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S Vijaya

Publications and source records attributed to S Vijaya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Specific polyadenylation and purification of total messenger RNA from Escherichia coli.

Obtaining pure mRNA preparations from prokaryotes has been difficult, if not impossible, for want of a poly(A) tail on these messages. We have used poly(A) polymerase from yeast to effect specific polyadenylation of Escherichia coli polysomal mRNA in the presence of magnesium and manganese. The polyadenylated total mRNA, which could be subsequently purified by binding to and elution from oligo(dT) beads, had a size range of 0.4-4.0 kb. We have used hybridization to a specific plasmid-encoded gene to further confirm that the polyadenylated species represented mRNA. Withdrawal of Mg2+ from the polyadenylation reaction resulted in addition of poly(A) to 16S rRNA despite the presence of Mn2+, indicating the vital role of Mg2+ in maintaining the native structure of polysomes. Complete dissociation of polysomes into ribosomal subunits resulted in quantitative polyadenylation of both 16S and 23S rRNA species. Chromosomal lacZ gene-derived messages were quantitatively recovered in the oligo(dT)-bound fraction, as demonstrated by RT-PCR analysis. Potential advantages that accrue from the availability of pure total mRNA from prokaryotes is discussed.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1995

A myristylated membrane protein encoded by the vaccinia virus L1R open reading frame is the target of potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

We identified a protein component of the intracellular mature vaccinia virion membrane that is a target of a potent neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 7D11, obtained from Alan L Schmaljohn. By immunofluorescent and electron microscopic analysis, MAb 7D11 was found to stain intracytoplasmic viral factories, virion membranes in cell sections, and the surface of negatively stained preparations of purified virions. The MAb 7D11 antigen, which is synthesized at late times in infection, has apparent molecular masses of 25 and 29 kDa under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively. The membrane antigen was most efficiently extracted from virions by NP40 detergent in combination with a reducing agent; in addition, the protein partitioned exclusively into the detergent phase when extracted with Triton X-114. Although the N-terminus of the immunoaffinity-purified protein was blocked, sequence analysis of trypic peptides revealed that the MAb 7D11 antigen was identical to the myristylated protein encoded by the L1R open reading frame previously described by C.A. Franke, E.M. Wilson, and D.E. Hruby (1990, J. Virol. 64, 5988-5996). Validation of this genetic assignment was provided by the ability of MAb 7D11 to immunoprecipitate a [3H]myristic acid-labeled product of the expected molecular weight from infected cells. In addition, we discovered that the previously described neutralizing monoclonal antibody 2D5 (Y. Ichihashi, T. Takahashi, and M. Oie, 1994, Virology 202, 834-843) also recognizes the L1R protein.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of oxygen free radicals generated during vanadate-stimulated NADH oxidation.

The oxidation of NADH and accompanying reduction of oxygen to H2O2 stimulated by polyvanadate was markedly inhibited by SOD and cytochrome c. The presence of decavanadate, the polymeric form, is necessary for obtaining the microsomal enzyme-catalyzed activity. The accompanying activity of reduction of cytochrome c was found to be SOD-insensitive and therefore does not represent superoxide formation. The reduction of cytochrome c by vanadyl sulfate was also SOD-insensitive. In the presence of H2O2, all the forms of vanadate were able to oxidize reduced cytochrome c, which was sensitive to mannitol, tris and also catalase, indicating H2O2-dependent generation of hydroxyl radicals. Using ESR and spin trapping technique only hydroxyl radicals, but not superoxide anion radicals, were detected during polyvanadate-dependent NADH oxidation.

Cytochrome c Group↗
PubMed1992

Functions of cytochrome c in regulation of electron transfer and protein folding.

Cytochrome c, a "mobile electron carrier" of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, also occurs in detectable amounts in the cytosol, and can receive electrons from cytochromes present in endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes as well as from superoxide and ascorbate. The pigment was found to dissociate from mitochondrial membranes in liver and kidney when rats were subjected to heat exposure and starvation, respectively. Treating cytochrome c with hydroxylamine gives a partially deaminated product with altered redox properties; decreased stimulation of respiration by deficient mitochondria, increased reduction by superoxide, and complete loss of reducibility by plasma membranes. Mitochondria isolated from brown adipose tissue of cold-exposed rats are found to be sub-saturated with cytochrome c. The ability of cytochrome c to reactivate reduced ribonuclease is now reinterpreted as a molecular chaperone role for the hemoprotein.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Transport to the cell surface of a peptide sequence attached to the truncated C terminus of an N-terminally anchored integral membrane protein.

Attempts to construct hybrid proteins that are transported to the plasma membrane are frequently unsuccessful because of perturbations in polypeptide folding. In seeking to minimize this problem, we have used the less common type of integral membrane protein, which has an uncleaved signal-anchor domain and an extracellular carboxyl portion, to transport a peptide sequence of interest to the cell surface. A set of plasmids was constructed that contained the gene encoding respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein G (RSVG) interrupted immediately after one of several proline codons by a synthetic sequence containing unique restriction endonuclease sites and a stop codon. The shortened RSVG gene was flanked by vaccinia virus DNA to permit cloning and expression in a vaccinia virus vector. An open reading frame encoding four copies of the immunodominant repeating epitope of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum was inserted into the tails of the truncated RSVG genes. Recombinant vaccinia viruses were isolated and shown to express hybrid proteins that reacted with a monoclonal antibody directed to the repeating circumsporozoite epitope. Moreover, immunofluorescence studies indicated that the peptide was on the external cell surface and available to react with antibodies. Expression of the hybrid protein also occurred in rabbits inoculated with the live recombinant vaccinia virus, as demonstrated by the generation of antibodies that bound to P. falciparum sporozoites in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Vanadate-stimulated NADH oxidation in microsomes.

Addition of vanadate, stimulated oxidation of NADH by rat liver microsomes. The products were NAD+ and H2O2. High rates of this reaction were obtained in the presence of phosphate buffer and at low pH values. The yellow-orange colored polymeric form of vanadate appears to be the active species and both ortho- and meta-vanadate gave poor activities even at mM concentrations. The activity as measured by oxygen uptake was inhibited by cyanide, EDTA, mannitol, histidine, ascorbate, noradrenaline, adriamycin, cytochrome c, Mn2+, superoxide dismutase, horseradish peroxidase and catalase. Mitochondrial outer membranes possess a similar activity of vanadate-stimulated NADH oxidation. But addition of mitochondria and some of its derivative particles abolished the microsomal activity. In the absence of oxygen, disappearance of NADH measured by decrease in absorbance at 340 nm continued at nearly the same rate since vanadate served as an electron acceptor in the microsomal system. Addition of excess catalase or SOD abolished the oxygen uptake while retaining significant rates of NADH disappearance indicating that the two activities are delinked. A mechanism is proposed wherein oxygen receives the first electron from NAD radical generated by oxidation of NADH by phosphovanadate and the consequent reduced species of vanadate (Viv) gives the second electron to superoxide to reduce it H2O2. This is applicable to all membranes whereas microsomes have the additional capability of reducing vanadate.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Dsi-1, a region with frequent proviral insertions in Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat thymomas.

Dsi-1 is a region of chromosomal DNA that underwent proviral insertion in 3 of 24 Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat thymomas. In one of these tumors, a provirus is also integrated adjacent to the proto-oncogene c-myc. The proviruses in Dsi-1 have been characterized and appear to be complete. The proviruses were located within a 2-kilobase region that contained four prominent DNase I-hypersensitive sites. These hypersensitive sites were observed in Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced thymomas but not in NRK cells. The region of Dsi-1 immediately 3' to the insertions cross-hybridized with human and chicken DNA, indicating that it contains highly conserved sequences. No evidence could be found for the expression of this highly conserved region. Dsi-1 was mapped to mouse chromosome 4. This location demonstrates that Dsi-1 is different from 16 of the known proto-oncogenes (c-abl, c-erbA c-erbB, c-ets-1, c-ets-2, c-fes, c-fos, c-myb, c-myc, c-raf, A-raf, c-Ha-ras, c-Ki-ras, N-ras, c-sis, and c-src) and 12 cellular regions of tumor-associated integrations in retrovirus-induced tumors (c-erbB, Fis-1, int-1, int-2, Mis-1/pvt-1, Mlvi-1, Mlvi-2, c-mos, c-myb, c-myc, Pim-1, and c-Ha-ras). Hybridization experiments indicated that Dsi-1 is probably different from five additional proto-oncogenes (c-fgr, c-fms, c-mos, neu, and c-yes) and from two additional frequent integration regions (lck and Mlvi-3).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Acceptor sites for retroviral integrations map near DNase I-hypersensitive sites in chromatin.

Seven cellular loci with acceptor sites for retroviral integrations have been mapped for the presence of DNase I-hypersensitive sites in chromatin. Integrations in three of these loci, chicken c-erbB, rat c-myc, and a rat locus, dsi-1, had been selected for in retrovirus-induced tumors. Of the remaining four, two, designated dsi-3 and dsi-4, harbored acceptor sites for apparently unselected integrations of Moloney murine leukemia virus in a Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced thymoma, and two, designated C and F, harbored unselected acceptor sites for Moloney murine leukemia virus integrations in a rat fibroblast cell line. Each acceptor site mapped to within 500 base pairs of a DNase I-hypersensitive site. In the analyses of the unselected integrations, six hypersensitive sites were observed in 39 kilobases of DNA. The four acceptor sites in this DNA were localized between 0.05 and 0.43 kilobases of a hypersensitive site. The probability of this close association occurring by chance was calculated to be extremely low. Hypersensitive sites were mapped in cells representing the lineage in which integration had occurred as well as in an unrelated lineage. In six of the seven acceptor loci hypersensitive sites could not be detected in the unrelated lineage. Our results indicate that retroviruses preferentially integrate close to DNase I-hypersensitive sites and that many of these sites are expressed in some but not all cells.

Alpharetrovirus↗
PubMed1984

A vanadate-stimulated NADH oxidase in erythrocyte membrane generates hydrogen peroxide.

Oxidation of NADH by rat erythrocyte plasma membrane was stimulated by about 50-fold on addition of decavanadate, but not other forms of vanadate like orthovanadate, metavanadate aad vanadyl sulphate. The vanadate-stimulated activity was observed only in phosphate buffer while other buffers like Tris, acetate, borate and Hepes were ineffective. Oxygen was consumed during the oxidation of NADH and the products were found to be NAD+ and hydrogen peroxide. The reaction had a stoichiometry of one mole of oxygen consumption and one mole of H2O2 production for every mole of NADH that was oxidized. Superoxide dismutase and manganous inhibited the activity indicating the involvement of superoxide anions. Electron spin resonance in the presence of a spin trap, 5, 5'-dimethyl pyrroline N-oxide, indicated the presence of superoxide radicals. Electron spin resonance studies also showed the appearance of VIV species by reduction of VV of decavanadate indicating thereby participation of vanadate in the redox reaction. Under the conditions of the assay, vanadate did not stimulate lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes. Extracts from lipid-free preparations of the erythrocyte membrane showed full activity. This ruled out the possibility of oxygen uptake through lipid peroxidation. The vanadate-stimulated NADH oxidation activity could be partially solubilized by treating erythrocyte membranes either with Triton X-100 or sodium cholate. Partially purified enzyme obtained by extraction with cholate and fractionation by ammonium sulphate and DEAE-Sephadex was found to be unstable.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Coin lesions.

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Adult↗