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Biomedical subjects

S Vivian

Publications and source records attributed to S Vivian.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Maternal anti-nauseants and clefts of lip and palate.

1 Data on drug prescriptions were obtained from the general practitioners of 196 women who had had infants with clefts of lip or palate and those of 407 control women, matched for age, parity, social class and year of delivery. 2 There was no excess of index women who had presented with nausea or vomiting. 3 There was a significant excess (12 cases, nine controls, P less than 0.02) of women who had been prescribed Debendox (the 3-constituent, or pre-1976, formulation of Bendectin) in early pregnancy. 4 This result was not thought to be conclusive evidence of a teratogenic effect but caution in prescribing is advised pending more extensive studies.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1982

Fetal loss, gravidity and pregnancy order: is the truncated cascade analysis valid?

Methods of studying birth order effect after controlling for final number of pregnancies or the elimination of women with a large number of pregnancies are shown to produce misleading results. The 'cascade' method of analysis is only valid in any population where birth limitation is practised if all pregnancy histories are included and there are no efforts made to control for number of pregnancies. It is suggested that in populations where any form of birth control is practised, so-called longitudinal analyses of perinatal risk should be treated with great caution.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1977

Expenditures for the dental care of indigent children in the Chattanooga project, 1971-1975.

This paper is part of a continuing study of the cost of children's dental care in a publicly funded model program. The Program--the Chattanooga Project--was designed to provide information and experience necessary for the development of similar programs elsewhere in the United States. From 1970 to 1975 comprehensive dental care was provided, at no charge, to an average of 5,500 indigent children per year. Children were treated in private practices (39%), public fixed clinics (20%), and public mobile clinics (41%). Costs were defined as public expenditures for purchasing care from private practitioners or producing care in public practices. As a framework for the analysis, program activities and their respective costs were divided into direct and indirect components. The former relate to the provision of care and the latter to noncare-oriented activities. Direct (indirect) costs per patient were $46.56 ($16.31) in private practices, $40.17 ($16.11) in fixed clinics, and $35.49 ($13.41) in mobile clinics. These results substantiate previous findings from a shorter period. A priori reasons for differences among the three modes in terms of patients' health status or the type of care provided have been specified and are currently under investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Monolayer cultures of dispersed cells from bovine anterior pituitary: responses to synthetic hypophysiotropic peptides.

Cells were dispersed from bovine anterior pituitary glands, by digestion with collagenase, and cultured. After 4 days the cell monolayers were incubated with fresh medium containing synthetic hypophysiotropic peptides for 2, 6, or 20 h, and hormone released into the medium was estimated by radioimmunoassay. After 2 h, thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) stimulated the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) up to eightfold, and of prolactin (PRL) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) about twofold at a minimal effective concentration of 1 ng/ml; enhanced growth hormone (GH) release was not apparent until 20 h, and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was unaffected. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) enhanced release of LH maximally (three- to fourfold) during a 2 h incubation and was effective at 0.1 ng/ml; FSH release was significantly enhanced by about 50% above control level. Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH)(somatostatin) showed significant effects only in the 20 h incubation; GH release was inhibited by 50% and release of PRL was slightly, but significantly, enhanced. Pituitary cell monolayers apparently permit maximal expression of releasing activities inherent in the hypothalamic hormones.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1975

Anterior pituitary hormone release in vitro inversely related to extracellular osmolarity.

Release of hormones from bovine anterior pituitary tissue in vitro was inveresly related to the osmolarity of the incubation medium. Addition of each of several ionic or non-ionic solutes to Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate (KRB) or to beef serum inhibited hormone release. If the value of 286 mOsm/liter of KRB is considered as 100%, the osmolarity of the medium was altered from -15% to +10% of control. Over this range, an increase in osmolarity of 10% resulted in the following percentage inhibition: ACTH, 47; PRL, 43; TSH, 36; LH, 23; GH, 18; maximal percentage inhibition over this range was as follows: ACTH, 80; PRL, 60; TSH, 60; LH, 45; GH, 40. The inverse relationship between extracellular oxmolarity and secretion of ACTH and PRL would appear to be appropriate in view of the salt and water retaining actions of these hormones. The sensitivity of the response to osmotic changes suggests a possible role of body osmolarity in the regulation of adenohypophysial secretion.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗