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Biomedical subjects

S Von Kleist

Publications and source records attributed to S Von Kleist.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Augmentation of natural killer cell activity in vivo against tumour cells by some wild plants from Jordan.

Twelve aqueous extracts prepared from Jordanian plants that are currently used in traditional medicine to treat various types of cancer were tested in mice for their augmentation of natural killer cells in vivo in generating cytotoxicity against YAC tumour targets. After 1 week of oral administration of aqueous extracts of fresh Nigella sativum (N.s.) seeds and Allium sativum (A.s.) bulbs significant augmentation of splenic natural killer (NK) cells (62.3% +/- 6.4% and 52.6% +/-5.4% cytotoxicity, respectively), was obtained in comparison with spontaneous activity (24.5% +/- 1.6%) at 200:1 effector:target ratio. Onopordum acanthium (O.a.) stem and leaves and Allium cepa (A.c.) bulbs showed intermediate augmentation (38.6% +/- 3.8% and 30.6% +/- 3.4% cytotoxicity, respectively) while the rest showed insignificant augmentation activity. The fresh aqueous extract of a mixture of the plants with high and intermediate activity showed little insignificant augmentation activity (72.7% +/- 6.7% cytotoxicity) of NK cells compared with that obtained with each plant alone.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Augmentation of natural killer cell activity in vitro against tumor cells by wild plants from Jordan.

Thirteen aqueous extracts prepared from Jordanian plants, that are currently used in traditional medicine to treat various types of cancer, were tested in mice for their ability to augment natural killer (NK) cell function in vitro in generating cytotoxicity against YAC tumor targets. Lymphoid cells at a concentration of 5x10(6)/ml were incubated in medium alone or in medium containing different dilutions of either plant extract or purified interferon alpha for 20 h and tested for NK activity. Maximum NK activity (62. 3%) was obtained at 1:50 dilution of Nigella sativum fresh aqueous extract, 48.5% at 1:100 dilution for Allium sativum (and 38.3% at 1:50 dilution for Onopordum acanthium. Fresh aqueous plant extracts appeared to be more potent than old dried aqueous extract or ethanolic extracts. NK augmentation by plant extracts using nylon wool non-adherent spleen cells was slightly higher than the whole spleen cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Long-range chromosomal mapping of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family cluster.

A long-range physical map of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family cluster, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 19, has been constructed. This was achieved by hybridization analysis of large DNA fragments separated by pulse-field gel electrophoresis and of DNA from human/rodent somatic cell hybrids, as well as the assembly of ordered sets of cosmids for this gene region into contigs. The different approaches yielded very similar results and indicate that the entire gene family is contained within a region located at position 19q13.1-q13.2 between the CYP2A and the D19S15/D19S8 markers. The physical linkage of nine genes belonging to the CEA subgroup and their location with respect to the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) subgroup genes have been determined, and the latter are located closer to the telomere. From large groups of ordered cosmid clones, the identity of all known CEA subgroup genes has been confirmed either by hybridization using gene-specific probes or by DNA sequencing. These studies have identified a new member of the CEA subgroup (CGM8), which probably represents a pseudogene due to the existence of two stop codons, one in the leader and one in the N-terminal domain exons. The gene order and orientation, which were determined by hybridization with probes from the 5' and 3' regions of the genes, are as follows: cen/3'-CGM7-5'/3'-CGM2-5'/5'-CEA-3'/5'-NCA-3'/5'-CGM1- 3'/3'-BGP-5'/3'- CGM9-5'/3'-CGM6-5'/5'-CGM8-3'/PSGcluster/qter.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

In situ distribution of transforming growth factor alpha in normal human tissues and in malignant tumours of the ovary.

The distribution of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) in human normal tissues from the uterus, Fallopian tube, ovary, small and large intestine, lung, spleen, kidney, and skin was studied by immunohistochemistry. TGF-alpha was found in epidermis, bronchial epithelium, intestinal mucosa, renal tubules, endo- as well as in exocervical and endometrial epithelium, and in the serous epithelium of the Fallopian tube. No TGF-alpha was detected in the stromal components of any of the tissues nor in any of the pre- and post-menopausal ovaries studied. Twenty-nine ovarian tumours including 23 ovarian carcinomas, one malignant mixed Mullerian tumour, two ovarian metastases of gastrointestinal carcinomas, one dysgerminoma, one sarcoma, and one fibroma were studied for TGF-alpha by the same immunohistochemical method. In 25 cases, specific cytoplasmic staining for TGF-alpha of epithelial tumour cells could be demonstrated. The pattern and intensity of the TGF-alpha immunostain varied among the TGF-alpha-positive tumours. No TGF-alpha was found by immunohistochemistry in the remaining four cases nor in the stromal tumour components of any of the lesions studied. Northern blot analysis for TGF-alpha mRNA was performed on 12 of the tumours. While the immunohistochemistry and blotting results correlated well in ten cases, discordant results were obtained in two lesions.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1982

Monoclonal antibodies against CEA. Comparison of the immunoprecipitates by fingerprint analysis.

By fusion of C3H mouse spleen cells, immunized with a PCA extract from liver metastases of a colon tumor, and Sp2/O-Ag14 myeloma cells, we produced several clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAb) with reactivity against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). For the screening of the different MAb, an ELISA technique with PCA extract and highly purified CEA coupled with alkaline phosphatase was employed. The specificities of the MAb prescreened with the ELISA technique were analyzed further by immunoprecipitation and separation on SDS-PAGE, followed by enzyme digestion and thin-layer chromatography for fingerprint analysis. The MAb recognized (a) an antigenic determinant present only on CEA, (b) common determinants present on CEA and at least six other molecules separated by SDS-PAGE and (c) antigenic determinants not present on CEA. The fingerprint analysis showed the relationship of the molecules on the basis of protein chemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

CEA positivity in tissue and sera of patients with benign breast lesions.

The presence of CEA was studied in paraffin sections of 100 benign breast lesions using an immunoperoxidase technique. In fibroadenomas, CEA was found in 25% of cases as opposed to 64% with cystic disease with or without epitheliosis. Our results demonstrate a tendency for an increased frequency of CEA tissue positivity in association with a more prominent form of epithelial hyperplasia with cystic disease. The observed higher positivity of tissue CEA may reflect a higher 'cellular activity' in the latter lesions compared with fibroadenomas.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1976

An optical and ultrastructural study of the localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in normal and cancerous human rectocolonic mucosa.

An immunoenzymologic method using peroxidase-labeled antibodies has been applied for the localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on frozen sections, on Araldite-embedded sections, and on isolated cell preparations of normal rectocolonic mucosa and of rectal and colonic cancers (adenocarcinomas and one villous tumor). CEA appears as a component intimately associated with the external coating of the striated border of the normal columnar cell and with the external coating of the apical pole of the cancerous cell. CEA is also found as an intracellular component of the normal epithelial cell of the rectocolonic mucosa, mainly the goblet cell. In tumors, it appears as an intracellular component of the mucussecreting cell. Its presence in the cell coat and interior of the cell correlates with the degree of differentiation of the cells, whether cancerous or not. Progressive accumulation of CEA in the normal colonic epithelial cell has been observed in cells undergoing maturation. Its release by the mature goblet cell has also been observed. These results confirm that CEA is a normal glycoprotein constituent of the epithelial cell of the human adult rectocolonic mucosa, synthesized and discharged by this cell. The difference in CEA content, already reported, between the cancerous and the normal rectocolonic mucosa appears quantitative and not qualitative.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introduction to the CEA family: structure, function and secretion.

Due to the phenomenal progress in the field of tumor immunology that took place during the last twenty years, we dispose today of highly specific and sensitive techniques and reagents like monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). In this context the discovery in human carcinomas of tumor-associated antigens, such as CEA, was of primary importance, especially since the latter was found to have clinical relevance as a tumor marker. Based on animal models, a new in vivo technology for the detection of tumors and metastases was developed in recent years, that uses anti-CEA MAbs, or fragments of them, coupled to radio-isotopes. This technique, called radio-immunodetection (RAID), also paved the way for immunotherapeutic procedures, where again CEA served as the target-antigen. This new technique holds great promise, provided the epitope-specificity of the MAbs is well-controlled: it has been shown that CEA belongs to a large gene-family of at least 22 members, which can be subdivided into two subgroups (i.e., the CEA- and the PSG-subgroup) and which in turn belongs to the immunoglobulin-supergene family. Great structural similarities render the distinction of the various cross-reactive molecules by immunological means rather difficult.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistological localization of AFP and HCG in uniformly classified testis tumors.

Sixty seven germ cell tumors were studied for the presence of AFP and HCG by an immunoperoxidase technique. In the tumor tissues of 30 patients with seminomas no AFP-positivity was found, and in one case HCG positive giant cells were seen. In nonseminomatous tumors 54% were AFP-positive and 51% were HCG-positive. HCG was localized in syncytiotrophoblastic-like giant cells, occurring in choriocarcinomatous elements and as single cells in embryonal carcinomas, teratocarcinomas, and yolk sac tumors. AFP was demonstrable in 12 endodermal sinus tumor elements and, additionally, in solid cell clusters in embryonal carcinoma areas, arising as a component of a mixed germ cell tumor. In pure embryonal carcinomas we could not detect any positivity for either of the markers.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural localization of carcino-embryonic antigen in a continuous human tumour cell line (LS 174 T) in relation to morphometric investigations.

The synthesis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human tumour cell cultures has been investigated at the ultrastructural level in the colon carcinoma cell line LS 174 T. By application of a CEA-specific antibody fraction, gained from goat serum which was directly coupled with horse radish peroxidase (HRP), the expression of CEA could be followed in the cell culture both intra- and extracellularly with ultra-immunohistochemical methods, utilizing the pre-embedding technique. Morphometric and ultra-immunohistochemical investigations showed the possible involvement of the Golgi systems in CEA production. The changes in the volume fraction of the Golgi apparatus related to the total cell volume showed a direct correlation with the CEA content in the cell culture supernatants. Freeze-etch control experiments revealed negligible structural changes in the cells following ethyl-dimethyl-aminopropylcarbodiimide (EDC)-and saponin permeation techniques.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenotypical and functional characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from colon carcinomas stimulated with rIL-2 and rIL-4 in vitro: comparison with lymphocytes of the normal colon mucosa and the peripheral blood.

The phenotypical composition of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from colorectal carcinomas was compared with that of intraepithelial lymphocytes of the autologous normal colon mucosa (IEL) and autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The CD4+/CD8+ ratios of the freshly isolated TIL, IEL and PBL were comparable and always > 1. CD25+, HLA-DR+ and CD56+ cells accumulated significantly in the TIL, while CD45RA+ cells were less frequent compared to the autologous IEL and PBL. CD29+ memory-cells were found with the highest frequency in the TIL. Stimulation with rIL-2 in vitro induced an outgrowth of CD56+ cells in the TIL. Concordantly the expression of CD3+ and the alpha/beta T-cell receptor was low. In a standard 51Cr-release assay these phenotypically LAK-cells representing effectors displayed an unspecific lytic activity against the autologous tumor as well as against allogeneic K562 and Daudi targets. The number of CD56+ cells could be reduced in TIL and PBL by simultaneous stimulation with rIL-2 and rIL-4, while the number of CD3+ cells increased.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ten years of tumor imaging with labelled antibodies.

Since more than a decade scientific and clinical interest has centered on indicator proteins, most of which have been commercialized as tumor markers. Since many of these substances are cell membrane bound, they have served also as target substances for tumor imaging with nucleide-labeled antibodies. Although this technique, which is called radio-immuno-detection (RID), has made huge progress during the last ten years, it is still not a routine procedure employable in any department of nuclear medicine. It needs experience both for the interpretation of the images and the choice of the tumors to be investigated by this method. It remains, nevertheless, that radio-immuno-scintigraphy is a simple, easy-to-handle and low-cost technique with no harmful side-effects on the patient.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenotypical and functional differences of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human colorectal cancers induced by costimulation with rIL-2 and rIL-4 in vitro.

The influence of recombinant human interleukin-4 (rIL-4) on the proliferation and cytotoxic activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from human colorectal cancers was investigated TIL and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were cultured for 3-5 weeks. Under simultaneous stimulation with rIL-2 and rIL-4 the proliferation of TIL was less pronounced compared to stimulation with rIL-2 alone. In rIL-2 expanded TIL an outgrowth of CD56+ cells was observed. Concordantly, the expression of CD3+ cells was low. The number of CD56+ cells could be reduced significantly in TIL and PBL by stimulation with rIL-2 and rIL-4 simultaneously while the number of CD3+ cells increased. In TIL and PBL co-stimulation with rIL2 and rIL-4 resulted in higher CD4/CD8 ratios as compared to expansion with rIL-2 alone. In a 72 hour cytotoxicity assay the rIL-2/rIL-4 expanded TIL and PBL showed a lower lytic activity against autologous tumor targets in comparison to the rIL-2 expanded lymphocytes. In contrast, the cytotoxic activity of rIL-2/rIL-4 cultured TIL against allogeneic tumor cells was higher than in rIL-2 stimulated TIL.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic factors in breast cancer: theoretical and clinical aspects (review).

To estimate the prognosis of a patient is extremely important, because it strongly influences the therapeutic strategy. For this purpose a battery of prognostic factors has been described and evaluated, some of which are discussed in the present paper. They are divided into four categories (epidemiologic/demographic, anatomic/morphologic, hormonal/cellular and genetic/molecular factors). Although there are still many difficulties in the evaluation of prognostic factors, that must be overcome and although the ideal prognostic factor(s) are not yet defined, there are some that have been proved useful and should be employed for the benefit of the patients.

Age Factors↗