PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Vucković

Publications and source records attributed to S Vucković.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Antibiotics in the prevention of the surgical site infection in orthopedic surgery].

Surgical site infection is an actual problem of orthopaedic surgery. Despite considerable efforts that have been done during last several decades (e.g. improvements in surgical techniques, preoperative preparation of the surgical site, infection-control practice, use of preventive antibiotics) surgical site infection still affects about 0.5-2% of patients after closed fracture surgery or insertion of prosthetic devices. They are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The adherence to the principles of rationale preventive antibiotic therapy has an important role in the prevention of the surgical infection. In addition, it is well known that inappropriate use of antibiotic promote development of resistance, superinfections and increase the cost of the treatment. This paper focuses on the basic principles of rational use of antibiotics, i.e. appropriate selection of drug, dose, and duration of treatment in the prevention of surgical site infections in orthopaedic surgery.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis↗
PubMed2003

Relationship between autonomic neuropathy, 24-hr blood pressure and retinopathy in normoalbuminuric and normotensive type 1 diabetic patients.

In order to investigate factors related to the development of retinopathy in 122 normotensive and normoalbuminuric patients 24 hr-blood pressure (BP) measurement and autonomic tests based on standard, vector and spectral analysis of heart rate variation (HRV) were performed. Retinopathy was found in 47 patients with significantly longer duration of diabetes and prevalence of autonomic neuropathy (9.5 +/- 5.5; 59.6%) in comparison with 75 patients without retinopathy (5.29 +/- 4.9; 16%), (p < 0.05). Patients were matched according to age, gender, HbA1c and 24-hr urinary albumin excretion rate. Maximal night systolic, mean night and day diastolic BPs were significantly higher in patients with retinopathy (118.94 +/- 11; 62.94 +/- 8.1; 74.3 +/- 7.2 mmHg) as compared to patients without it (115.03 +/- 8.9; 59.65 +/- 7.1; 71.75 +/- 5.7) (p = 0.03). Maximal night systolic BP was inversely related to power high frequency (HF; r = -0.28, p = 0.05) and deep breathing CV (r = -0.23, p = 0.02). Mean night diastolic BP was inversely related to power mid frequency (r = -0.21, p = 0.03), HF (r = -0.32, p = 0.005), CV deep breathing (r = -0.27, p = 0.005) and mean circular resultant deep breathing (r = -0.24, p = 0.003); mean day diastolic BP to power HF (r = -0.22, p = 0.02). In multiple regression analysis retinopathy was associated with the duration of diabetes (beta = 0.53) and autonomic neuropathy (beta = 0.28) (p < 0.001). Autonomic neuropathy was related to BP elevation and retinopathy in normotensive and normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The influence of L-arginine on heart rate and tissue oxygen extraction in haemorrhaged rabbits.

Several studies have already indicated some beneficial effects of L-arginine in haemorrhaged rats. The aim of our study was to assess whether intravenous bolus injection of L-arginine could improve some cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in anaesthetized haemorrhaged rabbits (intermittent bleeding; 40% of the estimated blood volume for 15 min). I.v. bolus injection of L-arginine ( 300 mg kg(-1)--L-Arg(300)) increased heart rate (app. 10%) and decreased venous haemoglobin saturation with oxygen (sO(2)) (app. 23%) 60 min after the cessation of bleeding, without changes in arterial pressure. D-arginine (300 mg kg(-1)i.v. bolus-D-Arg(300)) produced similar, but insignificant haemodynamic and metabolic changes. In addition, no difference was found between the effects of the L- and D-isomers. Accordingly, L-arginine produces beneficial effects on the heart rate and tissue oxygen extraction in haemorrhaged rabbits. However, such changes do not appear to be stereospecific.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed2000

Antinociceptive activity of the novel fentanyl analogue iso-carfentanil in rats.

A large number of fentanyl analogues have been synthesized so far, both to establish the structure-activity-relationship (SAR) and to find novel, clinically useful antinociceptive drugs. In this study, the newly synthesized fentanyl analogue 3-carbomethoxy fentanyl (iso-carfentanil) was compared to fentanyl for its antinociceptive activity (tail-immersion test) in rats. It was revealed that the introduction of a 3-carbomethoxy group in the piperidine ring of fentanyl skeleton reduced the potency and shortened the duration of action of the parent compound, i.e., fentanyl. The antinociceptive potency of 3-carbomethoxy fentanyl is influenced mainly by the steric factor (voluminosity of the carbomethoxy group and the cis/trans isomerism), while the chemical nature of the group is probably irrelevant. This is in agreement with SAR studies of other 3-substituted fentanyl analogues. In contrast to potency, the duration of action is not affected by cis/trans isomerism. It is assumed that the time course of action of 3-carbomethoxy fentanyl is influenced by the nature of the carbomethoxy group. Since the potency and the duration of action of this novel antinociceptive compound are interesting from the aspect of SAR studies and have potential promise for clinical application, 3-carbomethoxy fentanyl deserves to be extensively evaluated.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1998

Higher environmental temperature potentiates cataleptic effect of fentanyl in rats.

The influence of higher environmental temperature (HET=30/-1 degrees C) on fentanyl-induced behavior was studied in unrestrained rats. Subacute exposure (3 days) of rats to HET significantly (P<0.01) increased the cataleptic effect of fentanyl citrate (0.5 mg/kg), in comparison to the corresponding exposure to normal environmental temperature (NET=22+/-1 degrees C). Also, the hyperthermic response of rats to a low dose of fentanyl citrate (0.2-0.5 mg/kg) was significantly (P<0.01) potentiated, and the hypothermic response to a high dose of fentanyl citrate (1.5 mg/kg) was significantly (P<0.05) attenuated after exposure to HET. Fentanyl-induced hyperexcitability, loss of righting reflex, loss of corneal reflex and analgesia were not significantly affected by HET. This study provides the first evidence on the influence of environmental temperature on drug-induced catalepsy. HET-induced potentiation of the cataleptic response to fentanyl could be the result of an interference with behavioral thermoregulation.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1994

[The role of T-lymphocyte subsets in susceptibility and resistance to induction of autoimmunity in the central nervous system].

The importance of two major subsets of T cells (CD4 and CD8) for the induction of EAE was analysed in two strains of rats differing in susceptibility to EAE and the level of IL 2 production. It was found that CD8 cells do not play a role in the induction or in the inherent resistance to EAE. Additionally, the elimination of CD8 cells does not increase the IL 2 production in lymphoid cell cultures. Based on these and previous results showing that a low dose of cyclophosphamide readily abrogates the resistance to EAE and enhances the IL 2 production. Thus it was concluded that genetically determined differences in susceptibility to EAE are governed by immunoregulatory genes whose effect appears to be mediated at the level of cellular interaction of different subsets of CD4 T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of calcium and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D on the level of parathyroid hormone in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal insufficiency.

Thirty-two patients with chronic renal insufficiency on the heamodialys were studied. Serum calcium significantly correlated with mPTH/iPTH ratio (p < 0.01). The rise in concentrations of calcium during calcium infusion significantly increased mPTH/iPTH ratio (p < 0.05). Concentrations of iPTH declined for more than 50% in 65% patients during calcium infusion. Secretion of PTH was not suppressed in two patients. Serum PTH values were lower in group of patients who received 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (p < 0.05). Serum calcium values were similar in these investigated groups. Suppression of PTH secretion with calcium rose in group of patients who received 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D for two years. Suppression of PTH with calcium declined in two of three investigated patients who did not receive 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D for two years.

Calcium↗
PubMed1992

An unusual T-cell surface phenotype in vivo correlates with the failure to proliferate and produce IL-2 in vitro in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency.

Stimulation of T-lymphocytes derived from some patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) syndrome results in defective proliferation. The underlying mechanism is related to the inability of stimulated cells to secrete IL-2 while the expression of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) is normal. We have identified a patient whose peripheral T-cells failed to proliferate and secrete IL-2 upon stimulation. The addition of recombinant IL-2 restored proliferation. The defect did not seem to be caused by accessory cell failure since the patient's adherent cells produced IL-1 and IL-6, and addition of allogeneic irradiated cells did not induce proliferation. Stimulation of CVID T-cells with phorbol esters and Ca2+ ionophore induced both IL-2 secretion and proliferation, indicating the absence of a defect in the transcription and/or translation of the IL-2 gene. The patient's T-cells expressed high levels of CD3. The majority of T-cells expressed the CD38 molecule which is normally found on thymocytes or activated T-cells but not peripheral blood T-cells and HLA-DR, another activation marker. However, CD25 (the IL-2R) and CD1, a marker of more immature thymocytes, were not expressed. Finally, the patient's cells were sensitive to an in vitro corticosteroid treatment. The possibilities that this patient's T-cells represent anergic T-cells or not fully matured thymocytes are discussed.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1990

Levamisole treatment of oligospermia.

On the basis of elevated levels of seminal plasma immunoglobulins and a decreased production of LMI in the presence of PPD, 6 patients (out of the idiopathic normogonadotrophic oligospermic group) were selected for a therapeutic trial with levamisole. The following regime of treatment was applied: 3 days on levamisole (150 mg per day) followed by a 10 day interval without treatment, for a period of three months. The sperm count increased in 5 out of 6 patients and motility increased in 2. At the same time a reduction in seminal plasma IgG levels was observed in all treated patients. A significant increase of EA rosettes was observed after treatment.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1989

[The neuroleptic malignant syndrome].

Malignant neuroleptic syndrome (MNS) together with agranulocytosis represents a relatively rare but the most difficult idiosyncratic reaction to the therapy with neuroleptics. The most prominent symptoms are as follows: hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, vegetative dysfunction and disturbance in consciousness. MNS usually occurs unexpectedly and unpredictably during the first days of the treatment with neuroleptics and most frequently it takes a remarkably rapid course. About 15-20% of the cases are lethal. The aim of the successful treatment is the early recognition of MNS preferably in the prodromal phases which can by the employment of adequate therapy interfere the evolution into the full clinical picture, i.e. to the lethal outcome. Efficient therapy includes: 1) interruption in the administration of neuroleptics, 2) regulation of water disbalance and electrolyte metabolism, 3) application of drugs which activate dopaminergine transmission insufficiency (bromocriptine, predominantly) or other disturbances induced by it in other neuronal systems which is obtained by the administration of anticholinergic antiparkinsonics and benzodiazepines (GABA effect), and 4) electroconvulsion. All aspects of MNS from the standpoint of actual level of knowledge are presented in this paper. The authors' own experience with the nine MNS cases registered at their clinic is also set forth. By the improvement in diagnostic and therapy no death due to MNS has been observed over the last few years.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Corneal perforation in Mooren's ulcer--immunological and clinical follow-up.

A case of corneal perforation in a patient found to have Mooren's ulcer is presented. The patient was followed up for 1 year both before and after perforation. No evidence of accompanying systemic disease was found. The ulcer healed after excision of the limbal conjunctiva. The subepithelial layer of the conjunctiva was packed with plasma cells. Both IgG and IgM were found in the epithelium as well as along the small vessels. The T-lymphocyte subpopulation was examined three times during the course of the disease; an inverse ratio was always found between the helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Delayed-type allergy against various insulin preparations including human semisynthetic insulin.

The authors present a patient with delayed-type allergy against insulin preparations of different species including highly purified monocomponent insulin and human semisynthetic insulin. Positive results for cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity and for lymphocyte blastogenesis suggested a type IV immunopathogenic reaction. Intradermal tests performed with various components of insulin preparations revealed delayed-type allergy to insulins of different species (bovine, porcine and human) but not to any of the other components.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1986

Cushing's syndrome--transitory immune deficiency state?

A 28 year old female patient with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenal adenoma also suffered from recurrent urinary infections (proteus), tonsillitis (streptococcus), permanent candidiasis and perimandibular abscess (Staphylococcus pyogenes). Suppression of cellular and humoral immunity was confirmed by in vitro tests. After successful right adrenalectomy the clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome disappeared and no evidence of either bacterial or fungal infection were noted one year postoperatively. Immunological tests showed the restitution of both cellular and humoral immunity. The course of the disease in the patient supports the idea that Cushing's syndrome might be considered as a transitory immune deficiency state.

Adenoma↗