Biomedical subjects

S Van Eeden

Publications and source records attributed to S Van Eeden.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA, and it remains one of the few diseases that continues to increase its numbers. The development and progression of COPD can vary dramatically between individuals. A low level of lung function remains the cornerstone of COPD diagnosis and is a key predictor of prognosis. Lung function, however, is not the only factor in determining morbidity and mortality related to COPD, with factors such as body mass index, exercise capability and comorbid disease being important predictors of poor outcomes. Exacerbations of COPD are additional important indicators of both quality of life and outcomes in COPD patients. Definitions of exacerbations can vary, ranging from an increase in symptoms to COPD-related hospitalisations and death. COPD exacerbations are more common in patients with lower levels of lung function and may lead to more rapid declines in lung function. Better understanding of the natural history of COPD may lead to better definitions of specific COPD phenotypes, better interventions and improved outcomes.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗

PubMed2002

A tumour with a neuroendocrine and papillary serous component: two or a pair?

AIMS: To examine the clonal origin of a tumour, made up of a neuroendocrine component and a papillary serous component by comparing the pattern of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and the immunohistochemical protein expression of both components. METHODS/RESULTS: A 70 year old woman, known to have a metastasised neuroendocrine carcinoma, underwent resection of the distal part of the ileum because of obstruction by a mesenterial mass. The macroscopically homogeneous mesenterial mass consisted histologically of an admixture of a neuroendocrine component and a papillary serous carcinoma. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of both components with a panel of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers showed a distinctive pattern of LOH, and both components showed LOH on chromosome 4q and 17, but involving different alleles at the same locus. Moreover, both components showed different immunohistochemical staining patterns for neuroendocrine markers, cytokeratin 7, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA125. CONCLUSION: Both LOH analysis of the neuroendocrine and papillary serous components of this tumour and the immunohistochemical profile of both components are consistent with a different clonal origin. The tumour is probably a collision tumour, in which the papillary serous carcinoma must have been of peritoneal origin because necropsy revealed a normal uterus and normal ovaries.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration in streptococcal pneumonia: comparison of older PMN with those recently released from the marrow.

In acute bacterial pneumonia, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) sequester in the lung and migrate into the alveolar airspaces. These local events are accompanied by a systemic response that includes release of PMN from the bone marrow into the circulation. The present study was designed to compare the sequestration and migration of these newly released PMN with those already in the circulation in a model of acute streptococcal pneumonia in rabbits. PMN were labeled in the mitotic pool in the marrow by administration of 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU 100 mg/kg) and the labeled cells were detected in blood and tissues by immunohistochemistry. The proportion of BrdU-labeled PMN (PMN BrdU) that sequestered and migrated in the lung tissue infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae and the uninfected lung was measured using morphometric techniques. The results show an increase in the proportion of PMN BrdU (6.0 +/- 1.0% to 17.3 +/- 3.8%, P<0.05) in the circulation 5 h following the induction of a pneumonia and the PMN expressed a higher concentration of L-selectin (9.3 +/- 0.7 to 14.9 +/- 0.8 MFI, P<0.05). The proportion of PMN BrdU in the control tissue was not different from the proportion in the systemic circulation (11.4 +/- 1.6%). The PMN BrdU increased in the pneumonic site at 5 h (19.9 +/- 3.4%, P<0.05) and 8 h (26.6 +/- 1.5%, P<0.05) after treatment. Only 2.8 +/- 0.3% and 2.8 +/- 0.6% of the PMN that migrated into the airspace at 5 and 8 h were PMN BrdU. We conclude that PMN released into the circulation as part of the systemic response to a local streptococcal pneumonia sequester normally but may be slow to migrate into the airspaces at the inflammatory site.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

L-selectin expression increases on peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes during active marrow release.

The cell adhesion molecule L-selectin is highly expressed on mature bone marrow polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and the release of these cells from the bone marrow could produce a population of circulating PMN expressing high levels of L-selectin. Because L-selectin initiates the interaction of PMN with activated endothelium, these cells could be important in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure following sepsis and septic shock. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the release of PMN from the bone marrow increases the expression of L-selectin on circulating PMN. Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were obtained immediately after sternotomy (BM1) and during (BM2) and just before closing the sternum (BM3) in five normothermic and five hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures. L-selectin was measured using both immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The results showed that L-selectin expression on bone marrow PMN was greater than on peripheral blood PMN (p < 0.01) in all patients at baseline. Bone marrow release of PMN during normothermic CPB was associated with a rise in peripheral blood band cells (0.18 +/- 0.7 versus 0.56 x 10(9)/L) (p < 0.01) and an increase in the percentage of PMN expressing high levels of L-selectin (9 +/- 3.3 to 36 +/- 6.6%, p < 0.03) and the L-selectin mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on PMN (p < 0.05). The expression of L-selectin on band cells was higher than on segmented PMN in the circulation (p < 0.01). Hypothermia (27 degrees C) prevented the release of band cells into the circulation and the increased expression of L-selectin on the PMN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗