemic side effects occurred during therapy with both drugs. Alum, due to its safety and efficacy remains the drug of first choice for persistent vesical hematuria. High cost, low availability and stringent storage conditions are drawbacks for routine use of 15(s) 15 Me PGF2 alpha, however, PGF2 alpha promises to be a safe and effective alternative method and might be of great value in cases of alum failure as observed in two of our cases (9 and 10).

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

Fine-needle aspiration cytology in azoospermic males.

Bilateral testicular fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed in 100 males, including 10 controls with normal fertility and 90 infertile azoospermic males. The various seminiferous tubular cells were easily identified in smears. It was possible to give a cytological diagnosis in histologic terms by analysis of the combinations of various cell types. The cytohistologic correlation in 25 cases was nearly 100%. FNAC is particularly useful in cases of obstructive azoospermia, where mature spermatozoa are seen in smears.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

The effect of diclofenac sodium on urinary concentration of calcium, uric acid and glycosaminoglycans in traumatic paraplegics.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have been shown to decrease calcium excretion in the experimental animal, in human volunteers and in calcium stone formers. Paraplegics tend to be hypercalciuric during the first 2 years after their injury and this is said to be a predisposing factor for stone formation in these patients. The effect of the NSAID diclofenac sodium was studied in 12 traumatic paraplegics who had sustained their injury 1 to 6 months previously; 24-h urine samples collected before and 2 weeks and 4 weeks after oral diclofenac sodium 50 mg tds were analysed for calcium, uric acid, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and volume. There were no significant changes in urinary volume, uric acid and GAGs excretion. However, urinary calcium concentration and 24-h calcium excretion decreased significantly following 2 weeks' and 4 weeks' treatment with diclofenac sodium.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Seminal vesiculitis due to Mycobacterium gastri leading to male infertility.

Tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract is a well-known cause of male infertility. However, infertility from infection by nontuberculous mycobacterium has not been reported. Herein, we present a case of seminal vesiculitis due to Mycobacterium gastri in a diabetic patient leading to male infertility. Improvement in semen quality was noticed after 6 months of therapy with isoniazid, ethambutol and rifampicin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ureterovaginal fistula: summary of 18 years' experience.

Ureterovaginal fistula is an uncommon complication of pelvic operations. We report 31 such cases seen over an 18-year period, all of which followed surgery for benign gynaecological conditions. Most patients had no urinary symptoms until the sudden onset of incontinence 1 to 4 weeks post-operatively. Diagnosis was established by a combination of intravenous urography, cystography, cystoscopy, retrograde ureteropyelography and dye studies. Twenty-nine patients underwent ureteroneocystostomy, 10 with a Boari flap and 19 by a direct method; fistulas healed in 2 patients following conservative treatment. Renal salvage was achieved in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Boari flap calycovesicostomy: a salvage procedure for giant hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

The surgical management of two patients with giant hydronephrosis in a solitary kidney treated by Boari flap calycovesicostomy is presented. In one patient, this operation was done following unsuccessful previous pyeloplasty, while in the other this was done as the primary operation. Though free reflux was observed in both the cases, the refluxed contrast emptied satisfactorily after double voiding. No deterioration of renal function was noted during the follow-up period of 12 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of intravesical instillation of varying doses of verapamil (20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg) upon urinary bladder function in chronic traumatic paraplegics with overactive detrusor function.

The effect of intravesical instillation of verapamil was studied in eight chronic, traumatic paraplegics. Cystometry was performed before and 2 h after intravesical instillation of 20 mg of verapamil. After a gap of 10 days, the study was performed with 40 mg of verapamil and after an interval of another 10 days, the effect of intravesical instillation of 80 mg of verapamil was studied. No side-effects were observed after the intravesical administration of 20 mg, 40 mg or 80 mg of verapamil. The intravesical volume at detrusor reflex activity or at first uninhibited detrusor contraction (IV-DR) showed no significant change after intravesical instillation of 20 mg; but IV-DR increased from 90 +/- 22 ml to 131 +/- 21 ml (p less than 0.001) after intravesical instillation of 40 mg of verapamil. There was a significant increase in IV-DR from 96 +/- 23 ml to 242 +/- 35 ml after intravesical instillation of 80 mg of verapamil (p less than 0.001). There was no significant change in detrusor pressure at detrusor reflex activity or at first uninhibited detrusor contraction after intravesical instillation of 20 mg, 40 mg or 80 mg of verapamil. The frequency of voiding recorded before and one day after intravesical instillation of either 20 mg or 40 mg of verapamil showed no significant change. But the frequency of voiding recorded before and one day after intravesical instillation of 80 mg of verapamil showed a significant decrease from 19 +/- 2 to 8 +/- 1 (p less than 0.001).

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1979

Non-operative management of a pelvic hydatid cyst communicating with the bladder.

Two cases are reported of spontaneous rupture of pelvic hydatid cysts into the bladder, which were managed conservatively. The resulting communication between the bladder and the cyst was used advantageously for intravesical instillation of 20% saline to destroy the germinal layer of the hydatid cyst and daughter cysts. Sequential cystographic studies showed disappearance of the extrinsic pressure effect on the bladder as the daughter cysts were evacuated repeatedly per urethram after instillations. Spontaneous sealing off of the communication was documented and confirmed by cytoscopy in 1 case. A plea is made to adopt a non-operative approach in such cases, which permits intravesical and, hence, intracystic scolecidal agent instillation and achieves spontaneous evacuation of daughter cysts. Other factors encouraging conservative management whenever possible are the reportedly high recurrence rate of hydatid cysts postoperatively, the morbidity described with complete excision of pelvic and other hydatid cysts, and the inherent slow process of recurrence (between 5 and 20 years) after complete evacuation of daughter cysts.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Fatal intra-peritoneal bladder rupture due to blocked catheter in a paraplegic.

A female paraplegic developed intraperitoneal rupture of urinary bladder seven weeks after institution of indwelling urethral catheter drainage. Blockage of the catheter precipitated this fatal event. Oliguria after an initial encouraging urinary output despite adequate fluid replacement led us to suspect bladder rupture which was confirmed by urgent cystography. Although emergency laparotomy to repair the rent in the bladder was performed, she succumbed to gram-negative septicemia. Other hazards of indwelling urethral catheter drainage even for short periods are highlighted (though the above complication itself is admittedly rare) with an oft re-emphasised plea to consider earlier the alternative modality of intermittent catheterisation or pharmacotherapy in female patients.

Female↗