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Biomedical subjects

S W Bender

Publications and source records attributed to S W Bender.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Prevalence of gallstones in the neonatal period].

AIM: To assess the prevalence of gallstones in normal neonates. METHOD: We used sonography to assess the gallbladder in 3500 unselected infants between 1993 and 1995. Examination was performed during the first four days of life as part of a prospective neonatal screening study evaluating hip and renal abnormalities. RESULTS: We found sludge or gallstones in 19 children (0.5%). In 4 of 11 patients followed for up to 18 months, the gallstones persisted. In 3 of the cases, there was a family history of gallstones. None of the children had signs of cholestasis. Three were treated with ursodesoxycholic acid 15-20 mg/kg (per day): only one responded. CONCLUSION: About 0.5% of neonates have gallstones or gall bladder sludge; this is a higher percentage than previously thought. In one-third of the patients who were followed, the gallstones remained. Persistence was more likely in those with a positive family history for gallstones.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1994

Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: a severe fatty acid oxidation disorder.

3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is a newly recognised fatty acid oxidation disorder with a usually fatal outcome. We present a further patient who presented with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, hepatopathy, secondary carnitine deficiency and increased plasma long-chain acylcarnitines. 3-Hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria was present and the diagnosis confirmed in cultured skin fibroblasts. Our patient is compared with those reported in the literature with respect to clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis and possible therapeutic regimens.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1994

Remarks of a paediatrician on informed consent in children.

In medical practice, patients are frequently in a passive role with respect to consenting to medical measures. The basic threshold element of informed consent is medical competence to be controlled by individual self-criticism. The elements of information, such as disclosure and understanding, have to be adapted to the individual situation in order to achieve voluntariness and active autonomous authorization. In the paediatric age group, disclosure of information has to be guided by the age-dependent ability of understanding, leading to voluntariness and consent. Since force cannot be totally avoided in the management of children, parental information and consent should be as precise and conclusive as possible. The interaction between the paediatrician on the one hand, and the children and their parents on the other, is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Therapy with H2 receptor antagonists in childhood. Use of ranitidine in duodenal and gastric ulcer and reflux esophagitis].

AIMS: Representation of common characteristics and peculiarities of the treatment with H2-receptor antagonists of duodenal and gastric ulcer and gastro-esophageal reflux in childhood in comparison with adults, taking ranitidine as an example. MAJOR POINTS: In the treatment of primary and chronic duodenal and gastric ulcers, ranitidine at doses of up to 10 mg/kg/day, given in two fractions (up to 300 mg daily) is a proven form of therapy. The endoscopically confirmed healing rates after 6 to 8 weeks of acute treatment vary between 80 and 100%. The recurrence rate in children with duodenal ulcer is high, so that long-term treatment with 4 to 5 mg/kg/day (evening dose) is added. Following a recurrent ulcer, treatment should be continued for one to two years. Ranitidine has been used with success for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Shorter intervals between administrations (3 times a day) with a total dose of up to 10 mg/kg/day are to be recommended. More experience is required in this area. At therapeutic doses, ranitidine shows hardly any side effects in children, even with long-term treatment, and can be considered to be very well tolerated by this age group, including babies.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Diagnostic significance of epithelioid granulomas in Crohn's disease in children. Multicenter Paediatric Crohn's Disease Study Group.

Out of 528 children with Crohn's disease in a Multicenter Paediatric Crohn's Disease Study Group, 37 cases had epithelioid granulomas but did not fulfill defined radiographic criteria of the disease. Follow-up studies including clinical, biochemical, radiological, endoscopic, and histological investigations were done in these patients. Initially, all patients showed clinical symptoms and 27 of them had biochemical signs of chronic inflammation. After a mean follow-up of 3 years, all 37 children treated for Crohn's disease got a complete upper gastrointestinal series with small bowel followthrough and 8 children in addition had barium enemas. Colonoscopies were done in 23 patients. Radiographic examination revealed Crohn's disease in 14 and endoscopy additionally confirmed Crohn's disease in 8 further cases. One child was diagnosed as having chronic granulomatous disease. Thirteen children still remained unclassified after these follow-up studies including radiographs and endoscopy. An interval of 3 years may in some cases be too short to express the complete radiographic pattern of Crohn's disease. Our studies demonstrate that in addition to initial radiological, endoscopic, and histological investigations, a thorough follow-up is necessary in early diagnosed patients. In these children, epithelioid granulomas are of high diagnostic validity preceding radiological changes of Crohn's disease often for years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

HLA antigen frequencies in familial Crohn's disease (CD).

A possible association of Crohn's disease (CD) with MHC (major histocompatibility complex) markers was investigated in families with more than one affected member. HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ typing was performed in 21 CD families with two or more CD patients. The following HLA-antigens showed increased relative risk (RR) values for CD: B44 (RR = 2.43; B15 (Bw62, Bw63) (RR = 2.03); DR7 (RR = 1.85); DR4 (RR = 1.06). Three of 44 patients were DR4- and four DR7-homozygous. The risk haplotype B44/DR7 was observed in four and Bw62/DR4 in three CD patients, respectively. CD affected family members (female greater than male) shared HLA haplotypes more frequently than expected by mendelian laws. None of the differences reached statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Crohn's disease in cystic fibrosis.

We report on three patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) who developed gastrointestinal symptoms of Crohn's disease (CD). Two patients developed enteroenteric or enterocutaneous fistulas. The diagnosis of CD is based on typical endoscopic, radiologic, and histological features of epithelioid granulomas in two children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Spontaneous pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis].

The clinical course of 13 cystic fibrosis patients with a total of 24 episodes of pneumothorax was analysed. The study is based on 488 (273/215) patients seen over 20 respectively 10 years at the University Children's Hospitals Frankfurt/Main and Essen. A pneumothorax was observed with a frequency of 2.7% mainly in adolescents of young adults with advanced pulmonary disease (mean age 17.4 years). It was not seen before the age of 10 years. Thus among 255 patients at risk above 10 years a pneumothorax occurred in 5.1%. Presenting symptoms were acute chest pain (n = 17), dyspnea (n = 17) and irritating cough (n = 8). In two patients pneumothorax was an incidental diagnosis. A tension pneumothorax was seen in 7 (= 30%; 3 initial, 4 recurrences of which 3 were ipsilateral). Out of 11 recurrences (n = 6, ipsi- and n = 5, contralateral) 4 occurred only once, one twice and in one patient five times. Two patients died as a consequence of the event (one initially due to tension pneumothorax, one due to heart failure). The therapeutic approach was conservative. Without specific treatment pneumothorax resolved in 12 cases. Ten patients were treated by chest tube drainage and only one patient by pleurodesis with a sclerosing agent. Though the therapeutic results were favorable in the patients presented, the authors suggest more aggressive treatment in view of the high ipsilateral recurrence rate. Detailed recommendations are given.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Increased concentrations of HbAlab in hereditary fructose intolerance and galactosemia.

In patients with diabetes mellitus nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemo-globin is a result of increased blood glucose concentrations. In analogy glycosylated hemo-globin fractions were determined in 23 patients with hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) and 8 patients with galactosemia (G) by means of hemoglobin chromatography on a column packed with Bio-Rex 70 resin. The concentrations were compared to those of 14 control patients and 43 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Compared to controls, in HFI- and G-patients HbAlab was significantly increased. In contrast diabetic patients presented with a marked and significant increase of the HbAlc fraction. When purified hemoglobin was incubated with different monosaccharides respectively monosaccharide phosphates, an increase of HbAlab resulted mainly after galactose and fructose-1-phosphate. The determination of HbAlab in patients with HFI and G is considered a possible means of metabolic control.

Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1986

[Crohn disease in childhood].

Increasing incidence of Crohn's disease particularly in childhood and adolescence has made inflammatory bowel disease one of the most important aspects of paediatric gastroenterology. The multicenter paediatric Crohn's disease study group with members from F.R.G., Switzerland, and Austria diagnosed Crohn's disease in 527 patients by means of defined diagnostic criteria. With regard to epidemiology, genetics, aetiology, descriptive pathogenesis, anamnestical and diagnostical features and therapy the authors discuss their experience and results of the multicenter study group.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

Severe hemorrhage from intestinal hemangiomatosis in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: pitfalls in diagnosis and management.

A child with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) and severe anemia caused by bleeding from diffuse intestinal hemangiomatosis is presented. Hemangiomas of the bowel should be considered in any child with unexplained anemia and coexisting cutaneous hemangiomas. The diagnostic workup of patients with KTS and symptomatic hemangiomatosis is outlined with respect to indications for surgical management.

Anemia↗
PubMed1985

A double-blind placebo controlled trial with oral ambroxol and N-acetylcysteine for mucolytic treatment in cystic fibrosis.

The therapeutic efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ambroxol as compared with the effect of placebos was studied in 36 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with mild to moderate pulmonary disease. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three regimens, matched on the basis of age and Chrispin-Norman scores. The trial was conducted over a period of 12 weeks. Patients were assessed clinically and by extensive pulmonary function techniques (body-plethysmography, maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, trapped air determination). Although no clinical differences could be observed between the three groups, significant impairment in the placebo group was found for trapped air and FEV1 when compared to the active groups, suggesting a therapeutic effect of ambroxol and NAC in CF.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1985

Bronchial allergy in cystic fibrosis.

Thirty-one patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were thoroughly evaluated for allergy. This included a clinical history, skin tests with twenty-three allergens and bronchial provocation with inhaled allergens and histamine. The bronchial response was measured by whole body plethysmography. Of the patients studied, 40% showed a bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled allergens, despite the fact that none had reported asthma in their clinical history. Strong skin test reactions (3+ and 4+) and weak reactions (2+) were associated with 65% and 4% of positive reactions of the airways respectively. Weak skin reactions with Aspergillus fumigatus, however, were associated with 43% of positive bronchial challenges. In addition to Aspergillus, the mould Alternaria tenuis was found to be an important allergen causing a bronchial response in CF patients. There was no correlation between the thresholds of bronchial sensitivity to allergen and histamine, suggesting that the pathogenetic mechanisms of CF and bronchial asthma are different.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Crohn's disease activity: assessment by factor VIII coagulation proteins.

Twenty-eight patients (mean age 13.5 years) with proven Crohn's disease were examined for factor VIII coagulation activity (VIII:C), factor VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag), and factor VIII-related ristocetin cofactor activity (VIII R:RCF). The factor VIII coagulation proteins were correlated with disease activity index according to van Hees and were compared with inflammatory parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein, and orosomucoid. Among the factor VIII proteins, factor VIII-related protein (VIII R:Ag) correlates best with van Hees disease activity index, orosomucoid, c-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p less than 0.001 for all parameters). Since acute phase proteins are produced by liver cells, whereas VIII R:Ag is synthesized by endothelial cells, we postulate that this coagulation factor is highly sensitive in reflecting the inflammatory process in the intestine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cystic fibrosis and neuroblastoma.

Two cases of coexistent cystic fibrosis and infantile thoracic neuroblastoma are presented. In one patient, neuroblastoma was congenital, and diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was made at 3 months of age; in the other, the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was made at 7 months of age, preceding that of neuroblastoma by 4 months. In both infants, surgical resection of the tumors have been successful. Recent advances in the genetic aspects of neuroblastoma, including translocation and activation of the oncogene N-myc, are discussed. Current recombinant DNA technology, which can identify translocation of N-myc and allow localization of the cystic fibrosis gene if the translocation occurs near the cystic fibrosis allele, is being applied to these cases.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1985

[Familial occurrence of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and Crohn disease with manifestation of both diseases in the same patient].

This is the first communication on a coincidental manifestation of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and Crohn's disease. In the index case polyposis was found at the age of eight and Crohn's disease was diagnosed at the age of 121/2 years. In this family, both the father and the eldest sister of the patient have a Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. The cousin of the mother also has Crohn's disease. The prognosis of a combination of these two diseases can be considered poor. The differentialdiagnosis posed difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Neuraminidase deficiency presenting as non-immune hydrops fetalis.

A newborn infant with oedema, ascites and hepatosplenomegaly is described. In ascites fluid foamy macrophages were found, in a liver biopsy cytoplasmic inclusions and membrane-bound vacuoles were seen. Furthermore the child excreted excessive amounts of sialic acid-rich oligosaccharides in the urine, and therefore a neurovisceral degenerative disorder was assumed. The diagnosis of sialidosis was confirmed by enzymatic assay in cultured fibroblasts, in which a complete deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme neuraminidase could be demonstrated. After recurrent septicaemias the child became dystrophic and died at the age of 6 months. Our case is compared with sialidosis observed by other authors, the wide phenotypic diversity within this biochemical defect is emphasised. The occurrence of hydrops fetalis in lysosomal storage diseases is discussed.

Edema↗